UNDP_Energy Audits_2015

Energy AuditsMarko Capek

Table of contents

IntroAn Energy

Audit in segments

Measurement

The Energy Efficiency measures

Intro

An Energy Audit represents an overview of the energy and water consumption of a building from the collected and processed data related to the consumption of all energy and water consumption systems in order to assess the potential for possible energy efficiency measures and savings.

Intro

Energy Efficiency means reducing energy and water consumption but keeping or improving the working conditions, quality of service or production process.

Intro

Reducing the energy and water consumption costs leads to decreasing of the product / service price and thus becoming more competitive on the market.

Intro

An Energy Audit in segments

An Energy Audit in segments

An Energy Audit in segments – the Prep

• Introductory meeting with the administration

and head of maintenance services

• The initial questionnaire!

• Data collection

• Discussion and processing

• Meeting with the head office of the institution


EMS:

• policy for more efficient use of energy?

• targets and objectives to meet the policy?

• gathering data?

• measuring the results?

• reviewing the effectiveness of the policy?

• continually improve energy management?

• end results?


EMS:


In the Prep one should have gathered the info

about:

•The contact person, the basic building

characteristics, the energy and water used, the

systems which use them, what do they think and

what are there plans?


Additional data gathered:

•Energy and water consumption for last 3

years plus the last years available months,

•All the available project documentation

An Energy Audit in segments – the Visit

A detective approach?


•The EA team should be prepared well,

•Equipment checked,

•A plan for the audit and a plan for the

measurements should be done,

•The client should be informed.


Building envelope:


Building envelope data required:

•Surfaces and sizes, orientation and building

characteristics (roof, floors, windows, walls etc.)

•The working schedule of the building, the

number of workers

•The heated and cooled area or volume

•The referent climatic data


Heating system:


Heating system:


Heating system data required:

•The characteristics of the heating system, the boiler, the

distribution system and the medium, the heating elements

(radiators etc.)

•Working schedule, power and efficiency, regulation,

maintenance

•Hydraulic balance of the system,

•Connection to other systems (DHW or steam)


Domestic hot water system:


Domestic hot water (DHW) system data required:

•The characteristics of the DHW system, the distribution system

and the medium

•Working schedule, power and efficiency, regulation,

maintenance

•Connection to other systems (connection to heating system,

connection to alternative systems, etc.)


The cooling, ventilation and airconditioning system:


The cooling, ventilation and airconditioning system:


Cooling, ventilation and airconditioning system data required:

•The characteristics of the systems, the distribution system and the

medium, the cooling/ventilation elements (convectors, fans, etc.)

•Working schedule, power and efficiency, regulation, maintenance

•Split systems,

•Connection to other systems (cooling, refridgeration, etc.)


The other electricity consumption system:


The other electricity consumption system:


The electricity consumption system data required:

• Indoor and outdoor lighting system, number of

lamps, power, operating hours

•All other usual and specific equipment, power,

operating hours

•Overall efficiency, regulation and maintenance


Alternative energy production systems (renewables):


The Alternative energy production systems data

required:

• Installed power, energy production, connection

to building, purpose, connection to distribution

system

•Overall efficiency, regulation and maintenance


Water supply system:


The water supply system data required:

• Pressure control system?

• Number and type of water sources and end-user

appliances

• Alternative water sources?

• Is there any water running when noone is using it?

An Energy Audit in segments – the Analytics

Q''H,nd,ref kWh/(m2a)Calculated

129

15

250

> 250

200

150

100

50

25

A+

GFEDCBA


Things to do:

• Analyse all energy and water bills data and make a

referent consumption

• Make energy and cost balance

• Make balance for each type of energy and water

• Compare the calculated energy demand with

the referent consumption!


Energy balance

Electricity45.6%

Natural gas

54.4%


Cost balance

Electricity52.1%

Natural gas32.1%

Water15.8%


Electricity consumption balance

Heating system (pumps etc.)

36.2%

Boilers for DHW4.7%

Indoor lighting20.8%

Outdoor lighting1.0%

Kitchen appliances2.0%

Office equipment30.8%

Electromotor for elevators3.4%

Other1.2%


Electricity consumption balance of lighting system

Fluorescent lighting with electronic ballast

47.8%Fluorescent lighting with magnetic ballast

23.0%

Fluocompact bulbs21.9%

Incandescent bulbs0.9%

Halogen bulbs1.2%

Highpressure mercury lamps0.3%

Halogen lamps - Outdoor3.5%

Fluorescent lamps - Outdoor1.3%


Heating energy balance (for example natural gas)4%

75%

2%

19%

Heating (convectors)Heating (radiators)Heating distribution lossesBoiler losses


Water consumption balanceToilets28.6%

Taps14.3%Kitchen

24.6%

Other3.5%

Car wash17.7%

Losses11.2%


Analytics of energy and water consumption

Siječanj

Veljača

Ožujak

Travanj

Svibanj

Lipanj

Srpanj

Kolovoz

Rujan

Listopad

Studeni

Prosinac

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

0

100

200

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500

600

700

Months

Ele

ctr

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y[k

Wh

]

Po

wer[

kW

]



Sije

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Velja

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Ožu

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anj

Lipa

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Kolo

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List

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Stud

eni

Pros

inac

0

50

100

150

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250

300

350

400

450

Months

Natu

ral

gas [

MW

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Pros

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200

400

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800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Months

Wate

r co

nsu

mp

tio

n [

m3

]


Problems and errors – not exact balance


Problems and errors – ruptures in water dist. system


Problems and errors – consumption during night

An Energy Audit in segments – the AnalyticsImportant: The calculated and the real energy use

The calculated heating

demand (from software)

105.000 kWh

The real natural gas consumption

(data form bills)

156.000 kWh 123.000 kWh

The real heating energy

consumption – excluding heating

system losses, consumption in

kitchen, for DWH etc.

Measurement

Measurement

Easy:

• Temperature and humidity

• Surface and sizes of building envelope (laser

distance meter)

• Lux measurement (luxmeter)

• Electricity data (active and reactive power, energy,

power factor etc.

Measurement

Not so easy:

• Thermo camera (thermography)

• Water pressure and consumption (ultrasound)

• Ventilation losses, air penetration (blower door test)

• Boiler efficiency measurment (direct and indirect, waste

gasses etc.)

• Measurement of building envelope heating conduction

Measurement

Measurement

Nighttime water consumption (0,7 liters / second)

Measurement



• The EE measures should be calculated according to

referent energy consumption (real consumption from

energy and water bills)

• The EE measures are technically, ecologicaly,

economically evaluated

• The EE measures are calculated transparent

• The EE measures are calculated according to local norms and

laws

The Energy Efficiency measures – the List

EE measures can be:

Active Passive


Energy Management SystemExample: Water loss and savings example


EE in the building envelope:

• thermal insulation in floors, walls, roofs

• more efficient windows, doors and glazing

• EE in interior

• reduction of ventilation losses


Introduction of renewables:

• solar (thermal and PV) and wind

• biomass

• alternative water sources

• etc.


EE in the heating system:

• changing of energy, using waste heat

• centralization of the system

• changing the boiler, EE in the generation and

distribution system and heating bodies

• EE in regulation

• EE in auxiliary systems (pumps etc.)


EE in the cooling system:

• changing of energy, using waste heat for ap(d)sorption

• centralization of the system

• changing the equipoment, EE in the generation and

distribution system and convectors

• EE in regulation

• EE in energy storage (ice bank)


EE in the ventilation/airconditioning system:

• changing of working parameters

• hydraulic balancing

• automatization

• EE in auxilary equipment (pumps, ventilators etc.)

• thermal insulation of distribution system


EE in the other electricity consumption system:

• changing the tariff model

• power management (if max. power beside energy is

paid too)

• reactive power compensation


EE in the other electricity consumption system:

• indoor and outdoor lighting (cleaning the luminaries,

changing the ballasts, changing the bulbs, EE in

regulation)

• EE in electromotors (changing, frequency regulation)

• EE measures in other specific system (change, better

efficiency, regulation, maintenance etc.)


EE in the water consumption system:

• pressure regulation

• alternative water sources (rain water etc.)

• EE in distribution and end-user system (pipes, taps,

toilets, showers etc.)

The Energy Efficiency measures – the Final evaluation

• EE measures should be given separate, with the results

as no other EE measure will be implemented

• EE measures should be commented with the chronology

of implementation

• Some EE measures should be given in interdependence

What after?

What after?

What after?

• ESCO

• EE projects

• Monitoring and verification

• Energy Management System

Thank you for your attention.

Marko Capek,

Energy audits, Measurement and verification,Sustainable Energy Management

[email protected]@undp.org

mailto:[email protected]






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UNDP_Energy Audits_2015