Clean Water Technology in Developing Countries

Source: Sean Clauson., 2007

Jean Pierre NshimyimanaCandidate Master’s of Science, Civil & Environmental Engineering, MIT

Source: www.africaguide.com Global Land Cover Facility,2003, DFGFI 2007

Rwanda

Rwanda

Source : http://ww.moh.gov.rw , IDHS 2007/2008 & UNDP-2007, http://www.undp.org.rw/MDGs-NOV2007.pdf

Source: Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos R., Gore F., and Bartram, J., (2008).

The Problem, My Focus

Kiziba Refugee Camp

Sources: •Nshizirungu F., Assessment of hygiene and sanitation in Kiziba Refugee Camp, KHI/ Kigali, 2005, http://www.arc.org.rw/kib3.jpg& •www.arc.org.rw/kib2.jpg

1. Founded 1996

2. 20,000 people from DRC

3. 30% skin diseases 4. 67% diarrhea cases

Interventions:

1. Wastewater treatment design

2. Community behavior change

Sources: Global Land Cover Facility, 2003, Bisate Health Center Report, 2008.

1. Founded 1971

2. 17,400 people served

3. No clean water until 2007

4. 2nd source of morbidity: diarrhea

Interventions:

1. Rainwater harvesting system:

1. 41,350 Liters 2. Cost $10,000

2. Health care waste management

3. Toilets combined with biogas system (in collaboration with Dartmouth University students)

Bisate Community Cistern

1. Nearly 3,000 people served

2. Capacity: 25,000 Liters

3. Total cost: $10,000

4. Management and maintenance by local community committees

5. Maintenance cost: $250 per Year

6. Contribution: 200FRW = $0.50 per year per family

7. Contributors: 1,000 families ; $500 total

Challenges Challenges

Suggested Approach

Technology Needed

Example: Current Household Cistern

Filter to improve water quality

Cover for safe storage

Pump for safe access

Source: Cresti Daria 2007

A Feasible Design

Source: Cresti Daria 2007

Examples

Source: Rollins Chris http://www.solvatten.se/SOLVATTEN/Start.html

Sand Filter (Stored water)

Solar Disinfection Ceramic Siphon filter (point of use)

Many Problems, but also Progress

Source: Sean Clauson 2007

THANKS!