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Copyright - Adapted from Glencoe - McGraw-Hill
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PART B6
The Muscular System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential
Skeletal muscles must be stimulated by a motor neuron (nerve cell) to contract
Motor unit—one motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells stimulated by that neuron
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential
Neuromuscular junction
Association site of axon terminal of the motor neuron and muscle
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential
Figure 6.5a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential
Synaptic cleft
Gap between nerve and muscle
Nerve and muscle do not make contact
Area between nerve and muscle is filled with interstitial fluid
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Nerve Stimulus and Action Potential
Figure 6.5b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Transmission of Nerve Impulse to Muscle
Neurotransmitter—chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse
The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle is acetylcholine (ACh)
Acetylcholine attaches to receptors on the sarcolemma
Sarcolemma becomes permeable to sodium (Na+)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Transmission of Nerve Impulse to Muscle
Sodium rushes into the cell generating an action potential
Once started, muscle contraction cannot be stopped
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction
Activation by nerve causes myosin heads (cross bridges) to attach to binding sites on the thin filament
Myosin heads then bind to the next site of the thin filament and pull them toward the center of the sarcomere
This continued action causes a sliding of the myosin along the actin
The result is that the muscle is shortened (contracted)
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction
Figure 6.7a–b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Effect of Exercise on Muscles
Exercise increases muscle size (by increasing muscle fiber size, NOT increasing # of muscle fibers), strength, and endurance
Aerobic (endurance) exercise (biking, jogging) results in stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue
Makes body metabolism more efficient
Improves digestion, coordination
Resistance (isometric) exercise (weight lifting) increases muscle size and strength
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Effect of Exercise on Muscles
Figure 6.11
