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Dr Radhakrishnan
HAEMOPOIESIS & HISTOLOGY OF BONE MARROW
Radhakrishnan PDepartment Of Anatomy
Hadhramout University College Of Medicine
Dr RadhakrishnanHow did you get All the things for
surveying External LIFE???
Transport
Dr RadhakrishnanHow did you get All the things for
surveying Internal LIFE???
Dr RadhakrishnanFluid Connective tissue
Centrifuge
Dr RadhakrishnanBlood made up of two parts, Formed
elements(Erythrocytes, Platelets, Leukocytes) & Plasma
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr RadhakrishnanWhere did they come from???
Origin, development and Maturation of Blood cells called as Haemopoiesis
Origin, development and Maturation of Red Blood cells called as Erythropoiesis
In adult its from BONE MARROW
What about Fetus ? New Born ? Old Age ?
Dr Radhakrishnan
IN FETAL LIFE
1. Mesoblastic Stage (upto 2 months)Mesenchyme of yolk sac.
2. Hepatic Stage (3-6 months)Liver and also Spleen and lymphoid
organs
3. Myeloid Stage(last 3 months) Red bone marrow and liver.
Site of Erythropoiesis �
Dr Radhakrishnan
IN NEWBORN BABIES, CHILDREN AND ADULTS
1. Up to the age of 20 years:
Red bone marrow of all bones (long bones and all the flat
bones).
2. After the age of 20 years:
Membranous bones like vertebra, sternum, ribs, scapula, iliac bones
and skull bones and from the ends of long bones.
After 20 years of age, the shaft of the long bones becomes yellow
bone marrow because of fat deposition and looses the erythropoietic
function.
Dr RadhakrishnanWhat is Bone marrow & Where do you find it ???
Soft pulpy tissue found in marrow cavities of all bones
Dr RadhakrishnanWhat is Bone marrow & Where do you find it ???
Yellow Marrow
•Presence of Adipocytes
Red marrow •Consists of Stroma, Hemopoitic cord, Sinusoidal capillaries
Dr Radhakrishnan
Bone marrow ( Decalcified section)
Sinusoid StromaHaemopoetic cells
OUR LIFE..... Cell
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Human Body
Stem cells ???
Dr RadhakrishnanStem cells ???
Stem cells are pluripotential cells capable of self-renewal. Some of their daughter cells form specific, irreversibly
differentiated cell types, and other daughter cells remain stem cells.
Dr Radhakrishnan
Two major cell lineages Myeloid stem cells
Lymphoid stem cells
PLURIPOTANT STEM CELL
PROGENITOR CELLS
PRECURSOR CELLS (Blast)
MATURE CELLS
After My School Studies
Doctor
Teacher / Surgeon / Paediatrician...Teacher
Dr RadhakrishnanUncommitted pluripotent Hemopoitic stem cell
Committed pluripotent Hemopoitic stem cell
Lymphoid stem cell
Colony forming Blastocyte
Lymphocytes
RBC Neutrophil
Basophil Eosinophil
Monocyte
Platelet
Colony forming Unit-E
Colony forming Unit-GM
Colony forming Unit-M
Granulocytes
Lymphoid lineage Myeloid lineage
Dr RadhakrishnanColony forming Unit-E (CFU-E) / Erythropoiesis
Proerythroblast / Megaloblast
Basophilic erythroblast / Early normoblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast / Intermediate
Orthochromatophilic erythroblast / Late normoblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
5 DAYS
2 DAYS
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr Radhakrishnan
Stages of Erythropoiesis
Important events
Proerythroblast Synthesis of Hb startsEarly Erythroblast Nuclei disappearIntermediate Erythroblast Hb starts appearingLate Erythroblast Nucleus disappearsReticulocyte Reticulum formed. Cells
enter into capillary from site of production
Mature RBC Reticulum disappears. Cell attain Biconcavity
Cells of CFU-E pass through different stages and finally become the matured RBCs.
During these stages four important changes are noticed.
1. Reduction in size of the cell (from the diameter of 25 to 7.2 µ)
2. Disappearance of nucleoli and nucleus
3. Appearance of hemoglobin
4. Change in the staining properties of the cytoplasm. �
CHANGES DURING ERYTHROPOIESIS
Dr Radhakrishnan
Accounts for largest proportion of blood cells (99% of total number)
Each erythrocyte is a biconcave disc 7.2 um in diameter
Mature erythrocyte lack in nuclei Pale red in colour (paler in centre)
Life span of 120 days 450000 – 550000 per cubic micro litre of blood
Dr RadhakrishnanColony forming Unit-GM / Granulopoisis
Azurophillic / primary Granule- lysosomes Specific Granule
Dr RadhakrishnanColony forming Unit-GM / Granulopoisis
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Early Neutrophillic Myelocyte Early Eosinophillic Early Basophillic
Late Neutrophillic Myelocyte Late Eosinophillic Late Basophillic
Neutrophillic Metamyelocyte Eosinophillic Metamyelocyte
Mature Neutrophil Mature Eosinophil Mature Basophil
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr RadhakrishnanNeutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
Constitutes in WBC
60-70% 2- 4% 1%
Nucleus consisting of 2-5 lobes linked by
chromatin
Bilobed nucleus Irregular lobes
Cytoplasm Specific granules and Azurophillic
granulesWeekly stains
Large elongated refractile
specific granules stained by
Eosin
Granules contains Heparin,
Histamine.Stains
Metachomatically. Purple in
colourLife span 1-4 days 8-12 days Few hours to
days
Dr RadhakrishnanColony forming Unit-M
Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocytes
Platelets
Anucleate cell fragments Also known as thrombocytes 20000-400000 per micro litre of
blood. Appears as clumps Peripheral light blue stain & central
purple stain
Dr RadhakrishnanColony forming Unit-GM / Monocyte
Euchromatic nucleus Oval, Horeshoe, Kidney shaped. Eccentrically
placed Cytoplasm basophilic In electron microscope many Microvilli seen at the
cell surface
Dr RadhakrishnanLymphoid colony forming cell
Nucleus is : Round Stains densely Surrounded by very narrow
rim of cytoplasm, basophilic.
Lymphoblast
Lymphocytes
T- Lymphocyte B- Lymphocyte
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr RadhakrishnanRBC Neutrophil
Basophil MonocyteLymphocyte
Eosinophil
Dr RadhakrishnanRBC
Platelets Eosinophil
Neutrophil
BasophilRBC
Platelets
Dr Radhakrishnan
Dr RadhakrishnanREFERENCE VALUE
Dr Radhakrishnan
Mail : [email protected]
Face Book : Radha Krishnan ([email protected])
WhatsApp : +91 9003502218
Local : 738912880
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