Harvard Updated Citation April 2011

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HARVARD REFERENCING STYLE

COMPILING THE REFERENCE LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

List of Referencing:

Books1. Books with no author 2. Books with one author 3. Books with two, three or four authors4. Books with more than four authors5. Books which are edited6. Chapters of edited books7. Multiple works by the same author 8. Secondary sources9. E-books

Journals1. Journal articles2. Journal articles available from a database3. Magazine or journal articles available on the internet4. Journal abstract from a database5. Newspaper articles6. Online newspaper articles

Other Types of Documents

1. Annual report2. Conference report3. Dissertation4. DVD, Video or Film5. Map5. Pictures, Images and Photographs6. Musical Score7. TV or Radio Broadcast8. Audio Podcasts

Electronic Sources1. Websites2. Publication available from websites3. Blogs

4. You Tube Video5. Online forum post6. Online Encyclopedia

Unpublished Works

1. Unpublished works



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HARVARD REFERENCING STYLE

COMPILING THE REFERENCE LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books with no author

The required elements for a book reference are:

Title of book (edition). (Year of publication). Place of publication: Publisher.

Reference: Houses & studios designed by artists in Thailand. (2010). Bangkok: Li-Zenn.

An in text reference for the above examples would read:

As discussed in Houses & studios designed (2010) or ..Houses and studio designed

(Houses and Studio, 2010)

Books with one author

Use the title page, for the reference details. Only include the edition where it is not the first.A book with no edition statement is most commonly a first edition.

The required elements for a book reference are:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of book. Edition. (only include this if not the first edition)

Place of publication (this must be a town or city, not a country): Publisher.

Reference:

Mahathir Mohamed, Tun., 2011. A doctor in the house: the memoirs of Tun Dr Mahathir. Petaling Jaya, Selangor : MPH Pub.

Redman, P., 2006. Good essay writing: a social sciences guide. 3rd ed. London:Open University in assoc. with Sage.


In Malaysia, Opposition candidates can win, and be successful enough to gaincontrol of state governments… (Mahathir, 2011)

Leading social scientists such as Redman (2006) have noted …



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Books with two, three or four authors

For books with two, three or four authors of equal status the names should all be included in

the order they appear in the document. Use an and to link the last two multiple authors.

The required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of book . Edition (only include this if not the first edition).Place: Publisher.

Reference :

Bullock, S., Manias, E. and Galbraith, A. 2007. Fundamentals of pharmacology. 5th. ed. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W. : Pearson Education Australia.

An in text reference for the above examples would read: Drug (Bullock, Manias and Galbraith, 2007) can be useful in your life …

Books with more than four authors

For books where there are more than four authors’ uses the first author only with surnameand initials followed by et al.


Author, Initials. and et al, Year. Title of book. Edition (only include this if not the firstedition). Place: Publisher.

Reference :

Napier, H. A. et al., 2002. Microsoft Office xp. Advance course: mastering and using. Australia : Course Technology.



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Books which are edited

For books which are edited give the editor(s) surname(s) and initials, followed by ed., or eds.


Author, Initials., ed., Year. Title of book. Edition. Place: Publisher.

Reference :

Houlder, D. ed., 2004. Strategy: how to shape the future of the business. Norwich,UK : Format.

Chin, C.C. and Hack, K. eds., 2004. Dialogue with Chin Peng : new light on theMalayan Communist Party. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Chapters of edited books

For chapters of edited books the required elements for a reference are:

Chapter author(s) surname(s) and initials. Year of chapter. Title of chapter followedby In: Book editor(s) initials and surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name. Year of book. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Chapter number or first andlast page numbers followed by full-stop.

References:

Smith, J., 1995. A source of information. In: W. Jones, ed. 2000. One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ch. 2.

Roberts, L., 2003. Capital accumulation: tourism and development processes inCentral and Eastern Europe. In: D. Hall, ed. Tourism and transition: governance,transformation and development. Oxfordshire : Cabi Publishing, pp. 53-64.

An in text reference for the above example would read:

(Smith, 1995) (Roberts, 2003)



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Multiple works by the same author

Where there are several works by one author and published in the same year they shouldbe differentiated by adding a lower case letter after the date.

Remember that this must also be consistent with the citations in the text.

For multiple works the required elements for a reference are: Author, Initals., Year. Title of book. Place: Publisher.

References: Adcock, D., 1998. Marketing principles and practice. London: Financial Times. Adcock, D., 2000. Marketing strategies for competitive advantage. Chichester : John

Wiley & Sons.

**Works by the same author should be displayed in chronological order, earliest first (asabove).


(Adcock, 1998, 2000)

This also applies if there are several authors with the same surname. As an alternative their initials can be included in the citation. So for example, if you have sources written by DennisAdcock and also by John Adcock, you would list them in alphabetic order:

(Adcock, D. 2000) (Adcock, J. 2000)

Secondary Source

A summary of another author’s work in the source that you are reading, and make a

reference in your own document; this is called secondary referencing.


Authors. (Year of publication). Title of book (edition). Place of publication: Publisher.

Reference:

Plonik, R., and Kouyoumdjian, H. (2011). Introduction to psychology . Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.


Freud’s study (as cited in Plonik & Kouyoumdjian, 2011).



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E-books

For e-books accessed through a password protected database from the University

Library the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Year, Title of book . [type of medium] Place of publication: Publisher.Followed by “Available through:” include e-book source/database, web address or URL [Accessed date].

References: Mezrich, Ben., 2010. The accidental billionaires: the founding of Facebook: a tale of

sex, money, genius and betrayal [e-book] New York: Anchor Books. Availablethrough: Taylor’s University Library <http://library.taylors.edu.my> [Accessed 18 April2011].

Carlsen, J. and Charters, S., eds. 2006. Global wine tourism. [e-book] Wallingford:

CABI Pub. Available through: Taylor’s University Library website

<http://library.taylors.edu.my> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

For an e-book freely available over the internet:


Authorship, Year, Title of book . [type of medium] Place of publication (if known):Publisher. Followed by “Available at:” include web address or URL for the e-book[Accessed date].

For a pdf version of a Government publication or similar which is freely available:


Authorship, Year, Title of book . [type of medium] Place of publication: Publisher.Followed by “Available at:” include web address or URL for the actual pdf, whereavailable [Accessed date].

Department of Health, 2008. Health inequalities: progress and next steps. [pdf]

London: Department of Health. Available at:<http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_085307> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

Bank of England, 2008. Inflation Report [pdf] Available at:<http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/inflationreport/ir08nov.pdf> [Accessed18 April 2011].

An intext reference for the above example would read:

Recent evidence (Bank of England, 2008, pp.32-33) show the trends ...



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Journals

Journal articles

For journal articles the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Journal , Volume number (Issue/Partnumber), Page numbers.

References:

Donyai, P. 2010. Quality of medicines stored together in multi compartmentcompliance aids. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 35(5), pp.533-543.

Peercy, M.A., and McCleary, K.W. 2010. The Impact of the Year-Round SchoolCalendar on the Family Vacation: an Exploratory Case Study. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research. 35, pp.147-170.

An intext reference for the above example would read: (Donyai, 2010)

(Peercy and McCleary, 2010)

Journal articles available from a database

For journal articles from an electronic source accessed through a passwordprotected database from the University Library the required elements for a referenceare:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Journal , [type of medium] Volumenumber (Issue/Part number), Page numbers if availalble. Available through: name of database [Accessed date]

Reference:

Wilkins, H., 2010. Souvenirs: What and Why We Buy. Journal of Travel Research. [e-journal] 50(3). Available through: Sage Journals online. [Accessed 8 April 2011]

An intext reference for the above example would read: (Wilkins, 2010)



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Magazine or journal articles available on the internet

For an article from a web based magazine or journal, which is freely available over theweb, the required elements for a reference are:

Authors, Initials., Year . Title of article, Full Title of Magazine, [online]. Available at:web address (quote the exact URL for the article) [Accessed date].

Reference: Kipper, D. , 2008. Japan’s new dawn, Popular Science and Technology , [online]

Available at:<http://www.popsci.com/popsci37b144110vgn/html> [Accessed 18 April2011].


(Kipper, 2008) ...

Journal abstract from a database

For a journal abstract from a database where you have been unable to access the fullarticle, the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Journal , [type of medium] Volumenumber (Issue/Part number), Page numbers if availalble, Abstract only. Availablethrough:.[name of database]. [Accessed date].

Reference: Williamson, R.S., 2011. A rising emboldened China. Mediterranean Quarterly , [e-

journal] 22(1), Abstract only. Available through: Scopus database [Accessed 18 April2011].

***Every effort should be made to read the article in full if you intend to use this work as supporting

evidence in an academic submission.



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Newspaper articles

For newspaper articles the required elements for a reference are:

Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title of Newspaper , Day and month beforepage numbers and column line.

Reference: Slapper, G., 2005. Corporate manslaughter: new issues for lawyers. The Times, 3

Sep. p.4b.

**(NB. 4b, this indicates that the article is on the fourth page of the newspaper, and “b” indicates this is the second column of newsprint across the page.)

Online newspaper articles

For newspaper articles found in online newspapers, the required elements for areference are:

Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document or page. Name of newspaper ,[type of medium] Additional date information. Available at:.[name of database].[Accessed date].

Reference: Chittenden, M., Rogers, L. and Smith, D., 2003. Focus: ‘Targetitis ails NHS. Times

Online, [online]1 June. Available at:

<http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article1138006.ece> [Accessed18 April 2011].

Reference: Coney, J., 2009. Is this the start of a new home loan war? HSBC vows to lend

£1billion to homebuyers with 10% deposits. Daily Mail , [online] (Last updated 9.47AM on 09th April 2009) Available at: <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1168461/Is-start-new-home-loan-war-HSBC-vows-lend-1billion-homebuyers-10-deposits.html> [Accessed on 18 April 2011].

An in text reference for the above example would read: (Coney, 2009)

**It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of the front page of any website you use



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OTHER TYPES OF DOCUMENTS

Annual report


Corporate author, Year of publication. Full title of annual report , Place of Publication:Publisher.

Reference: Petronas, 2010. 2010 annual report . Kuala Lumpur : Petronas.

For an e-version of an annual report. The required elements for a reference are:

Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document or page, [type of medium]Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed

date]

References: Petronas, 2010. Annual report 2010 . [Online] Available at:

<http://www.petronas.com.my/downloads/AnnualReports/AnnualReport2010.pdf>[Accessed 18 April 2011].

**It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of the front page of any website you usecontaining reference details

Conference report


Authorship/author, editor or organisation, Year. Full title of conference report .Location, Date, Place of publication: Publisher.

References: UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), 2005. 6th

Global forum on reinventing government: towards participatory and transparent governance. Seoul, Republic of Korea 24-27 May 2005. New York: United Nations.

Brown, J., 2005. Evaluating surveys of transparent governance. In: UNDESA (UnitedNations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), 6th Global forum on reinventing government: towards participatory and transparent governance. Seoul, Republic of Korea 24-27 May 2005. New York: United Nations.



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Dissertation

The required elements for a reference are: Author, Year of publication. Title of dissertation. Level. Official name of University.

Reference: Wang, N., 2001. Urban tourism: an analysis of its supply and demand in Kuala

Lumpur Malaysia. Degree.Taylor’s University.

DVD, video or film


Full title of DVD or video. Year of release. [type of medium] Director. (if relevant)Country of origin: Film studio or maker. (Other relevant details).

References: Sepet. 2005 [DVD] Yasmin Ahmad. Kuala Lumpur: Golden Satelite.

Implementing a food safety program [videorecording] : HACCP in the workplace /Video Education Australasia. Bendigo, Vic. : Video Education Australasia.

For a film the suggested elements should include: Title. Year of release. [Medium] Director. Country of origin: Film studio.

Reference: Macbeth, 1948. [Film] Directed by Orson Wells. USA: Republic Pictures.



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Map


Map maker, Year of issue. Title of map. Map series, Sheet number, scale, Place of publication: Publisher.

Reference: Ordnance Survey, 2006. Chester and North Wales. Landranger series,Sheet 106,

1:50000, Southampton: Ordnance Survey.

Pictures, Images and Photographs

The suggested elements for a reference are:

Artist/Photographer’s name (if known), Year of production. Title of image. [type of medium] Collection Details as available (Collection, Document number,Geographical Town/Place: Name of Library/Archive/Repository).

Beaton,C., 1956. Marilyn Monroe. [photograph] (Marilyn Monroe’s own privatecollection).

Beaton,C., 1944. China 1944: A mother resting her head on her sick child's pillow inthe Canadian Mission Hospital in Chengtu. [photograph] (Imperial War MuseumCollection).

For an electronic reference the suggested elements are:

Artist/Photographer’s name, Year of production. Title of image. [type of medium]Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform Resource Locator) andadditional details of access, such as the routing from the homepage of thesource.[Accessed date].

Reference: Dean, R, 2008. Tales from Topographic Oceans. [electronic print] Available at:

<http://rogerdean.com/store/product_info.php?cPath=4&products_id=88> [Accessed18 April 2011].



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Musical Score


Name of composer(s). (Year of publication). Title of publication [Medium]. Place of publication: Publisher.

Reference List

Stravinsky, I. (1975). Rite of spring. [Score]. London, England: Hansen House.

If the score is part of a collection or anthology:

Whitfield, N., & Strong, B. (1966). I heard it through the grapevine [Score]. In Motownanthology (pp.98-104). Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard.

If there is an editor:

Porter, C. (1953). It’s all right with me [Score]. In W.L.Simon (Ed.), Treasury of great show tunes (pp.104-110). Pleasantville, NY: Reader’s Digest.

An in text reference for the above example would read: “It’s Alright With Me” (Porter, 1953) was also used in High Society

OR Porter (1953) wrote “It’s Alright With Me” for the musical Can-Can.



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TV or Radio Broadcasts


Producer or director (Producer/Director). (Broadcast date). Title of broadcast [Descriptivephrase]. City of broadcast: Network.

Reference List :

Kring, T. (Producer). (2008). Heroes [Television Series]. Melbourne, Australia: SevenCorporation.

Emery, T. (Director). (2004).The mango espadrille [Television series episode]. InG.Riley & J.Turner (Producers). Kath & Kim. Melbourne, Australia: AustralianBroadcasting Corporation.


Kring (2008) expanded the theme of villa in…. OR

…superhero theme (Kring, 2008)

Audio Podcasts


Author. (Producer). (Date). Title. Podcast retrieved from Web address

Reference: Masters, C. (Producer). (2008, March 20th). What’s next for Timor? Podcast

retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/rn


Masters (2008) outlines…OR

for East Timor (Masters, 2008).



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Electronic Sources

Websites

For websites found on the worldwide web the required elements for a reference are:

Authorship or Source, Year. Title of web document or web page. [type of medium](date of update if available) Available at: include web site address/URL (UniformResource Locator) [Accessed date].

If the URL appears to be exceedingly long, provide routing details which enable the reader to access the particular page via the site’s homepage. You may be taken to a particular page as a result of a search you performed, or be directed from a link to another place on awebsite. The resultant URLs may include specific data about your method of accessing thatpage that is not available to your reader. If this is the case use the homepage (from whichthe reference can be found).

Static URL

NHS Evidence, 2003. National Library of Guidelines. [online] Available at:<http://www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesFinder> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

Dynamic URL

We have highlighted the part of the URL that shows this is a dynamic search. If this is notavailable to everyone, use the second example below:

Example 1 National Electronic Library for Health, 2003. Can walking make you slimmer and

healthier? (Hitting the headlines article) [online] (Updated 16 Jan 2005) Available at:<http://www.library.nhs.uk/rss/newsAndRssArticle.aspx?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.nhs.uk%2Fresources%2F%3Fid%3D66149> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

Example 2 National Electronic Library for Health, 2003. Can walking make you slimmer and

healthier? (Hitting the headlines article) [online] (Updated 16 Jan 2005) Available at:<http://www.library.nhs.uk> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

The title of a web page is normally the main heading on the page, or the title displayed onthe top of the web browser.An intext reference for the above examples would read:

(National Electronic Library for Health, 2003)

**It is good practice to keep a copy of the front page of any website you use



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Publications available from websites

For publications found on the internet the required elements for a reference are:

Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document . [type of medium] Place:Producer/Publisher. Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform ResourceLocator).[Accessed date].

References: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines, 2001. Hypertension in the elderly. (SIGN

publication 20) [online] Edinburgh : SIGN (Published 2001) Available at:<http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign49.pdf>[Accessed 18 April 2011].

Boots Group Plc., 2003. Corporate social responsibility. [online] Boots Group Plc.Available at: <http://www.Boots-Plc.Com/Information/Info.Asp?Level1id=447&Level

2id=0>[Accessed 15 April 2011].

Defoe, D., 1999. The fortunes and the misfortunes of the famous Moll Flanders. [online] Champaign, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Available at:<http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/370> [Accessed 15 April 2011].

Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities. n.d. Healthcare for all. [online] Available at:<http://www.iahpld.org.uk/Healthcare_easy_final.pdf> [Accessed 10 April 2011]

**It is good practice to keep a copy of the front page of any website you use.



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Blogs


Author, Year. Title of individual blog entry. Blog title, [medium] Blog posting date.Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) [Accesseddate].

Reference:

Whitton Felix, 2009. Conservationists are not making themselves heard. Guardian.co.uk Science blog, [blog] 18 June, Available at:<http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2009/jun/18/conservation-extinction-open-ground> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

Blog comments


Comment Author, Year. Title of individual blog entry. Blog title, [medium] Commentposting date. Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator)[Accessed date].

Reference: DGeezer, 2009. Conservationists are not making themselves heard. Guardian.co.uk

Science blog, [blog] 18 June, Available at:<http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2009/jun/18/conservation-extinction-open-ground> [Accessed 18 April 2011].


(Whitton, 2009) (Geezer, 2009)



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YouTube videoThe required elements for a reference are:

Screen name of contributor, Year. Video Title, Series Title. (if relevant) [type of

medium] Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator)[Accessed date].

Reference: Wuedtech, 2007. Plagiarism : don’t do it revealed Full. [video online] Available at:<

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gC2ew6qLa8U> [Accessed 18 April 2011].

Online forum post


Author. (Date). Title. Message posted to Web address, archived at Web address

Reference:

Rodin, P. (2008, November 17). How cats hunt (Msg 4). Message posted tonews://cathealth.healthypets, archived at http://groups.google.com/pets/cats.


Rodin (2008) has found that…OR

…in cats (Rodin, 2008).



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Online Encyclopedia


Author. (Date). Title of entry . In (Ed.), Title of encyclopedia. Retrieved month day,year, from web address.

Reference: McQuillan, M. (2008). Picasso. In Oxford Art Online. Retrived February 25, 2009,

from http://www.oxfordartonline.com.

An intext reference for the above example would read:

McQuillan (2008) shows that… OR

…was highlighted (McQuillan, 2008).



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UNPUBLISHED WORKS

Unpublished works

You may occasionally have access to a document before it is published and maytherefore not be able to provide full details:

Bloggs, J., (in press) A new book that I have written. London: Vanity Press

Reference: Woolley, E. & Muncey, T., (in press) Demons or diamonds: a study to ascertain the

range of attitudes present in health professionals to children with conduct disorder.Journal of Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. (Accepted for publication December 2002).