Group 4 sleep

Group 4 “Sleep”Emma CookeRoss Hobson

Sydney BoukedesJohn Aceti

According to the dictionary, sleep is: to take the rest afforded by suspension of

voluntary bodily functions and the natural suspension, complete or partial, of consciousness; cease being awake.

Sleep – What is it?

Both. Sleep deprivation pertains to any high school or college student who does not get the amount of sleep their body needs due to rigorous amounts of school work and extra curricular activities.

Local or global issue?

Sleep begins in stage 1 and progresses into stages 2, 3 and 4. After stage 4 sleep, stage 3 and then stage 2 sleep are repeated before entering REM sleep. Once REM sleep is over, the body usually returns to stage 2 sleep.

Sleep cycles through these stages approximately four or five times throughout the night.

On average, we enter the REM stage approximately 90 minutes after falling asleep. The first cycle of REM sleep might last only a short amount of time, but each cycle becomes longer. REM sleep can last up to an hour as sleep progresses.

Basic Sleep Knowledge

Stage 1 is the beginning of the sleep cycle, and is a relatively light stage of sleep. Stage 1 can be considered a transition period between wakefulness and sleep. In Stage 1, the brain produces high amplitude theta waves, which are very slow brain waves. This period of sleep lasts only a brief time (around 5-10 minutes). If you awaken someone during this stage, they might report that they weren't really asleep.

Sleep Cycles: Stage 1

Stage 2 is the second stage of sleep and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. The brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. Body temperature starts to decrease and heart rate begins to slow.

Sleep Cycle: Stage 2

Deep, slow brain waves known as delta waves begin to emerge during stage 3 sleep. Stage 3 is a transitional period between light sleep and a very deep sleep.


Stage 4 is sometimes referred to as delta sleep because of the slow brain waves known as delta waves that occur during this time. Stage 4 is a deep sleep that lasts for approximately 30 minutes.


Most dreaming occurs during the fifth stage of sleep, known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep is characterized by eye movement, increased respiration rate and increased brain activity. REM sleep is also referred to as paradoxical sleep because while the brain and other body systems become more active, muscles become more relaxed. Dreaming occurs due because of increased brain activity, but voluntary muscles become paralyzed.


Melatonin is usually actively being produced around 9 pm but in teenagers it can be later-their natural sleep-wake cycle is later

Children produce more melatonin than adults so they sleep longer (levels decrease with age so teens produce a lot too)

Called the 'darkness hormone' or 'dracula of hormones' because it only come out in the dark. the release of this hormone is directly related to sunlight (although indoor lighting can sometimes be bright enought to stimulate it)

Teens produce the 'darkness hormone at around 1 am where as adults produce it at around 10 pm. this hormone makes you get sleepy so teens stay up much later. they naturally stay up later, but need more sleep than adults, so they sleep in half the day.

Chemicals in the Brain: Melatonin

Sleep is very important for a number of reasons..

Learning and memory Metabolism and weight Safety Mood Cardiovascular health Disease

Sleep –Important?

Sleep helps the brain commit new information to memory through a process called memory consolidation. In studies, people who’d slept after learning a task did better on tests later.

Learning and Memory

Chronic sleep deprivation may cause weight gain by affecting the way our bodies process and store carbohydrates, and by altering levels of hormones that affect our appetite.

Metabolism and Weight

Sleep debt contributes to a greater tendency to fall asleep during the daytime. These lapses may cause falls and mistakes such as medical errors, air traffic mishaps, and road accidents.

Safety

Sleep loss may result in irritability, impatience, inability to concentrate, and moodiness. Too little sleep can also leave you too tired to do the things you like to do.

Mood

Serious sleep disorders have been linked to hypertension, increased stress hormone levels, and irregular heartbeat.

Cardiovascular Health

Sleep deprivation alters immune function, including the activity of the body’s killer cells. Keeping up with sleep may also help fight cancer.

Disease

Sleep is critically important to teenagers: The prefrontal cortex is growing New brain cells and neural connections are

growing. these are critical to intelligence, self awareness, and performance.

What you learn during the day (at school, social interaction, etc) is "hardwired" into the brain during REM sleep

Sleep and Teenagers…

When teens cut their sleep time short, not only will they be tired and not pay attention to what they are learning that day, but they will also have a harder time remembering what they learned the day before

Most teens need around 9.5 hours of sleep a night

Most are lucky to sleep 7.5 hours This leads to chronic sleep deprivation

Sleep and Teenagers Cont…

1. Tiredness2. Irritability and nervousness3. Inability to tolerate stress4. Problems with concentration and memory5. Behavioral learning or social problems6. Frequent infections7. Blurred vision8. Rage of discomfort9. Change in appetite10. Lack of tolerance

Symptoms of Sleep Deprevation

This is a global issue for all teenagers who rigorously study in high school, college, and then beyond as adults.

There are many sleeping drugs which are meant to induce sleep if one is sick, cannot sleep, or needs restful sleep.

However, most sleep medications are too hazardous for teenagers, or they require a full amount of sleep averaging 8 hours.

Science is developing many sleep medications, however they tend to be geared towards adults or young children.

Many medications can become addictive or have negative side effects, especially for teenagers whose cognitive cycles are still in development.

How is science working on this already?

NyQuil Sonata Lunesta Ambien Rozerem Doxylamine

Common Sleep Medications

Headaches. Dry mouth. Muscle or joint pain. Changes in appetite or in the way food tastes. Problems with balance or coordination. Confusion and trouble remembering things. Physical problems, such as falling. An allergic reaction. Dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Sleep

problems may get worse when you stop taking the medicine.

In rare cases, people taking these medicines have done activities, such as driving and eating, while still asleep.

Common Side Effects

Often the overdose starts with nausea, stomach pain and sweating. It later progresses to jaundice, intense upper stomach pain and confusion. When acetaminophen is taken in extreme quantities, the symptoms may progress to convulsions, coma and liver failure. An overdose may lead to death without rapid treatment.

Overdose: NyQuil

Overdosing on doxylamine will first lead to extreme drowsiness, dry mouth and dizziness. Seizures may occur after a large overdose. In extreme and rare cases, an overdose of doxylamine can result in secondary acute renal failure.

A threatening overdose of doxylamine would require the patient to ingest large quantities of the drug. However, since it is a depressant, a severe overdose can lead to respiratory failure. Milder overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting and intense hallucinations that could lead to paranoia. If doxylamine is consistently abused, it can cause the user to form lesions on their brain which affects memory, cognitive ability and emotions.

Overdose: Doxylamine

Taken alone, each of these components could have very negative effects on the body. When they are combined--as they are in NyQuil--the user may experience many of the different symptoms associated with each substance. However, since an overdose on acetaminophen is very extreme, the consequences of overdosing on that component are much more dangerous than the rest. An extreme overdose of NyQuil could very easily lead to death due to the acetaminophen in the drug.

Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea, or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (such as confusion, hallucinations), trouble urinating.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but serious side effects occur: fast/irregular heartbeat, seizure.Taking more than the recommended dose of acetaminophen may cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Seek immediate medical attention if you have any of the following symptoms of liver damage: dark urine, persistent nausea/vomiting, stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing eyes/skin.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

Side Effects: NyQuil

Dizziness, drowsiness, short-term memory loss, or lack of coordination may occur, especially during the first 2 hours after you take the medication. Taking the medication properly just before falling asleep will reduce your risk of these effects. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., agitation, seeing/hearing things that are not there, rare thoughts of suicide), unusual behavior.

Rarely, after taking this drug, people have gotten out of bed and driven vehicles while not fully awake ("sleep-driving"). People have also sleepwalked, prepared/eaten food, made phone calls, or had sex while not fully awake. Often, these people do not remember these events. This problem can be dangerous to you or to others. If you find out that you have done any of these activities after taking this medication, tell your doctor immediately. Your risk is increased if you use alcohol or other medications that can make you drowsy while taking zaleplon.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

Side Effects: Sonata

Dizziness, tiredness, or daytime drowsiness may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.


Some people who take sleep medications have reported getting out of bed and sleep-walking, driving, eating, talking on the phone, or doing other activities while not fully awake. Often, they have no memory of these activities. This problem can be dangerous to you or others. If you have or think you have this problem, tell your doctor immediately. Your risk is increased if you use alcohol or other medications that can make you drowsy.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: decreased sexual desire, missed menstrual periods, nipple discharge, difficulty becoming pregnant.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., depression, strange thoughts, thoughts of suicide).

Side Effects: Rozerem

Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, and unpleasant taste may occur. To minimize the risk of falls, remember to get up slowly when rising from a seated or lying position. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

This medication may make you sleepy during the day. Tell your doctor if you have daytime drowsiness. Your dose may need to be adjusted.


Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., worsening depression, hallucinations, agitation, or rare thoughts of suicide), memory problems, loss of coordination, signs of infection (e.g., fever, chills, persistent soar throat).

Rarely, after taking this drug, people have gotten out of bed and driven vehicles while not fully awake ("sleep-driving"). People have also sleepwalked, prepared/eaten food, made phone calls, or had sex while not fully awake. Often, these people do not remember these events. This problem can be dangerous to you or to others. If you find out that you have done any of these activities after taking this medication, tell your doctor immediately. Your risk is increased if you use alcohol or other medications that can make you drowsy while taking eszopiclone.

Side Effects: Lunesta and Ambien

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=885ksPrknwY&context=C4c54a32ADvjVQa1PpcFP-8rDOvQs6RvFIuT52pAcT26VF9Ql-ng0=

The “Passout Patch”




The Passout Patch is a concept idea of a drug patch which allows students to feel rested even when they do not get the full amount of needed sleep.

It is in patch form that way, as opposed to other drugs like Nyquil which require a full 8 hours of sleep, you will not have negative side effects if long amounts of sleep is not achieved.


The Passout Patch is supposed to induce chemicals in the brain like melatonin, that aid in the sleep cycles.

That way, REM sleep is still achieved, and achieved in a greater number of cycles, so that the student can process and hardwire the memories of the day, thus preparing for the next.

The brain will be able to develop the same way, and have dreams which also aid in cognitive development.


Health & Medicine

Group 4 sleep