1.Ch. 15 Stressand HealthSection 1 Sources of Stress

2. Stress Stress- a persons reaction to his or herinability to cope with a certain tense event orsituation. 3. Science of Stress 3:33 4. Components of Stress Stressor- a stress- producing event or situation Stress Reaction - the bodys response to astressor Distress - stress that stems from acute anxietyor pressure Eustress - positive stress, which results frommotivating strivings and challenges 5. Conflict Situation - when a person mustchoose between two or more options thattend to result from opposing motives 6. Appraising a Stressful Situation Primary Appraisal immediate evaluation of asituation irrelevant, positive, negative Secondary Appraisal pick coping strategy 7. Appraising Stress 10 min 8. Cell Phone WWYD 6min 9. Environmental Stressors an external form of astressor that you are exposed to Crowd Noise Crowding Smell Light Pollution 10. Life Changes and Stress 11. Hassles smallannoyances thatif isolated will not producesignificant stress 12. Section 2 Reactions to Stress Stress will be reacted to if intense/prolonged Nature vs. Nurture Varies by person/culture 13. Fight or Flight the bodies default response to aperceived threat or danger Autonomic Nervous System controls this Sympathetic (speeds up) Parasympathetic slows down 14. General Adaptation Syndrome Information 15. Emotional andCognitive Responses Short-term psychological stress reactions Anxiety vague, generalized apprehension orfeelings of danger Anger irate reaction likely to result fromfrustration Fear usual reaction when a stressor involvesreal or imagined danger 16. BehavioralReactions Maladaptive coping behaviors such as using alcohol and drugs to escape problems. Adaptive coping involves direct confrontation of problems, realistic appraisals, recognizing and modifying unhealthy responses 17. Physical Reactions General Adaptation Syndrome, Autonomic NS 18. Factors Influencing Reactions to Stress Personality, Perceived Control, Social Support 19. Personality Differences Type A vs. Type B EmotionalExpressiveness Internalize orexternalize stress 20. Perceived Control over Stressors Predictable Stress better than Unpredictable Effect on Jobs employees need to believethey have a say in what is going on W.I. Thomas Theorem - What is perceived asreal is real in its consequences 21. Social Support Information 22. Social Support Emotional concerned listening/affection Appraisal Interactive, sort out (Socratic Method) Informational stressed person responds/solutions Instrumental direct help (money, bed, car, etc) 23. Section 3 Coping with Stress 24. Psychological Coping Strategies Cognitive Appraisal interpreting event determine stress impact 25. Defensive Coping Strategies Denial - a coping mechanism in which a persondecides that the event is not really a stressor Intellectualization - a coping mechanism in whichthe person analyzes a situation from anemotionally detached viewpoint. 26. Active Coping Strategies Doing something to fix, deal with or avoid astressful situation (Adaptive Coping ifpositive, maladaptive coping if negative) 27. Hardiness ability to not give up Traits Control, Commitment, Challenge 28. Controlling Stressful SituationsEscape/Withdrawal Controlling Exposure toStressorsProblem Solving Confronting situation headon/rational analysis Leads to decision making 29. Explanatory Style Optimists people who see thecircumstances they are in positively Pessimists people who see thecircumstances they are in negatively Seligman Baseball Players analyzed post game comments, codedthem optimists lived longer 30. Relaxation Control PhysiologicalResponses to Stress 31. Progressive Relaxation Lying down, tensing and relaxing each muscle 32. Meditation Focusing attention to clear mind = inner peace 33. Biofeedback Learning to control bodily states with machines 34. Humor 35. Exercise Adrenalin andCortisol Fight orFlight 36. Support Groups/Professional Help Alcoholics Anonymous Weight Watchers Accountability Groups 37. Training Practicingspeaking, playinggolf, mock interviews 38. Improving Interpersonal Skills 39. Section 4 Stress in Your Life 40. Autonomy Ability to take care ofoneself and make onesown decisions Decisions, valuesystem, worldview, responsibility, etc 41. Choosing College College Shock Peter Madison(1969) College students high/unrealisticexpectationsinitially 42. Sources of Change (in college) Challenge Identity Greater Diversity Developmental Friendships 43. Developmental Friendships Friends force on another to reexamine theirbasic assumptions and perhaps adopt newideas and beliefs. Ex. Eric and Samir 44. Coping with Change Focusing on goals, work harder through doubt Going through motions 45. Resynthesis Combining old ideas with new ones andreorganizing feelings in order to renew onesidentity. Resynthesis (example changing majorsmany times) 46. Working Variety of Challenges, Rewards in Working 47. Work Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction 5 Major Sources of Work Satisfaction1. Resources tools to do the job well2. $$$ - includes income, benefits, security3. Challenge4. Relations with coworkers5. Comfort (conditions, commute, physical aspects) 48. Changing Careers Retire then start new career Good economy = less satisfaction = more change Bad economy = more satisfaction = less change 49. Careers A vocation in which a person works at least a few years 50. Comparable Worth the concept that womenand men (and all people)should receive equal payfor jobs calling forcomparable skill andresponsibility. People (consciously orunconsciously) comparetheir career to others Can be a source of greatdissatisfaction