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EN AMERICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY AQUEDUCTS PROJECT Sustainable development and measures for drinking water through the Public-Communal Alliance Model PROYECTO ACUEDUCTOS COMUNITARIOS SOSTENIBLES Desarrollo sostenible y gestión de agua potable mediante el Modelo de Alianzas Público Comunitarias ROBERTO RAMOS PAGÁN, MBA Special Assistant Secretary of State of Puerto Rico and Manager of Project Sustainable Community Aqueduct January 15, 2015 SUMMARY Nearly 200 thousand people in Puerto Rico lack access to safe drinking water. Some 247 rural aqueducts, located in 45 out of the 78 municipalities that conform the Island, serve them. These aqueducts are spread through throughout the mountainous and most remote parts of the country. They are rural systems, managed by small groups of citizens mostly composed of older adults, with limited education and economic resources. Until now, the Government’s relationship with these communities was limited to been a regulatory and investigating agent, for what citizens tend to view government with mistrust. Nearly 50% of these community water delivery systems do not provide any kind of water treatment or sampling. They face limited water production due to ruptures, lack of maintenance, economic needs, and little organization, as well as for lacking legal status. Only 8.1% of these community aqueducts have a certified operator, and a large proportion of the people served don’t pay for the water they consumed, which means that 8.1 million gallons of water are extracted from rivers or wells without any regulation at all. Faced with this situation, and with the purpose of strengthening the communities, by means of an Executive Order, the Governor of Puerto Rico has just created, together with the Department of State, the Sustainable Community Aqueducts Project [EO 2014-041, Sustainable Community Aqueducts Project]. KEY TERMS: Community Organization, Empowerment, Public Communal Alliance, Sustainability CONFERENCIA ANUAL ONU - AGUA ZARAGOZA 2015 PRESENTACION ANTE LA SESION REGIONAL ESPECIAL ASEGURANDO UNA GESTION DE AGUA SOSTENIBLE PARA TODOS Director Ejecutivo Proyecto Acueductos Comunitarios Sostenibles Departamento de Estado de Puerto Rico Dirección: P.O. Box 9023271 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00902-3271 Email: [email protected]

LAC Session: Roberto Ramos, Special Assistant Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, 15th January UN Water Zaragoza Conference 2015

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Page 1: LAC Session: Roberto Ramos, Special Assistant Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, 15th January UN Water Zaragoza Conference 2015

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E N A M E R I C A L AT I N A Y E L C A R I B E

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY AQUEDUCTS PROJECT

Sustainable development and measures for drinking water through the Public-Communal Alliance Model

PROYECTO ACUEDUCTOS COMUNITARIOS SOSTENIBLES

Desarrollo sostenible y gestión de agua potable mediante el Modelo de Alianzas Público Comunitarias

ROBERTO RAMOS PAGÁN, MBA

Special Assistant Secretary of State of Puerto Rico and Manager of Project Sustainable

Community Aqueduct January 15, 2015

SUMMARY

Nearly 200 thousand people in Puerto Rico lack access to safe drinking water. Some 247 rural aqueducts, located in 45 out of the 78 municipalities that conform the Island, serve them. These aqueducts are spread

through throughout the mountainous and most remote parts of the country. They are rural systems, managed by small groups of citizens mostly composed of older adults, with limited education and economic resources. Until now, the Government’s relationship with these communities was limited to been a

regulatory and investigating agent, for what citizens tend to view government with mistrust. Nearly 50% of these community water delivery systems do not provide any kind of water treatment or sampling. They face

limited water production due to ruptures, lack of maintenance, economic needs, and little organization, as well as for lacking legal status. Only 8.1% of these community aqueducts have a certified operator, and a large proportion of the people served don’t pay for the water they consumed, which means that 8.1 million

gallons of water are extracted from rivers or wells without any regulation at all. Faced with this situation, and with the purpose of strengthening the communities, by means of an Executive Order, the Governor of

Puerto Rico has just created, together with the Department of State, the Sustainable Community Aqueducts Project [EO 2014-041, Sustainable Community Aqueducts Project].

KEY TERMS: Community Organization, Empowerment, Public Communal Alliance, Sustainability

CON F E RE N CI A AN U AL ON U -AGU A

ZARAG O Z A 2015 P R E S E N T A C I O N A N T E L A S E S I O N R E G I O N A L E S P E C I A L

ASEGURAN DO UNA GESTION DE AGUA SOSTENIBLE PARA TODOS

Director Ejecutivo Proyecto Acueductos Comunitarios Sostenibles Departamento de Estado de Puerto Rico

Dirección: P.O. Box 9023271 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00902-3271 Email: [email protected]

Page 2: LAC Session: Roberto Ramos, Special Assistant Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, 15th January UN Water Zaragoza Conference 2015

In order to promote the development and sustainability of the communities, a change in

Government roles has been necessary. The Government has historically marked the pace of

these communities by means of bureaucratic procedures, mostly beyond the understanding of most citizens, which impose a heavier economic

load on the small communal water systems. However, with the establishment of public

policies designed to take into consideration the present community necessities, this model has changed nowadays.

The Sustainable Community Aqueducts Project launched from the Puerto Rico Department of

State, pretends to break away from the Government dependency cycle, guaranteeing adequate management of the water systems and

drinking water distribution by residents themselves. We seek to create a fixed equilibrium

between revenues and expenses in the aqueducts management in order to accomplish the system’s sustainability. We are also introducing mediation

tools that will help reduce the constant state of conflict among the communities’ residents, while

helping to optimize the systems’ operations through the careful consideration of the project’s main aspects:

1. The Government’s expressed support for the project, from the Governor to the agencies’

directors. This becomes evident with the Executive Order’s approval, as well as with the creation of the Puerto Rico Community

Aqueducts Organization and Compliance Special Committee.

2. The Mayors’ pledge to play a more supporting role for the citizen by limiting its function to that of a facilitator.

3. A constant influx of information among the Government agencies, thus eliminating

double discourse and isolated initiatives.

4. Constant participation of community actors during the whole project. The Government

may suggest and guide, and the community adopts measures that are in tune with the

situation established together with the community and the moment of settling the system’s operational and administrative

profile.

5. Government and community availability of the economic resources and capital needed

for this endeavor.

6. The community, voluntarily and by means

of mutual understandings, accepts the projects conditions, and maintains the right to withdraw from such understandings, with

the knowledge, however, that all the benefits already accomplish will be lost by means of

the following scholarship system which includes, but is not limited to:

a. Support to the community

aqueduct’s process of incorporation as a legal entity.

b. Development and delivery of an Administrative and Operational Guide for each system.

c. Construction of an administrative reorganization and state of affairs

based in real revenues and expenses.

d. Design and application of

corporate bylaws that define the role of each member of the

Administrative Board, as well as the procedures to be followed for the proper system’s administration

and community integration.

e. Support during the community’s

organizations summons and elections of leaders by means of residents’ assemblies.

f. Chemical and bacteriological laboratories up to a maximum of

$3,000 a year.

g. Training and free exams for certifying drinking water system

operators.

h. Training on sampling and delivery

of equipment for measuring chlorine levels and water cloudiness, as well as training on

environmentally friendly materials for the communities.

i. Chlorine equipment and chlorine tablets.

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j. Delivery of water consumption equipment for customers, and

training for their reading and for billing.

k. Water delivery capacity analysis

and system optimization that guarantees the adequate delivery

of water while protecting the well’s useful life.

l. Lower electric bill.

m. Direct support and coordination of meeting with Government

personnel for Government agency’s procedures.

n. Government investment in

infrastructure improvement.

These benefits are part of the project’s first two

phases. The third phase will imply the use of Public-Communal Alliances, for which available capital from the government and the communities

is needed. The availability of such capital makes the establishment of a collaborative agreement

between governmental and community sectors all the more possible. In order to drive forward this social investment and governmental-communal

model certain control parameters must be used. The possibility of establishing a Public-

Communal Alliance guarantees the work’s effective development and allows for communal participation throughout all the project’s stages. In

order to put these alliances on the right path, it is necessary for the communities to count on

investment capital present in at least 4 of the following 6 communal investment methods:

First step: Applying the Six Communal

Investment Methods (CIM)

1. Guarantee through economic contribution

for the project from 1 to 10% of the total work’s cost.

2. Human capital contribution through a

voluntary enlistment.

3. Contribution of non-tangible goods, such

as the historical memory and contribution of community knowledge about the system.

4. Contribution through human capital availability for training and employment.

5. Financial and administrative organization of the system and legal entity.

6. Contractual disposition for the agreement

by the aqueduct’s Administrative Board.

25% of the project’s value for each mode of

investment will be granted, considering that the higher the Government’s contribution is, higher will also be the community’s investment in the

project. The contributions must add to least a 100% of contribution to be considered as

community investment, within the parameters of the project’s conceptual viability. In order to achieve the project’s Conceptual Viability, the

community must possess 50% of contribution through Communal Interest and Necessity (CIN)

and Communal Investment (CInv). This contribution is established at the project’s first and second phases, and are a combination of the

administrative and operational profile, and the Six Communal Investment Methods. On the other

hand, the remaining 50% of contribution for creating the Public-Communal Alliance model comes from the Government and/or the private

enterprises, by combining the Governmental Interest (GI), and the availability of resources for

Public and/or Private Investment (PInv), that range from contributions of seed capital to full 100% investment or financing. The sum of all

these variable contributions make the

Project’s Conceptual Viability (PCV), whose

purpose is to create the necessary elements that guarantee the effort and investment’s sustainability.

Second Step: Applying the Project’s

Conceptual Viability Formula

(Variables)

1. Communal Interest and Necessity (CIN)

2. Governmental Interest (GI)

3. Public and/or Private Investment (PInv)

4. Communal Investment (CInv)

CIN+GI+PInv+Cinv= Project’s Conceptual

Viability PCV

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Determining factors of the parties’

contribution

The Conceptual Viability of the Project can be considered in existence once 100% of the parties’ contributions have been completed:

1. A fluctuating community interest or necessity between 25% and 50%, expressed

through the administrative and operative profile, polls, or community assemblies, using the face to face method.

2. Public interest established by the Government’s intention to invest,

demonstrated by creating legislation, executive orders, appointments, assignments, or any other method for

developing the project.

3. Public and/or private investment is based on

the project’s economic necessities, and may vary according to the system’s needs.

4. Community investment is expressed in 50%

of the project’s total cost, based on the communal interest and investment

combination method.

Once the Project’s Conceptual Viability has been established, the conditions are met for developing

the alliance between the parties and the project itself. The Public-Communal Alliance model

(PCA), allows the community to enjoy not only a tangible project, but also the recognition of their project at its completion, in a public ceremony,

through a certification given by the Government, which states that the system is a sustainable one.

This accomplishment, and the concept of government-citizen alliance crystallized, the tangible elements of knowledge and citizen

empowerment are left immersed in the community, ready to establish and make possible:

1. The sense of belonging 2. A tangible citizen’s interest 3. Sectorial inclusion

4. Integration of community players 5. Control and planning of the project

6. Operational knowledge of the project 7. Space and time empowerment 8. Durability and care of the project

9. Administrative sustainability

10. Communal autonomy 11. Business gestation and crystallization

12. Supervision and auditability 13. Generational transfer 14. Historic memory

15. Communal participation 16. Sectorial and governmental respect

17. Collective development 18. Wealth participation 19. Cooperative development

20. Job creation and sustainability 21. Organized volunteering

22. Collective empathy and understanding

The sustainable development of communities

through the drinking water approach might be closer than others. The communal-Public Alliance

model allows the collective interest to catalyze in favor of the common good and of the communities’ solidarity. It allows not only to

aspire to the local production of goods and services, but also to be a source of job

opportunities and citizen’s participation. It also allows the Government to lower its recurring spending, and concentrate in other service areas

such as sanitation, health, security, and education, among others. For this purpose, we are also

concentrating efforts in guaranteeing that the communities can count on a national organization, which will substitute public assistance or

intervention through a non-governmental organization (NGO) that is part of a government-

citizen alliance. This organization will be created entirely by the members of the community boards that manage the sustainable community

aqueducts, and will serve to guarantee the future sustainability of all the systems.

As you can see, the systems necessities tend to be the same regardless of the region they are in. The search of community sustainable development has

a bigger chance of being successful when the unity of purpose element is present. This is the

case with drinking water, which is just as necessary for everyone, regardless of his or her economic level. The community actors understand

this, and for them nothing is more important than the community aqueduct. Battling against poverty

from poverty is one of the biggest human challenges, but even more so is the challenge to fight against it when it is accepted as the only

living condition. The unity of purpose among

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nations, as well as the exchange of information through accords and alliances between them,

makes it possible to replicate the efforts made in the countries we represent. Keeping a constant line of communication and information exchange

will allow us to create a resource and information bank, together with a great tool box for pushing

forward sustainable development in the communities, as well as positive action for safe drinking in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Thank you very much

PR OYECTO

ACUED UCTOS COM UN ITAR IOS

S OS TEN IB LES D ES AR R OLLO

S OS TEN IB LE Y GES TIÓN D E AGUA

POTAB LE

M ED IAN TE EL M OD ELO D E

ALIAN ZAS PÚ B LICO

COM UN ITAR IAS

En Puerto Rico cerca de 200 mil personas no tienen acceso a agua potable segura. Son 247 los acueductos rurales localizados en 45 de los 78

municipios que forman la isla. Estos acueductos están distribuidos en las zonas montañosas y más

remotas del país. Son sistemas rurales administrados por pequeños grupo de ciudadanos en su mayoría adultos mayores, con limitados

recursos económicos.

Cerca del 50% de los sistemas no brindan ningún tipo de tratamiento o no hay frecuencia en la realización de muestras al agua. Muchos

enfrentan limitada producción de agua debido a roturas, falta de mantenimiento, necesidad

económica y poca organización. Solo el 8.1% de los acueductos comunitarios cuentan con un operador certificado y gran cantidad de abonados

no pagan por el agua consumida. A diario 8.1 millón de galones de agua se extraen de ríos y

pozos sin medidas de control. Existen cerca de 26,340 niños en 21 escuelas públicas localizadas en comunidades que carecen de agua potable

segura.

En Puerto Rico la producción de agua potable y manejo sanitario es de dominio público. Es la

Autoridad de Acueductos y Alcantarillados la corporación responsable de lograr una cobertura de cerca del 98% en agua potable y cerca del 46%

en alcantarillado sanitario. A pesar del gran avance existen miles que aún carecen de agua

potable segura y alcantarillado sanitario.

Lograr cerrar la brecha de desigualdad entre áreas

urbanas y rurales requiere el compromiso de todo el aparato gubernamental. Tal compromiso fue

emitido por el Gobernador de Puerto Rico, Honorable Alejandro García Padilla mediante la Orden Ejecutiva que elevo a política pública los

esfuerzos del Secretario de Estado Honorable David Bernier Rivera al crear el Proyecto de

Acueductos Comunitarios Sostenibles.

Su propósito impulsar la sostenibilidad y

autogestión comunitaria logrando un necesario cambio de roles en el gobierno. Históricamente se

había marcado el paso de las comunidades a mediante trámites burocráticos incomprendidos por los ciudadanos que en muchos casos imponía

una carga económica mayor a los pequeños sistemas de agua comunal.

Mediante este proyecto aspiramos a romper el círculo de la dependencia gubernamental creando

un adecuado equilibrio entre ingresos y gastos que permite lograr sostenibilidad en el sistema.

Desarrollamos e implementamos en la marcha herramientas de intervención que contribuyen a reducir el constante estado conflictivo en las

comunidades. Tal esfuerzo ha requerido la consideración de varios aspectos medulares:

1. Voluntad expresa del gobierno desde el

Gobernador hasta los Jefes de las Agencias.

Esto los observamos con la aprobación de la Orden Ejecutiva que además crea el Comité

Especial para la Organización y Cumplimiento de los Acueductos Comunitarios en Puerto Rico.

2. Compromiso de los Alcaldes para sustituir el

rol asistencialista por uno de facilitadores comunitarios.

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3. Intercambio constante de información entre agencias de gobierno eliminando el doble

discurso y las iniciativas aisladas.

4. Participación constante de los actores

comunitarios durante todo el proyecto.

5. Disponibilidad de recursos económicos y capital para gestión por parte del gobierno y comunidad.

6. Aceptación y participación voluntaria de la

comunidad durante todas las etapas del proyecto. La comunidad mantienen el derecho a retirarse reconociendo que

perderían los beneficios alcanzables mediante el Programa de Becas, que

incluye pero no se limita al:

a. Apoyo durante la creación del

registro corporativo para el acueducto comunitario como

entidad jurídica.

b. Desarrollo de una Guía

Operacional y Administrativa para los sistemas.

c. Construcción del estado de

situación y reorganización

administrativa del sistema en base a ingresos y gastos reales.

d. Diseño y aplicación de un

reglamento corporativo que

define el rol de la Junta del Acueducto, incluyendo

procedimientos administrativos e integración de los ciudadanos.

e. Laboratorios bacteriológicos y químicos sin costo hasta un

máximo de $3,000 dólares el primer año.

f. Adiestramiento y examen libre de costo como operador del

sistema, así como entrega de equipo para verificar niveles de cloro y turbidez en el agua.

g. Medidores de consumo de agua y adiestramiento para su

lectura y facturación.

h. Capacitación ambiental sobre el

cuidado de los recursos naturales y análisis de

capacidad de suministro de agua para proteja la vida útil del pozo.

i. Bajo costo por consumo

eléctrico.

j. Disponibilidad de presupuesto

del gobierno para mejoras de infraestructura.

Estos beneficios forman parte de las primeras dos fases del proyecto. La tercera fase contempla la

utilización del Modelo de Alianza Público

Comunitaria. En esta etapa se hace necesario

disponer de presupuesto y voluntad gubernamental, así como interés y capital comunitario. Para impulsar este modelo de

inversión social y cooperación gobierno ciudadanía, es necesario la utilización de ciertos

parámetros de control que integran al gobierno y/o empresa privada junto a la comunidad, mediante un esfuerzo combinado 50/50.

En el caso de las comunidades donde

comprendemos los limitados recursos económicos, se aplican consideraciones especiales ante la falta de capital, utilizando 6 parámetros de

sustitución diseñados para evaluar la madurez comunitaria, crear capital y tener sentido de

pertenecía:

Seis Métodos de Inversión Comunitaria

(Parámetros de sustitución de capital mayor)

El Primer paso es la aplicación de los Seis

Métodos de Inversión Comunitaria mediante la tenencia de al menos 4 parámetros de sustitución

tales como: 1. Disponer de una garantía aportada al

proyecto fluctuante entre el 1 al 10% del costo total de la obra.

2. Aportación de capital humano mediante voluntariado organizado.

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3. Aportación de bienes no tangibles

que se define como la memoria histórica de la comunidad en relación al sistema.

4. Aportación mediante disponibilidad

de capital humano para adiestramiento y empleo.

5. Organización administrativa y financiera del sistema e identidad

jurídica legitima.

6. Disposición contractual para la firma

del acuerdo de colaboración entre la Junta Administrativa del Acueducto

y el Gobierno.

Se Otorga un valor de 25 puntos por cada método

de inversión considerando que a mayor aportación, mayor inversión comunitaria al

proyecto. La comunidad debe contar con al menos 100 puntos de aportación para ser considera la tenencia de capital de inversión. Esto permite

adelantar al segundo paso donde aplicamos los parámetros presentes en la Formula de

Viabilidad Conceptual del Proyecto.

El Segundo Paso: Es la Aplicación de la

Formula de Viabilidad Conceptual del

Proyecto

(Variables)

1. Necesidad e Interés Comunitario (NIC)

2. Interés Gubernamental (IG)

3. Inversión Pública y/o Privada (InvP)

4. Inversión Comunitaria (InvC)

NIC+IG+InvP+InvC= Viabilidad Conceptual

VCP

Este es el último paso de evaluación para

establecer las condiciones óptimas que permiten la creación del acuerdo gobierno ciudadanía. En esta segunda etapa la comunidad deberá poseer el 50%

de aportación mediante 2 parámetros. Uno Inversión Comunitaria, dos Necesidad e

Interés Comunitario. La aportación se logra mediante la tenencia de los 100 puntos mínimos resultado de los Seis Métodos de Inversión

Comunitaria. Se añade la necesidad del sistema mediante la información recogida en el perfil

administrativo y operacional que se construye con la comunidad en las fases 1 y 2 del proyecto.

El restante 50% de aportación para establecer

es producto de la aportación del gobierno y/o

empresa privada mediante la consideración combinada de 2 parámetros. Uno el Interés

Gubernamental, dos la disponibilidad de recursos mediante Inversión Pública y/o

Privada. Esta última puede variar desde

aportación de capital semilla hasta el 100% de inversión o financiamiento. La suma de todas las

aportaciones variables forma la Viabilidad

Conceptual del Proyecto contribuyendo a crear los elementos necesarios para hacer del esfuerzo e

inversión una sostenible.

Se considerara la existencia de Viabilidad

Conceptual del Proyecto al alcanzar la suma del 100% de aportación entre las partes. Los

Determinantes de Aportación que contribuyen al desarrollo sostenible del proyecto son los

siguientes: 1. Necesidad o interés comunitario

fluctuante entre el 25% al 50% expresado

mediante el perfil administrativo y operacional, encuestas o asambleas

comunitarias utilizando el método face to face.

2. La Inversión Comunitaria se expresa mediante la aportación a la obra con la

combinación del Método de Inversión

Comunitaria y la Necesidad e Interés

Comunitario que suman el 50% de

aportación.

3. El Interés Público se establece a raíz de la intención del gobierno invertir recursos a través de legislación, órdenes ejecutivas,

asignaciones de presupuesto entre otro.

4. La Inversión Pública y/o Privada representa la aportación económica al proyecto y puede variar en base al estado

de necesidad del sistema.

Una vez establecida la Viabilidad Conceptual

del Proyecto se crean las condiciones adecuadas para la firma del acuerdo de Alianza Público

Comunitaria. Esto permite que las

comunidades sean partícipes de la obra

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mediante ayuda mutua y esfuerzo propio.

Permite combatir el estigma colectivo de la

pobreza, así como la dependencia, cristalizando además él;

1. Sentido de pertenecía e interés

ciudadano tangible 2. Inclusión sectorial e integración de

los actores comunitarios 3. Dominio operacional, planificación

y cuidado de la obra

4. Empoderamiento de espacio y tiempo

5. Sostenibilidad administrativa y autonomía comunitaria

6. Gestación y cristalización

empresarial 7. Fiscalización y auditabilidad

8. Traspaso generacional de la memoria histórica

9. Participación del componente

comunitario 10. Respeto gubernamental y sectorial

11. Desarrollo colectivo y cooperativo 12. Creación y sostenibilidad de

empleos en la comunidad

13. Voluntariado organizado, empatía y comprensión colectiva

El desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades con gestión de agua potable puede estar mucho más

cerca que en otras instancias. El Modelos de

Alianzas Público Comunitarias permite catalizar

el interés colectivo por el bien común y solidario. Permite al gobierno reducir el gasto público recurrente para centrarse en otras áreas de

servicios como lo son el saneamiento, salud, seguridad y educación.

Combatir la pobreza desde la pobreza, es

uno de los retos humanos más grandes, pero

aun mayor es el reto de combatirla cuando es

aceptada como la única condición de vida. La

unidad de propósitos entre naciones, así como el intercambio de información mediante la creación de acuerdos entre los gobiernos, hace posible

extrapolar esfuerzos que hoy disfrutamos solo en los países que representamos. Mantener una línea

de dialogo e intercambio de información constante, nos permitirá crear un banco de recursos e información que nos ayude a impulsar

el desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades y la

gestión de agua potable segura para la América Latina y el Caribe.

Muchas Gracias,