Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary SystemAbbreviationsPresentation 9

By: Latoyska Howard

Abbreviations

BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen CATH – Catheterization UTI – Urinary Tract Infection U/A, UA – Urinalysis ARF – Acute Renal Failure

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

A diagnostic blood test that measures the kidney functions by the level of nitrogenous waste (urea) that’s in the blood

Urea Made in the liver Made when protein is broken down in the body Made in the liver and passed through in the urine

BUN Testing

BUN test is done to see how well your kidneys are functioning. Test how well, your kidneys pass blood

through UreaToo much Urea BUN levels will rise.

Heart failure, liver disease, high protein diets can cause this as well.

Pregnancy usually causes low Bun levels

BUN/ Creatinine Test

Creatinine A waste product formed by the breakdown of

substance creatine. Converts food into energy Filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and then passed out

by the urine. helps determine how well your kidneys are working.

BUN and Creatinine ratio easier to check for problems in the kidneys.

Such as: Dehydration and other issues that can cause kidney failure.

CATH (Catheterization)

Catheterization: A insertion of a tube through the urethra and

into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye.

Catheterization

Used to drain the bladder Long term or short term use, such as:

Unable to control urine Leakage of the bladder, And medical illness that causes weakness of the

bladder Different sizes and materials

Small, large Latex, silicone and Teflon

Three types of Catheters

Indwelling catheter Short term or long term Attaches to the drainage bag to catch urine

Condom catheter Used in elderly men Placed around the penis area Changed every day

Intermittent catheter Short term Used when urine is not able to be controlled at a short period

time.

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)

Infection, of the urinary system such as bladder and kidneys. Bacteria or foreign objects in the urinary system.

Common in women and children. Most UTI’s are bladder infections

Not serious if treated right away Untreated can spread to your kidneys and cause

damage Treated able with antibiotics

Causes of a UTI

Germs (bacteria) found in the stool and can travel to your bladder and kidney to cause and infection.

Urethra Women have shorter Urethras than men, causing them to have

more infections Having intercourse

Makes it easier for germs to enter Not drinking enough fluids Pregnancy Diabetes

Symptoms of a UTI

Pain or burning during urination Frequency of urination Urine smells bad and cloudy Pain in the back or under the rib cage area Fever, chills, nausea and vomiting Weak immune system

How UTI’s Can be prevented

Drink lots of fluids (water) Cranberry juice

Don’t hold your urine Urinate right after having intercourse

U/A,UA (Urinalysis)

Lab test that consists of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine.

U/A: Urine Test

Checks the different components of urine Waste product made

by the kidneys

Cause of symptoms Gives information

about a persons health and condition

What Does a Urinalysis Test

Color Clarity Odor Specific gravity

How the kidney balances water PH Protein Glucose Ketones And many more microscopic test

ARF (Acute Renal Failure)

Kidneys have stopped working and are unable to balance water, salt and minerals in your blood.

When kidneys stops working there is a build of waste and fluids products that can be damaging to ones body.

Causes of ARF

Three main causesSudden drop in blood flow to the kidneysDamage from poisons, medicines, no fluids

and infectionsBlockage from allowing urine to flow from the

kidneys.

Causes of ARF

Drop in blood flow to the kidneys Heavy blood loss Dehydration

Lack of fluids (water, cranberry juice) Injury to the kidney(s) Infection of the kidney

Greater chance to get ARF if: Older adult Long term health problems

Diabetes, kidney disease, liver, obesity, and heart failure. Transplant or serious surgery

Causes of ARF

Damage from poisons, medicines, no fluids and infections Medicines that can cause kidney failure

Antibiotics Pain medicines Dyes used in x-rays

Blockage from allowing urine to flow from the kidneys. Kidney stones Tumor Injury Enlarged prostate (men)

Symptoms

Nausea Little or no urine when urinating No appetite Restless, anxiety, anxious Pain in the back and below the rib cage (kidneys

are located) Its very important to note that everyone is

different and some people may not have symptoms.