India Sustainability Dialogue

A Report on

India Sustainability Dialogue

The Ecological

Challenge

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Contents

Messages

Executive Summary

Inaugural Session

Insights from the UN Global Compact – Accenture CEO Study on Sustainability 2013

Case Studies on Creating a Sustainable Future: From Products to Supply Chain

Environmental Sustainability in the Automotive Sector by BMW Group

Environmental Sustainabilityin the Banking Sector by YES BANK

Environmental Sustainability in the Chemical Sector by Jubilant Life Sciences Limited

Environmental Sustainability in the Oil and Natural Gas Sector by GAIL (India) Limited

Environmental Sustainability in theReal Estate Sector by Paharpur Business Centre

Recommendations

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We in corporate India are invariably conditioned to hyphenate the term 'increase' with 'better' and 'desirable' such as increased turn - over, increased profits, increased market - cap and the like. However, in context of finding a solution to cussed sustainability issues for planet earth, 'increased' is not really 'better' or even 'desirable' because while problems have increased, solutions have not and hence the immediacy of finding one at the India Sustainability Dialogue.

Sudhir VasudevaPresident, Global Compact Network India and CMD, ONGC

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The success of the BMW Group is attributed to long term thinking and responsible action. Corporate Sustainability is an investment in our future that will keep playing a significant role in the economic success of the Group. Philipp von SahrPresident, BMW Group India

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Messages

Executive Summary

In recent years, carbon dioxide emissions have become a serious environmental concern on a global scale. The concentration has

stincreased markedly in the 21 century, at a rate of 2.0 ppm/yr during 2000–2009 and faster since then. It has risen to 400 ppm (parts per million) as of May 2013, and is projected to go higher in the next decade. Because of their impact on the 'greenhouse effect', which ultimately affects climate change, scientists and individuals around the globe have become increasingly concerned with the environmental distress arising out of the carbon emissions. Human activities are altering the carbon cycle-both by adding more carbon to the atmosphere and by influencing the ability of natural sinks, like forests, to remove carbon from the atmosphere.

While carbon emissions come from a variety of natural sources, human-related emissions are responsible for the increase that has occurred in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. With humanity's march towards 2050, our planet will house a global population of 9 billion with close to 70 per cent living in cities. This massive scale of urbanization is expected to result in doubling of the energy demand by 2050 with close to 75 per cent of total demand arising from developing and emerging economies. Even if our current emissions profile stagnates or

reduces marginally, a 4°C temperature rise with drastic climatic changes is a very realistic possibility. Therefore, it is paramount for us to plan, build and manage a low carbon growth for the world.

Closer home, in the last one year in India there have been two major climate related calamities - Uttarakhand floods in the North and Cyclone Phailin in the South. These calamities have not only uprooted people from their homes and destroyed associated eco-systems but also set back the economic progress of states of Uttarakhand and Odisha by a number of years. Across India, reports showcase that a whopping 65 per cent of the land is degraded in some way, shape or form and the endless government policies do little to curb the damage. Nearly 30 per cent of India's gross agricultural output is lost every year due to soil degradation, poor land management and counterproductive irrigation. Solid waste on the other hand, is causing contamination of water resources and severe air pollution due to the open burning of solid waste. As per the ‘Manual on Solid Waste Management’ prepared by Central Public Health & Environment Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, 0.2-0.6 kg/capita/day of waste is generated in Indian cities.

The government and industries have

recently begun to pay more attention and are assuming an important role in reducing carbon emission by promoting and employing practices that are directed towards sustainability. The 'India Sustainability Dialogue' aimed to understand the challenges and opportunities that the industries face in addressing this issue. The discussion was an attempt to deliberate about the challenges and opportunities that exist to achieve sustainability especially with regard to carbon emissions. The panel represented by wide business sectors such as Banking, Chemical, Real Estate, Oil and Natural Gas, Automotive and the Government examined the Indian and Global industries’ perspectives on the ecological issues of sustainability and ways to counter those challenges.

The dialogue, jointly organised by Global Compact Network India and BMW Group India, served as a platform to discuss on the various dimensions and challenges of sustainability in India. The dialogue also served as a platform where eminent companies addressed the issues of ecological challenges of sustainability faced by them and their industry, and the steps undertaken by them to resolve them.

Industrial operations and their products contribute significantly to environmental pollution, and therefore have a greater responsibility to contribute towards

Across India, reports showcase that a whopping 65 per cent of the land is degraded in some way, shape or form and the endless government policies do little to curb the damage.

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ensuring cleaner production and operational methods. The experts deliberated on the methods to reduce carbon footprint from products to supply chain, understand the challenges in doing so and learn from best practices.

In the Automotive sector, the growing demand of passenger and public transport has led to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According the US Energy Information Administration, India's transportation energy use will grow at about 5.5 per cent a year – significantly higher than the world average of 1.4 per cent per year. Therefore, the automotive companies are required to take stringent measures for low carbon development. BMW Group has been at the forefront of constantly addressing the ecological challenges. BMW i, a sub-brand of BMW, focuses on addressing the sustainability challenges of future mobility. The manufacturing approach for BMW i also endeavors to set new standards

in the use of innovative materials and the cautious use of resources.

Buildings account for 50 per cent of GHG emissions therefore it is necessary for real estate companies to take steps in order to reduce the GHG emissions. With India expected to grow at the rate of 7 to 8 per cent leading to an approximately 80 per cent of growth in physical assets, the Real Estate Sector in India needs to undertake measures to ensure the development of green buildings. Paharpur Business Centre (PBC), one of the pioneer companies with respect to green buildings, came up with practical solutions to address this issue. The Paharpur Business Centre adopted a number of innovative methods to ensure that it contribute minimum to the carbon emissions. The efficient energy, water and waste management techniques and the indoor air quality check carried out regularly within the premises of PBC are some impressive measures taken by PBC to check GHG emissions.

Oil and Natural Gas industry operates in a wide range of activities which create a huge impact on environment. These include operations in oil and gas wells, establishment of processing facilities, operating storage tanks and distribution pipelines etc. The industry is the largest industrial source of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a group of chemicals that contribute to the formation of ground level ozone (smog). One of the premier Oil and Gas Companies, GAIL (India) Limited is working towards contributing to sustainability of the environment through innovations in technology. GAIL (India) Ltd. faced certain managerial and technological challenges but has managed to operate within the framework of environmental sustainability and are making efforts to further lower the CO emissions. Certain significant 2

innovations like 'Sustainability Aspirations 2020', 'Sustainability Governance', and landfill gas projects

The dialogue served as a platform where eminent companies addressed the issues of ecological challenges of sustainability faced by them and their industry, and the steps undertaken by them to resolve them.

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have been put up by GAIL to drive transformation.

Chemical industries account for 8.1 per cent of the total GHG emissions in the country. Jubliant Life Sciences through its project 'Six Sigma', a business excellence project, saves money which is directed towards addressing sustainability challenges. Jubilant Life Sciences also adopted other policies to integrate the sustainability principles, like green supply chain policy, freedom of association policy, climate change mitigation policy, etc. It uses cleaner fuel in the form of biomass in boilers, biodiesel for steam generation and use of waste heat from exothermic processes. It has also adopted new

technologies to increase water recovery, processed hazardous waste in cement factories side by side and used slug water from distilleries for environmental purpose.

Banking sector can help India to achieve large-scale development of clean energy resources to reduce carbon intensity and GHG emissions by prioritising investments in technologies across sectors with low incremental abatement costs and other co-benefits. YES BANK through its focus on climate change and by converting climate change into an opportunity from risk is working towards contributing to saving the environment and attaining sustainability. Their Environment and

Social Policy (ESP) and the Environment Management Policy play a key role in attaining sustainability.

The India Sustainability Dialogue emphasised that equilibrium between sustainability and profitability has to be maintained and the '4 Pillars' of sustainability has to be emphasised irrespective of the nature of one's business or profession. New standards have to be set, attempts needs to be made to bring down the kilo-volts ampere (kVA) and water consumptions and policies need to be revised so that effective contributions by industries could be made to achieve environmental sustainability.

The India Sustainability Dialogue emphasised that equilibrium between sustainability and profitability has to be maintained and the '4 Pillars' of sustainability has to be emphasised irrespective of the nature of one's business or profession.

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Inaugural Session

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Welcoming the guests, Dr. Uddesh Kohli stated that United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) works firstly, to engage companies to work around the Ten Universal Principles of Global Compact and secondly, to commit companies towards the broad UN Goals such as Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and post-2015 Development Agenda. Global Compact Network India (GCNI) also works to strengthen the objectives of UNGC and works to further the mandate of UNGC in India.

Based on the MDGs, various initiatives have been taken up by UNGC which include Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME), Principles of Responsible Investments (PRI), Caring for Climate, Women Empowerment Principles (WEPs), Children's Rights and Business Principles, sustainability etc. Sustainability has become one of the most important features of UN development goals. The Leaders Summit held in September 2013 in New York stressed on the importance of sustainability for the development of post-2015 agenda.

Clubbed with the issue of sustainability, climate change is a

bigger issue, which needs immediate response from governments and private sector. Many companies have taken measures to reduce the carbon footprints in their operations. It is in this context that the ‘Indian Sustainability Dialogue: The Ecological Challenge’, is important, as it would enable us in arriving at solutions on ecological challenges that the companies are facing and measures that are being used to overcome these challenges.

He also emphasised the significance of the event as it brought together GCNI and BMW Group to address key

sustainability challenges and address these collectively.

Sustainability is the result of collective efforts towards a common mandate of achieving objectives that leverage resources and expertise to benefit social, economic and ecological dimension of business and society.

This event is part of a broader initiative to examine opportunities and challenges within Indian companies as they work towards embedding sustainability practices within their ethos and business operations.

Clubbed with the issue of sustainability, climate change is a bigger issue, which needs immediate response from governments and private sector. “ “

Dr. Uddesh Kohli Senior Adviser, United Nations Global Compact, New York

Philipp von SahrPresident, BMW Group India

BMW Group launched sub brand BMW i to make individual mobility truly sustainable. The focus is on developing visionary vehicles and mobility services to address the new requirements of urban mobility. The Group introduced its first battery electric vehicle BMW i3 in 2013 and will launch a plug-in hybrid sports car BMW i8 in 2014.

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Mr. von Sahr started with appreciating the efforts of UNGC in creating a platform to bring together diverse stakeholders for deliberating and working on future sustainability challenges. BWM Group has been an active member since joining the UNGC in 2001.

One of the important focus areas of UNGC is ‘environment’. Climate change, scarcity of natural resources and need for low carbon development are some of the major ecological challenges. Therefore, it becomes imperative for the automotive industry to focus on 'sustainability' as the key driver of business growth.

The success of the BMW Group is attributed to long term thinking and responsible action. The ‘sustainability’ focus of the Group dates back to the year 1973 with the appointment of 'Environmental Protection Officer', the first company in the automotive sector to do so. In the year 2000, the Executive Board passed a resolution making 'sustainability' the guiding principle of the BMW Group's corporate strategy.

BMW Group is the leading provider of 'premium products and premium services' for individual mobility. ‘Premium’ comes with responsibility today and in the future, therefore the meaning of premium goes beyond excellence in products and services and extends to sustainability in all its forms – Ecological, Economic, and Social. The Group follows a holistic sustainability approach that cuts across the value chain from research to recycle.

The Group's sustainability efforts are driven by a comprehensive product responsibility with clear commitment to conserve resources. The ‘Efficient Dynamics’ strategy consistently works on reducing Co emissions of the 2

vehicles without compromising on the sheer driving pleasure that defines BMW. Since the year 1995 the Group has reduced its average CO 2

emissions for the European Union vehicle fleet, by more than 30 per cent. The clean production concept practice aims at reducing energy and water consumption at various manufacturing facilities.

While talking about the future, he emphasised on Electric Mobility strongly influencing the future mobility landscape. BMW Group launched sub brand BMW i to make individual mobility truly sustainable. The focus is on developing visionary vehicles and mobility services to address the new requirements of urban mobility. The Group introduced its first battery electric vehicle BMW i3 in the year 2013 and will launch a plug-in hybrid sports car BMW i8 in the year 2014. The manufacturing approach of BMW i family will set new standards in the use of innovative materials and cautious use of resources.

He talked about the role of various stakeholders in making electric mobility a success. The Government needs to play a significant enabling role by providing the requisite policy support for demand creation, infrastructure development etc. He applauded Indian Government's efforts in formulating the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020.

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Frederika Meijer Representative, United Nations Population Fund, India and Country Director, United Nations Population Fund, Bhutan

Ms. Meijer began her address by stating that environment sustainability is essential to achieve developmental goals, since environmental crisis has a great impact on poor and developing countries. She also stated that environmental sustainability is deeply related to population, poverty and environment. Most environmental problems including climate change are aggravated by population growth and its dynamics.

Population dynamics include not only the changes in population size and age structure, but also trends in migration and urbanisation. These dynamics cannot be ignored while formulating any realistic plans for development of the current and future generation.

She also stated that food and water securities are also increasingly becoming critical issues in many developing countries. The food and agriculture acquisition of the UN estimates that in order to meet the needs of the developed population in the year 2020, the food production has to be doubled. With the ever increasing population, such concerns need to be addressed without delay. She stated that the world population passed the 7 billion mark in the year 2011 and will continue to grow rapidly.

Stabilising this population growth is critical for a sustainable environment. She suggested that free and individual choice of the size of one’s family is the most practical option for slowing population growth. Preventing unwanted pregnancies through family planning is one of the most cost effective ways to preserve the environment. Family planning makes good economic sense too. A dollar spent in family planning can save $2-6 in achieving the MDGs in health, education and environmental sustainability.

In developing countries with high fertility, having healthy and fewer children can reduce the economic burden and environmental demands. Efforts such as empowerment of women, improvement in the social conditions and ensuring universal

access to reproductive health including voluntary family planning, therefore need to be made to reduce population thus contributing to environment population stability.

To avert the huge cost that rapid population growth could have, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is working towards providing full access to voluntary reproductive health service and support, with the agenda to empower young women and people through health, education and employment opportunities that will shape their future.

UNFPA is doing this because it wants to deliver a world, where every pregnancy is wanted, every child birth is saved and all the requirements of young people are fulfilled.

UNFPA is doing this because it wants to deliver a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every child birth is saved and all the requirements of young people are fulfilled.

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Ashok Baran Chakraborty Chief Sustainability Officer, Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India

The Ten Universal Principles of the Global Compact and UN's Millennium Development Goals focus on ensuring environmental sustainability among other goals; this is of critical importance, which should not be sidelined.

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While sustaining the business is one part, sustainable development in terms of reducing the ecological impact and resource intensity throughout the life cycle is another part.

There are quite a few regulatory steps that have been taken towards sustainable development. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has brought out the National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economical Responsibilities of business. A lot, however is required to be done in terms of increasing awareness, understanding and taking active measure in the Monetary, Reportable and Verifying (MRV) mode.

The Ten Universal Principles of the Global Compact and UN's MDGs focus on ensuring environmental sustainability among other goals; this is of critical importance, which should not be sidelined. In his address, he reiterated that the time is right where every action towards sustainable development and growth is required to be undertaken in full spirit for better future.

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Ten principles of the Global Compact are universal in appeal, have depth of inclusion and diversity that best serves as prime indicators of business’ approach and understanding towards sustainable development. He also appreciated the efforts of GCNI in bringing key stakeholders together to discuss, debate and take actions on ecological challenges of sustainability in a holistic manner.

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Bharat Wakhlu Resident Director, Tata Services Limited

Mr. Wakhlu in his inaugural address laid stress on changing the trajectory of the manner in which sustainability is being perceived. He stated that the fact is that businesses do not understand exactly what sustainability is. Business leaders talk about sustainability as a concept, which for them is about mitigating the risks and being able to run the business just for making profit.

He stressed that “we need to change the way business is done in the first place”, while also stating that perceiving corporates as villains is a flawed paradigm. He reiterated that what is needed is a new consciousness of attacking this fundamental problem which is impairing the way the planet is able to recharge itself. Steps need to be taken on an urgent basis to put the nature out of this disorder. People need to understand that concerns of global warming are real, that the impact of climate change needs to be taken seriously.

Emphasising on collective efforts, he stated that the Corporates, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Government should be brought together to arrest these challenges. Any agency working in isolation will not be able to achieve this on its own. Partnerships and collaborations in this regard, thus, assume great significance.

He further stated that sustainability rests on four pillars. These ‘Four Pillars’ of sustainability on which enterprises must work to achieve the MDGs include

?Ecological Sustainability: The environment is getting degraded and its ability to regenerate has gone down. The businesses cannot work ignoring that.

?Social Justice: Businesses need to create value that is shared by all.

?Spiritual well being: Things like joy, happiness, and fulfilment are a part of inner being and need to be kept in mind, and

?Improve the quality of life of all people without exception: The

world today is far more interconnected and development can't take place in isolation.

Asserting on the important role of business in taking forward the sustainability agenda, Mr. Wakhlu re-iterated that businesses bring in talent, money and ideas to the table, these result in devising innovative solutions to address challenges in the area of sustainability.

Ending his address, he stated that all agencies need to collaborate to ensure that the business achieve the four pillars of sustainability.

As businesses, we have got to ensure that we are mindful of our impacts on the people and on our stakeholders.

As businesses we got to ensure that we are mindful of our impacts on the people, on our stakeholders“

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Creating a Sustainable Future: From Products to Supply Chain

Insights & Case Studies

This year has been a marquee year in the entire climate change debate. For the first time in 2 million years, the atmospheric concentration of CO 2

was measured at 400 ppm at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii on

th9 May 2013. This is a watershed event, as it is a realistic possibility that global temperature could increase by 4°C resulting in drastic climatic changes. Such changes are bound to have an impact on businesses and financial standing of countries. In a study done in the year 2012, researchers estimated that the cost of climate change and air pollution combined will rise to 3.2 per cent of global GDP by the year 2030. The world's least developed countries will suffer losses of up to 11 per cent of GDP and the impacts are already being felt. It is estimated that climate change is contributing to the deaths of nearly 400,000 people a year and costing the world more than $1.2 trillion, wiping 1.6 per cent annually from global GDP.

The India 200 Climate Change Report 2013 by Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) launched in Mumbai, asserts that businesses and companies are aware of the sheer physical risk and devastating effect that climate

change can have on their operations. Sustainable practices and its promotion in this context assume great significance. New parameters for sustainability need to be considered so that the new way of thinking can be followed, to embed this concept in day to day activities, involving the businesses, civil society, investors and the government.

The UN Global Compact – Accenture CEO Study on Sustainability 2013, representing the views of more than 1000 CEOs worldwide, stresses that sustainability is firmly placed on the CEOs agenda and that they are committed to taking action on sustainability.

Some of the key findings of the survey are:

1. The sustainability concept is given different weightage in different countries and continents. E.g. in Africa poverty eradication tops the list, while in Asia, peace and security are more important.

2. Brand trust and reputation is at the highest when it comes to what triggers the CEO's of companies towards sustainability followed by potential for revenue and then consumer demand.

3. Energy and climate change are amongst the top in the priority list with respect to the sustainability agenda of the CEO's, and

4. Role of government is considered important. However, there are certain expectations with respect to the regulations and standards set by them and subsidies and taxes essential for supporting green growth.

Following the sustainability agenda is, however, not without challenges. Lack of financial resources, competing priorities, lack of link to business value and lack of ability to communicate the business value of sustainability to the investors and the consumers and whether it holds any business value pose some of the major challenges with regard to sustainability. To address these challenges, it is therefore important that the issue is discussed more frequently at the board levels, sustainability is integrated in the strategies of the companies and measurement of both positive and negative impacts of their activities on sustainable outcomes are taken into consideration in strategic business blue prints.

Vishvesh Prabhakar, Managing Director India, Operations & Sustainability Services, Accenture

Insights from the UN Global Compact - Accenture CEO Study on Sustainability 2013

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Reference: UN Global Compact - Accenture CEO Study on Sustainability 2013Please refer to the slides given in the next page

Insight from the study: A Graphic Representation

Intent & Priorities : Sustainability and climate change is firm on the CEO agenda

Transformational impact of sustainability

of CEOs expect sustainability to transform their industry

within 5 years

63%

Opportunities presented by Sustainability

of CEOs believe that embedding sustainability into core business will drive

revenue growth & new opportunities

76%

Key to business success

of the responding CEOs regard sustainability as key to success

93%

Focus on Energy & Climate Change

of responding CEOs consider Energy and Climate Change as key priorities

within sustainability agenda

68%

Intent & Priorities : Energy and Climate Change rank amongst the top 5 in CEO priorities for sustainability

64%Growth & employment

Note: Percentage represents the proportion of CEOs in each region numbering each issue among their top three most important sustainability challenges to address for the future success of their business

Which of the following sustainability challenges are the most critical to address for the future success of your business?

EducationEnergy

Climate changeCorruption

Peace & securityHealth

Poverty eradicationWater & sanitation

InequalitiesFood security

40%39%

29%28%

23%18%

16%14%

13%10%

Potential for Scale : 33% of CEOs believe that business as a whole is doing enough to address

global sustainability challenges

To what extent do you agree: business as a whole is making sufficient efforts to address global sustainability challenges

Disagree 33%

Agree30%

29%Neither agree nor disagree

Strongly disagree

5% 3%Strongly agree

Future Directions : CEOs see consumers and governments growing in importance in influencing

their approach to sustainability

64%Consumers

Note: Percentage represents the proportion of CEOs numbering each issue among their top three choices

Over the next five years, which stakeholder groups do you believe will have the greatest impact?

EmployeesGovernmentsCommunities

Investment communityRegulators

MediaBoards

SuppliersNGOs

Organised labour

46%42%

28%23%

22%19%

17%17%

15%4%

Key Barriers : CEOs identify barriers to progress including a lack of financial resources, competing priorities and the lack of a link to business value

Lack of financial resources

Note: Percentage represents the proportion of CEOs numbering each issue among their top three choices

Which barriers keep you, as a CEO, from implementing an integrated and strategic company-wide approach to environmental, social and corporate governance issues?

Competing strategic prioritiesNo clear link to business value

Extending strategy through the supply chainDifficulty due to operating environment

Implementing strategy across business functionsLack of knowledge

Lack of recognition from investorsExtending strategy through subsidiaries

Lack of support from top management

51%44%

37%33%

30%27%

22%22%

13%8%

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The automotive industry is witnessing significant structural re-alignment with focus on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The global drivers of rapid urbanisation, climate change, regulatory framework, scarcity of fossil fuel and shifting consumer preferences are shaping the future of mobility, especially in mega-cities and large urban settings. This requires a fresh approach in defining the future sustainable mobility solutions.

The BMW Group's strategy and approach for sustainable mobility is driven by the vision and commitment of the ‘Board of Management’ of BMW Group. Drawing from its Strategy No. 1 that focuses on long term growth, profitability, access to new customers and technologies, BMW Group commissioned ‘Project i’ to reinvent the future of individual mobility through innovative and unconventional ideas. This revolutionary approach involved conducting field studies, interaction

with multiple stakeholders to gain insight into the requirements of electric vehicle landscape.

The ‘Project i’ later transitioned into the introduction of sub-brand BMW i that gives a new dimension to the conventional understanding of mobility. BMW i, characterized by sustainability across the value chain, follows a holistic approach throughout the entire value chain. The global market launch of the BMW i3 (battery electric vehicle), marks a new beginning in electric mobility.

Andreas Klugeschied, Vice President, Government Affairs, BMW Group

Environmental Sustainability in the Automotive Sector

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“Drawing from its Strategy No. 1 that focuses on long term growth, profitability, access to new customers and technologies, BMW Group commissioned ‘Project i’ to reinvent the future of individual mobility through innovative and unconventional ideas.

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It embodies visionary design, purpose-built architecture comprising LifeDrive module, and innovative connectivity with familiar BMW driving pleasure that is strongly defined by sustainability. The lightweight design strategy specially developed for BMW i models focuses on extensive use of lightweight, corrosion-proof, crash-resistant and high-tech Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP).

The production of the BMW i3 vehicles consumes about 50 per cent less energy, 70 per cent less water in comparison with the current average figures for production in the BMW Group. The electricity used to

produce the BMW i models at the Leipzig plant is wind-generated and therefore 100 per cent renewable. Similarly, all the energy used in the production of carbon fibre at Moses Lake plant, USA is entirely derived from renewable, locally generated hydroelectric power.

This has resulted in making the life cycle global warming potential (CO 2

emission) of the BMW i3, assuming a European electricity mix (EU 25), at least a third lower than for a highly efficient combustion-engine vehicle in the same segment.

The soon to be launched plug-in hybrid sports car, the BMW i8 will provide harmony between high

performance and excellent fuel efficiency. The vehicle will offer a pure electric range of 35 km and would have a very fuel efficient three-cylinder combustion engine.

There is an urgent need for collaborative effort among various stakeholders to provide strong traction for electric mobility. The governments can play a significant role by providing incentives through intelligent mix of quantitative (monetary) and qualitative (non-monetary) measures, developing infrastructure to give impetus to early adoption of electric vehicles during the crucial market preparation and ramp-up phase.

Globally the change in climatic conditions is causing several economic and social impacts. The rising temperatures and global warming has not only caused several geographical changes but has also brought about several new pressures on the human beings. The climate induced environmental changes are causing displacement of human being leading to the new phenomenon of ‘climate refugees’ in the global arena. A climate refugee is a person displaced by climatically induced environmental disasters such as increased droughts, desertification, sea level rise, and frequent occurrences of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, cyclones, fires, mass flooding and tornadoes. All this is causing mass global migration and border conflicts.

YES BANK believes that to arrest these changes, it is imperative that Sustainability be placed at the core of business strategy. Business needs to be driven by policy aimed at sustainability and a business case for the same needs to be developed. In developing this business case, the Bank believes that it is imperative to ensure

?Buy-in of internal stakeholders

?Innovation and Insistence, and

?Collaborative approaches

For YES BANK, climate change could have an impact on the way it does business and therefore has devised sustainability polices that aims at mitigating climate change and arresting those factors that have an impact on it. In bringing these agenda into practice, YES BANK has adopted three main triggers to mitigate climate change. These include:

?Renewable Energy Portfolio

?Environmental and Social Policy (ESP), and

?Environment Management Policy

Having integrated Responsible Banking as one of its key differentiators since its inception, YES BANK scrutinises its business activities using the ESP, a voluntary policy that draws from the Equator Principles, International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines and other international best practices. The ESP also forms a crucial part of its credit risk appraisal process. It is aimed at setting highest standards of corporate governance & business practice.

The Environment Management policy (EMP) is an integral part of its core polices and outlines methods for reducing carbon emissions and reduction in waste. YES BANK has developed a GHG tool which helps it

Environmental Sustainability in the Banking Sector

Srinath Komarina, Assistant Vice President, YES BANK

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Reference: Please refer to the slides given in the next page

to accurately track, manage and report, in quantitative terms the GHG emissions in real time. The EMP has led to development of Site Environment Monitoring System (SEMS) for offline ATMs that monitors and controls the usage of electrical devises like lights, ACs, UPS etc. at its ATMs spread across the country. Also, YES BANK is the first bank in India to get the ISO 14001 certification for its accurate measurement and assessment of the Triple Bottom Line impact. The war on waste at the Bank is an initiative, under the EMP, to eliminate waste resulting from over-processing, overproduction and inventory.

In moving forward, the bank has also adopted several internal practices and international guidelines to ensure this. These include;

?Decidedly moving away from the practice of exchanging gifts to an environment friendly gifting option

?Signing the Natural Capital Declaration, and

?Reporting – first Indian bank to come out with GRI checked Sustainability Report, and also first Indian bank to be on the Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index for three consecutive years

Case Study: A Graphic Representation

• Material gifting to environment friendly platform

• To support United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) billion tree campaign & World Wide Fund’s (WWF) Cities for Forests campaigns planted over 8000 trees & gifted over 2,500 e-certificates on behalf of stakeholders

• An approximate offset of 154.48 tons of carbon

Vision

Mission

Deliverables

“YES BANK - Be the Benchmark Financial Institution for Sustainability”

Link Sustainable Development with stakeholder value creation through innovative business solutions and services

&Weave sustainability principles into YES BANK’s core business

strategy and processes

Deliver Positive socio-environmental ImpactEnhance brand visibility and influence in sustainability space

Responsible Banking Step towards being Carbon Neutral

Insights, Learning & Success criteria

Buy-in of internal stakeholders

Innovation and Insistence

Collaborative approach

Business Case for Sustainability

Enablers

Financed emissions

First Indian Bank to sign the

Natural Capital Declaration

External Reporting

Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)

• YES BANK is the only Indian Bank to be in the Climate DisclosureLeadership Index (CDLI) for 3 consecutive years

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Business sustainability is a proactive approach towards ensuring a long-term viability and integrity of business through optimum utilisation and management of resources, reduction of environmental, energy or social impacts, without compromising on competitiveness or profitability. In the current era, however, pursuing a sustainable business model is a major challenge considering high degree of cost competitiveness amongst the companies. Imbibing sustainability in business requires companies to take bold steps to move beyond efficiency, beyond compliance – beyond just green – to a higher level of performance. In adopting it, the

leaders are challenged to shift from seeking short-term return on investments to longer-term gains, making this change hard-sell to high-level decision-makers. Given this scenario, it is often believed that it is easy to talk about sustainability but absolutely difficult to practice sustainability in an industry.

Jubilant Life Sciences, an integrated pharmaceutical and life sciences solution provider, believes that adoption of sustainability requires a bottom up approach, with each level and systems in an organisation being attuned to the agenda of sustainability. Jubilant emphasises on ensuring that the senior management

and leaders are in consensus with regard to the sustainability challenges. At Jubilant, the path for sustainability is created by the founders and the senior management, where the emphasis is on action. It also ensures developing, maintaining, implementing & reviewing systems put in place for sustainable growth. At policy level, Jubilant has adopted not only the policy on sustainability but also other policies like green supply chain, non-discrimination, freedom of association, climate change mitigation and several other codes of conduct.

Environmental Sustainability in the Chemical Sector

Sustainability thrust areas of Jubilant

Green Jubilant Safe Jubilant Responsible Jubilant

Implement energy and water conservation measures, reduce waste generation and increase recycling and reuse of waste generated, switch over to renewable & cleaner fuels to reduce organisational carbon footprint.

Create a safe working environment for all employees according to international standards and doing regular assessments and reviews of the same.

Jubilant Bhartia Foundation (JBF), corporate social responsibility wing of Jubilant Bhartia Group, implements community initiatives focusing on education, livelihood, healthcare and social entrepreneurship.

Ganesh Tripathy, Chief Sustainability Officer, Jubilant Life Sciences Limited

Key sustainability initiatives?Considering environment, occupational health and safety impact of its products at conceptual, design and Research and

Development (R&D) stages?Implementing stage gate process requiring all capex approvals to pass through environment, health and safety (EHS) and

sustainability criteria in addition to financial, technical, process and other regular criteria?Use cleaner and renewable fuel like biomass in boilers, biodiesel for steam generation and maximum use of waste heat from

exothermic processes?Use of common transport system and more use of telecommunication/video conference facilities to reduce employee travel

and thus reduce Jubilant's carbon footprint?Co- processing of hazardous waste in cement mills helping indirectly to preserve non-renewable natural resources like coal?4.5 per cent of Jubilant's total energy comes from the renewable sources, while some of its plants use more than 30 per cent of

its total energy consumption from renewable sources?Reuse of treated effluent to reduce fresh water consumption, and?Adopt new technologies to conserve energy and water

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• Long term business sustainability

• National and International development on climate change front

• Global customer base

• Business opportunity through cost reduction and improving brand image

• Become less sensitive to external energy price fluctuation

Top Leadership Commitment- Policy Framework

Developing, Maintaining, Implementing & Reviewing Systems put in place for Sustainable Growth

Work at Ground Level to derive greater results

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?Jubilant believes in Corporate philosophy of Sustainable Development i.e. Caring, Sharing, Growing .?Sustainability at Jubilant is guided by several policies and principles some of which are: ?Sustainability Mission ?Climate Change Mitigation Policy?Environment, Health & Safety Policy?Green Supply Change Policy ?Child Labour Policy?Policy on Forced and Compulsory Labour?Bribery and Corruption Policy?Freedom of Association Policy?Non Discrimination Policy ?Whistle Blower Policy

•Energy & Water Conservation•Use of Cleaner Fuels•Reduction of carbon footprint•Reduction in waste production

• Creating a Safe working environment for all employees• Following internationally prescribed safety standards• Regular assessments and reviews

Jubilant Bhartia Foundation specializes in community initiatives and focuses on:-• Education,• Livelihood,• Healthcare,• Social Entrepreneurship

Green Jubilant Safe Jubilant Responsible Jubilant

?Considering EHS aspect at decision and design stage?EHS impact including performance evaluation at Capex stage for all business decisions?EHS impact including energy performance assessment product development stage at R&D ?Cleaner fuel?Use biomass in boilers at Samlaya and Ambarnath units ?Use of biodiesel in Nanjangud plant for process steam generation ?Use of Natural Gas instead of coal?Use Waste Heat from Exothermic process?Waste to Energy initiatives:?Biogas from Distillery effluent?Slop fired boiler from Distillery effluent

? Energy Conservation at all units & other efforts for climate change mitigation by dedicated Business Excellence team

Behavioral change ?Encourage use of common transport system (e.g. shuttle service/ public transport / company ?More use of telecommunication/ video conference to reduce employee travel leading to reduction in GHG emission?Other initiatives to reduce others carbon footprint?Co-processing of Hazardous Waste in cement mills?Use of fly ash in cement mill and brick kiln

Conduct carbon foot printing of selected products?The Company has conducted two life cycle based carbon footprint studies by E&Y in 2010-11 and 2011-12. The latest study was conducted on 15 key products of the Company using the cradle to gate approach.

?

?

?Self dependency in energy

?Reduction in pollution in surrounding community

?Reduction in Carbon footprint

?Reduction in Energy cost

?Improve in brand image

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Carbon focused issues in Jubilant Sustainability at Jubilant - Approach

Sustainability Policy Framework Sustainability at Jubilant- Thrust areas

Key initiatives in Reducing Energy and Carbon Footprint by Jubilant

Key initiatives in Reducing Energy and Carbon Footprint by Jubilant

Learning from GHG reduction initiatives


Challenges to achieve environmental sustainability

ManagerialTechnological

Optimisation of production processes and resource use

Top management involvement

Managing leakage and fire hazards

Efficient utilisation of water resources (large volume of water used during hydraulic fracturing)

Participation of key stakeholders

Energy efficient operations Incentivising sustainability initiative

Mainstreaming sustainability in the organisation

Design constraint of plant and machinery Employees participation in taking forward sustainability agenda

Tapping unconventional gas sources & minimum impact on environment

Setting and monitoring of targets to improve sustainability performance

India is the fourth largest energy consumer in the world after the United States, China, and Russia. On one hand, the Oil and Gas sector accounts for 39 per cent of the country's primary needs, while on the other hand, it contributes 15 per cent of the India's GDP. The sector, being a primary energy provider, has a significant role in the national and global economic development. However at the same time, the Oil and Gas sector has a huge responsibility towards environmental sustainability.

Issues in Oil and Gas Sector:

• Energy Issue: High dependence on import poses a serious challenge to the aim of providing ‘sustainable energy for all’ ; which is a primary requirement for development

• GHG emissions: India's CO 2

emissions from energy consumption is doubled, as country's energy intensity declines by 28 per cent by the year 2030

• Water: Fresh water plays an important role in upstream and downstream core processes in the industry, which exposes it to the risk of contamination. However, the levels of fresh water are receding rapidly.

• Innovating through R & D: Optimise production and resource use, besides diversifying portfolios through enhanced investments in R&D. Nevertheless, a constraint in the resources- both financial and technological- is source of concern.

If these issues are not dealt adequately, it could create a huge

impact on environment with respect to the Oil and Gas sector.

Significant innovations in GAIL to drive environmental sustainability

GAIL has brought in considerable innovations to achieve environmental sustainability that include;

?Sustainability Aspirations 2020: To achieve environmental sustainability within the GAIL's structure, the organisation has set sustainability targets under the framework of 'Sustainability Aspirations 2020'. The target is to reduce GHG Emissions intensity by 33 per cent from 2010-11 levels. The targets are also set to achieve energy reduction of 5 per cent in specific energy consumption (petrochemical and liquid hydrocarbons (LHC) segment products) to achieve energy efficiency. Water consumption targets are set at

Santanu Roy, General Manager - Corporate Planning, GAIL (India) Limited

Environmental Sustainability in the Oil and Natural Gas Sector

45 per cent reduction keeping 2010-11 as the base year. Target is also set to increase waste water recycling by 5 per cent keeping 2010-11 as the base year. Training and awareness programmes on sustainability is encouraged and all GAIL employees are given training on sustainability.

?Sustainability Governance: GAIL has appointed sub-committees headed by an Independent Director (ID) which looks into the aspects of sustainability in the governance of GAIL.

?Investments in Carbon Mitigation: Almost 50 per cent of R&D investment in carbon mitigation is ensured. Six out of twenty projects on ‘environment mitigation’ are being floated by GAIL and substantial investments are envisaged in solar and wind energy programmes.

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India

China

China USEUJapanIndia200219971992 20122007

600

400

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-200

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MtCO2BtCO2

40

30

20

10

0

Impacts on Environment

•Atmospheric Impacts

•Aquatic Impacts

•Terrestrial Impacts

•Ecosystem Impacts

•Human & socio-economic impacts

Flaring, venting and combustion process

•Improper disposal of effluents, oil spills

and leakage

••Construction practices, improper disposal

of solid waste

•• Explosions fires, blow-outs

•••Conflicts between development and protection

of natural resource, disturbance in land-use etc.

Lessons Learnt

Broadbasing - Sustainability is an umbrella concept

Identifying our priority areas through Sustainability Performance tracking

Importance of sensitizingsustainability among

employees

Participation from Stakeholders

Data Management

Success Criteria

Collaboration with external agencies

Top Management involvement

Readiness to learn

Target: 51.35 (t e/Cr)CO2

97.5076.65

64.25

54.7

FY 09-10 FY 10-11 FY 11-12 FY 12-13

GHG Intensity (t e/Cr)CO2

Target: 230.86 m3/Cr

505.2419.7

344.8288.6

FY 09-10 FY 10-11 FY 11-12 FY 12-13

Water Consumption Intensity (m3/Cr)

4345

38.5

45.7

FY 09-10 FY 10-11 FY 11-12 FY 12-13

Waste water recycled as % of WW generated

Target: 50.23%

13.12

14.0014.33

14.12

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Specific Energy Consumption GJ/MT of LHC & PC product

Target: 13.30 GJ/MT

As on 31.03.13, approximately 30% employees have been covered in training on SD Aspects

Shared during GAIL Strategy Review Meet

We are not resting upon our laurels …The exercise for re-look is already on...

Carbon based free lunch is over..

Identifying the Sustainability Issues

Lessons learnt and Success Criteria Sustainability Aspirations 2020

23

Environmental sustainability is a growing challenge for the real estate sector in India. On one hand, in the quest to achieve development in India, real estate and construction sector should be propelled in the right direction, on the other, the rising green house emission also needs to be checked. The buildings consume 40 per cent of the world's energy and are responsible for 50 per cent of all greenhouse emissions. India specific data is more discouraging. Currently, 2/3rd of India needs buildings, shelters, office blocks etc for the next 20 years. Thus, despite the efforts by the government, public sector, private sector and civil society towards environmental sustainability, the greenhouse emission levels are poised to rise.

The main objective to achieve environmental sustainability is to reduce the carbon footprint in the real estate sector. However, there are some critical issues in the sector which need immediate attention. These issues are specifically related to construction material, consumption of energy, use of glasses in buildings. Hence, developers must pay attention on the following:

• Appropriate selection of construction material

• Emphasis on natural lighting

• Building orientation and landscape, and

• Promoting usage of Alternate Energy

Environmental sustainability lies on four pillars. These pillars are energy management, water management, waste management & maintaining indoor air quality (IAQ). To achieve environment sustanability, it is imperative to strengthen these four pillars.

Kamal Meattle, Chief Executive Officer, Paharpur Business Centre

Environmental Sustainability in the Real Estate Sector

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Major achievements of PBC

Reduce the sanctioned MDI from 735 kVA to 350 kVA in the energy sector

Saved 19,25,650 litres of water

Improved the indoor air quality by having more oxygenated air and that resulted in energy savings of 30%

?There should be appropriate selection of construction material.

?Emphasis on using more natural light should be made.?Usage of 'Alternate Energy' should be promoted.?Water Harvesting should be made compulsory, and?Waste should be recycled as much as possible.


Paharpur Business Centre's (PBC) measures towards strengthening the pillars of environmental sustainability

Light coloured tiles on the roof, light reflecting paints and cool wall paints are used to reduce the heat gain

Collection and harvesting of rainwater from rooftop

Plastic bottles are re-used to grow plants

IAQ maintained as per ASHRAE and WHO Standards

Energy Management Water Management Waste Management Maintaining indoor air quality

White mesh and green reflective films are used to block direct sunlight

Installation of waterless urinals and sensor taps in washrooms

Waste segregation is followed

ASHRAE recommends 20 CFM air per person but PBC maintains 4.7 CFM pp of fresh air load on system

Pre-centrifuged diesel are used for all diesel generators

Hydroponics culture is adopted for recirculation of water in plants

Food waste is converted into organic manure through vermiculture

Evaporative cooling is adopted to reduce the temperature of air entering the air conditioners

Sky planters are placed to limit evaporation and dripping

Paperless methodology is followed

Key initiatives


735

552

462400 400 400 350

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sanctioned kVA 2006-2012

Smallest Particulate Matter - goes to our lungs

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Standard for ambient air – 60µg/m3USA – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standard for ambient air – 35µg/m3

8:00pm PRITHVIRAJ ROAD – 3140µg/m31:00am FEROZESHAH ROAD - 7280µg/m3

Equivalent to Smoking 50 CIGARETTES in 1 MinuteWHAT AIR DID YOU BREATHE?

3rd

Nov

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Particulate Matter 2.5

Smallest Particulate Matter - goes to our lungs

On 3rd November, OTHER BUILDINGS -1210µg/m3

On 3rd November in PBC - 79µg/m3

CPCB Standard for ambient air – 60µg/m3USA – EPA Standard for ambient – 35µg/m3

On 3rd November, 2013: AMBIENT AIR – 1018µg/m3

Guideline for Indoor Air – 15µg/m3On 3rd November, 2013: OTHER BUILDING - 1810µg/m3

With several Energy Efficient Practices, PBC has reduced its sanctioned MDI from 735 kVA to 350 kVA

Particulate Matter 10 (PM10)

Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) PBC makes that Difference

How PBC made that Difference….

PARAMETERSAVG. of other

BuildingsPBC %

REDUCTION

CO2, ppm 1067.5 488 55

PM10, µg/m3 689 24 97

PM2.5, µg/m3 492 14 97

VOC - Benzene, ppb 150 BDL 99.99

VOC - Acetaldehyde, ppb 3125 BDL 99.99

VOC - Acetone, ppb 800 BDL 99.99

VOC - Toluene, ppb 275 BDL 99.99

Aerobic Plate Count, cfu 153 26 83

Fungal Count, cfu 48 <1 99

25

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Key Recommendations

Chemical Sector

Automotive Sector?Evaluate the option of introducing CO based taxation, and2

?Accelerate the adoption of electric vehicle (xEV) in India by providing financial incentives in the initial phase spanning five years. A significant reduction in the import tariffs of completely built electric & plug-in hybrid vehicles is strongly recommended to provide opportunity for automotive companies to demonstrate cutting edge electric technology and also create a market for future technology

?Emphasis on environment, occupational health and safety impact at conceptual, design and R & D stages?Use of cleaner and renewable fuel like biomass in boilers, biodiesel for steam generation and maximum

use of waste heat from exothermic processes?Co- processing of hazardous waste to preserve non-renewable natural resources such as, coal, and ?Reuse of treated effluent to reduce fresh water consumption

Oil and Natural Gas Sector

?Optimise production and resource use, and diversifying portfolios through enhanced investments in R & D.

?Training and awareness programmes on sustainability among employees, and?Investment to be made in carbon mitigation through promotion of solar and wind energy

programmes

Banking Sector

?Sustainability to be placed at the core of its business strategy?The sustainability policy should ensure and work towards buy-in of internal stakeholders, innovation

and insistence and collaborative approach among various stakeholders?Promotion of investments in programmes aimed at carbon mitigation, and?Adoption of carbon mitigation policies in internal functioning and external engagement

Real Estate Sector?Appropriate selection of construction material?Construction design should ensure optimum use of natural light indoors?Usage of ‘Alternate Energy’?Implementation of water harvesting techniques in buildings, and?Stress on waste recycle management through refuse, reduce, reuse & recycle of waste, paperless

office, reuse of printed paper, recycling and reconstruction of broken furniture and discarding of e-waste through e-waste recyclers

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Project & Report Lead

Concept Lead

Co-Organiser

Special Thanks

Expert Inputs and Round Table Moderation

Report Compilation, Editing, and Coordination

Transcription

Print and Design

Pooran Chandra Pandey, Executive Director, GCNI

Vinod Pandey, Head, Government Affairs, BMW Group India

BMW Group India

Dr. Uddesh Kohli, Senior Adviser, UNGC, New YorkPhilipp von Sahr, President, BMW Group India Frederika Meijer, Representative, United Nations Population Fund, India and Country Director, United Nations Population Fund, BhutanAshok Baran Chakraborty, Chief Sustainability Officer, Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of IndiaBharat Wakhlu, Resident Director, Tata Services LimitedKamal Meattle, Chief Executive Officer, Paharpur Business CentreSantanu Roy, General Manager- Corporate Planning, GAIL (India) LimitedGanesh Tripathy, Chief Sustainability Officer, Jubilant Life Sciences LimitedSrinath Komarina, Assistant Vice President, YES BANKAndreas Klugescheid, Vice President, Government Affairs, BMW Group

Vishvesh Prabhakar, Managing Director India, Operations & Sustainability Services, AccentureReshma Kulkarni, Consultant, Accenture

Jhumki Dutta, Programme Coordinator, GCNI Yashsvi Chandra, Programme Associate, GCNI

Parvinder Singh Chhabra, MBA Student, New Delhi Institute of Management (NDIM)Piyush Arora, MBA Student, New Delhi Institute of Management (NDIM)

Litmus Communication

Acknowledgements

PHOTO CREDITPage 5 © GCNI Photo

Page 6 © GCNI Photo







Page 16 © BMW AG Munich

Page 17 © BMW AG Munich





With its three brands, BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce, the BMW Group has its sights set firmly on the premium sector of the Indian automotive market. Along with its automotive concerns, the BMW Group's activities in India comprise marketing of motorcycles, as well as financial services for its premium clientele.

BMW Group in India

The BMW Group is one of the most successful manufacturers of automotive sector and motorcycles in the world. Sustainability is firmly embedded in the BMW Group's culture and is an integral part of corporate strategy. In 2001, the BMW Group committed itself to the United Nations Environment Program, the UN Global Compact and the Cleaner Production Declaration. The BMW Group was ranked industry leader in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes for the years 2005-2012.

To learn more about how the BMW Group thinks and acts in a sustainable manner, please visit www.bmwgroup.com/svr

The BMW Group

Global Compact Network India was formed in November 2003 and was registered as a non-profit society to function as the Indian local network of the UN Global Compact programme. It is the first local network in the world to be established with full legal recognition. Global Compact Network India (GCNI) is a country level platform for businesses, civil organisations, public sector and aids in aligning stakeholders’ practices towards the Ten Universally Accepted Principles of UNGC in the areas of Human Rights, Labour, Environment and Anti – corruption. At present, the India network ranks among the top, out of the 102 local networks in the world, and has emerged as the largest corporate citizenship and social responsibility organisation in the country with a pan India membership of 173 organisations, that have strengthened their commitment to the UN's Global Compact Principles by becoming proud signatories of the local network, GCNI.

For further information, please visit www.globalcompact.in

Global Compact Network India

Copyright © 2014Global Compact Network India OfficeScope Complex, Core 5, 6th Floor (ONGC) Office, 7 Institutional AreaLodhi Road, New Delhi - 110003Email: [email protected]

This publication is intended strictly for learning purposes. The inclusion of company names and/or examples does not constitute an endorsement of the individual companies by the Global Compact Network India Office. The material in this publication may be quoted and used provided there is proper attribution.

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