21
SHOULD INDIA PURSUE DIALOGUE WITH PAKISTAN? “ECLECTIC” PRESENTATION BY ABHIK BHAVYA HINA

Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

SHOULD INDIA PURSUE DIALOGUE

WITH PAKISTAN?

“ECLECTIC”

PRESENTATION BY

ABHIK

BHAVYA

HINA

Page 2: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

India and Pakistan , two South Asian countries, were aboriginally once one country. After being by Aryans , Persians, Mughals and later by Britishers, they were divided into two different countries , they were partitioned on religious basis , Pakistan with Muslim majority and India with Hindu majority. Since the partition, their relation sored and is still soring

Page 3: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

INDO-PAK RELATIONS

Relations between India and Pakistan have been strained by a number of historical and political issues, since Independence in 1947. The following are some events:

• Dispute in the violent partition of British India in 1947.

1. Junagadh Dispute: Junagadh was a state on the southwestern end of Gujarat, with the principalities of Manavadar, Mangrol and Babriawad. The  ruler of  this  state, Nawab Mahabat Khan  acceded  to Pakistan on 15th  Aug,  1947,  which  was  confirmed  and  accepted  by  Pakistan  on  15th  Sep,  1947.  India  didn’t  accept  it  as legitimate, thus raising debates, but the debate wasn’t resolved amicably. India occupied it on 9th Nov, 1947.

2. Kashmir Dispute: At  the  time  of  partition  of  India,  Maharaja  Hari  Singh,  the  ruler  of  the  state, preferred to remain  independent. He,  thus, offered a standstill agreement to both  India and Pakistan, which was refused  by  India.  In  spite  of  the  agreement,  Pakistan  sent  troops  to  capture  Kashmir.  Maharaja  fearing  the accession of his state to Pakistan, asked help from India to send troops. The acting Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten of Burma, advised Maharaja to accede to India, before India could send troops. Maharaja considered the emergent situation signed the Instrument of Accession to the Union of India on 26th Oct, 1947, hence became a part of India as per the Indian Independence Act 1947 passed by the British parliament.

Page 4: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

• INDO – PAKISTANI WAR OF 1965: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 started following Pakistan's Operation  Gibraltar,  which  was  designed  to  infiltrate  forces  into Jammu and  Kashmir to  precipitate  an  insurgency against  rule  by  India.  The  five-week  war caused  thousands  of  casualties  on  both  sides.  It  ended  in  a UN mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration.

• INDO – PAKISTANI WAR OF 1971 AND BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR: Pakistan, since  independence,  was  geo-politically  divided  into  two  major  regions, West Pakistan and East Pakistan. East Pakistan was occupied mostly by Bengali people.  In December 1971, following a political crisis in East Pakistan, the situation soon spiraled out of control  in East Pakistan and India  intervened in favor of the rebelling Bengali populace.  The  conflict,  a  brief  but  bloody war,  resulted  in  an  independence  of  East Pakistan. In the war, the Pakistani army swiftly fell to India, forcing the independence of East Pakistan, which separated and became Bangladesh.

• KARGIL WAR: During the winter months of 1998-99, the Indian army vacated its posts at  very  high  peaks  in Kargil sector  in Kashmir as  it  used  to  do  every  year. Pakistani Army  intruded  across  the  line  of  control  and  occupied  the  posts.  Indian  army discovered this in May 1999 when the snow thawed. This resulted in intense fighting between  Indian  and  Pakistani  forces,  known  as  the Kargil  conflict.  Backed  by  the Indian  Air  Force,  the  Indian  Army  regained  some  of  the  posts  that  Pakistan  has occupied.  Pakistan  later  withdrew  from  the  remaining  portion  under  international pressure.

Page 5: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

• SIACHEN GLACIER DISPUTE: Both  India  and  Pakistan claim  sovereignty over  the  entire Siachen region. US and Pakistani maps in the 1970's and 1980's were consistently showing a  dotted  line  from NJ9842 to Karakoram  Pass which  India  believed  to  be  a cartographic error and  violation  of  Shimla  Agreement.  In  1984,  India  launched  a successful  military operation and  has  since  maintained  control  over  all  of  the  Siachen  Glacier  and  its tributaries.  India  has  categorically  stated  that  India  will  not  pull  its  army  from  Siachen until  the  110-km  long AGPL is  first  authenticated,  delineated  and  then  demarcated, as the 1949  Karachi  agreement clearly  stated  that  Cease  fire-line(CFL)  would  continue beyond Point NJ9842, “thence north to the glaciers.”

• KORI CREEK DISPUTE: The  Sir  Creek  is  a  96 km  (60 mi)  strip of water  disputed between India and Pakistan  in  the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Though the creek has  little military value, it holds immense economic gain. Much of the region is rich in oil and gas below the sea bed, and control over the creek would have a huge bearing on the energy potential of each nation.

• WATER DISPUTES: The Indus Waters  Treaty governs  the  rivers  that  flow  from  India  into Pakistan. Water is cited as one possible cause for a conflict between the two nations, but to date issues such as the Nimoo Bazgo Project have been resolved through diplomacy.

• INSURGENT ACTIVITIES: Attack on Parliament, Hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC 814 etc.

Page 6: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

NEED FOR DIALOGUE PROCESS

There is a need for a peace process for settling all the disputes prevailing between India and Pakistan.

Page 7: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

EFFORTS MADE TO NORMALIZE INDO-PAK RELATIONS

• KARACHI AGREEMENT: The Karachi  Agreement was  a  cease-fire  agreement  signed  by Military Representatives of India and Pakistan on the 27th of July 1949. The signatories to the  Karachi  agreement  were  Satyawant  Mallannah  Shrinagesh,  Indian  Army  Chief,  J. Cawthorn,  Major  General,  Pakistan  &  Hernando  Samper  and  M.  Delvoie, United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan.

• SIMLA AGREEMENT: The Simla  Agreement was  signed  between India and Pakistan by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, and Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India on July 2, 1972 in Simla. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year. The agreement was the result of resolve of both the countries to "put an  end  to  the  conflict  and  confrontation  that  have  hitherto  marred  their  relations".  It conceived the steps to be taken for further normalization of mutual relations and it also laid down the principles that should govern their future relations.

• 1999 LAHORE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING was the first Indo-Pakistani effort to come to grips with their mutual problems and to explore measures to reduce tensions in a nuclearised South Asia.

Page 8: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

COMPOSITE DIALOGUE PROCESS

• 1999 Lahore Memorandum of Understanding was the first step towards a sustained dialogue process.

• But, Pakistan attacks India in Kargil in 1999, severely affected the dialogue process progress.

• The Agra Summit, July 2001 was also a diplomatic disaster, as General Kayani was stepping up terrorist activities against India.

• In December 2001 India’s parliament was attacked by Pakistan-based Kashmiri terrorists, which lead to deployment of troops on both sides of the border.

• In 2003, India and Pakistan agreed to a ceasefire along the Line of Control in Jammu & Kashmir.

• Finally, on January 4, 2004, India and Pakistan agreed to resume the stalled Composite Dialogue Process consequent to a categorical assurance from President Pervez Musharraf to then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, that he would not allow “territory under Pakistan’s control” to be used for terrorism in India.

Page 9: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

OBJECTIVES OF COMPOSITE DIALOGUE PROCESS

• Hold discussions on the modalities for restoring trust and confidence in order to pave the way for a comprehensive, sustained and meaningful dialogue on all issues of mutual interest and concern.

• Good neighborly relations marked by normal trade, people to people contacts, greater sporting and cultural interactions, hassle-free travel and a confidence-building mechanism.

Page 10: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

ACHIEVEMENTS IN DIALOGUE PROCESS

• The  Composite  Dialogue  between  India  and  Pakistan  from  2004  to  2008  addressed  a number of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) related to peace and security; enhanced people  to  people  contacts  through  bus  and  train  services;  revival  of  the  Bilateral  Joint Commission  after  16  years;  setting  up  of  the  Judicial  Committee  to  look  into  the humanitarian issue of civilian prisoners/fishermen held in each others jails and growth in bilateral  trade by 550% between year 2003-04 and 2007-08  from US$ 344.59 million  to US$ 2.23 billion.

• As  a  result  of  their  meeting  in  April  2010  in  Thimphu  on  the  sidelines  of  the  SAARC Summit, PM and PM Gilani of Pakistan mandated the two Foreign Ministers and Foreign Secretaries  to  hold  discussions.  Foreign  Secretary  met  her  Pakistani  counterpart  in Islamabad in June 2010, and External Affairs Minister visited Islamabad in July 2010.

• Foreign Secretaries met in Thimphu on February 6, 2011 agreed to discuss Counter-Terrorism (including progress on Mumbai trial) and Narcotics Control; Humanitarian issues; Commercial & Economic cooperation; Wullar Barrage/Tulbul Navigation Project; Sir Creek; Siachen; Peace & Security including CBMs; Jammu & Kashmir; promotion of friendly exchanges.

Page 11: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

• The  two Prime Ministers met  informally at Mohali on March 30, 2011,  to witness the  semi-final  cricket match between  India and Pakistan during  the  Cricket World Cup, 2011.

• The meeting of External Affairs Minister and Foreign Minister Khar in New Delhi on 27th  July  2011,  preceded  by  the  meeting  of  the  Foreign  Secretaries  of  the  two countries on 24th June 2011 in Islamabad, marked the culmination of the first round of  the  resumed  dialogue.  They  also  decided  to  revive  the  Joint  Commission  and agreed on strengthening Cross-LoC CBMs.

• During the meeting of PM with PM Gilani  in November 2011, which took place on the sidelines of the 17th SAARC summit in Maldives, the leaders decided to continue the resumed dialogue with the aim to build a mutually cooperative and productive relationship between the two countries, keeping in mind that there is the need for an environment free from hostility and violence.

• PM invited President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari in New Delhi on April 8, 2012 when the  President  undertook  a  private  visit  to  the  sufi  shrine  of  Khwaja  Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer. The meeting on bilateral  issues was constructive and friendly and were  willing  to  find  practical  and  pragmatic  solutions  to  all  outstanding  issues. President  Zardari  invited  PM  to  visit  Pakistan.  PM  accepted  the  invitation  with pleasure and said that he would be happy to visit at an appropriate time.

Page 12: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

• In the second round of the resumed dialogue, Secretary, Water of Government of India and Secretary, Water and Power of Government of Pakistan met in New Delhi on March 27-28, 2012 to discuss Wullar Barrage/Tulbul Navigation Project.

• Home Secretary level talks were held on Counter-Terrorism (including progress on Mumbai trial), Narcotics Control and Humanitarian issues in Islamabad (May 24-25, 2012).

• Commerce Secretaries discussed commercial & economic cooperation on November 14-16, 2011 in New Delhi, apart from meeting as part of Ministerial interaction in September 2011 in New Delhi, February 2012 in Islamabad and April 2012 in New Delhi.

• Defence Secretary level talks on Siachen were held in Rawalpindi on June 11-12, 2012. Surveyor General of India and Additional Secretary, Ministry of Defense Pakistan held talks on Sir Creek in New Delhi on June 18-19, 2012.

• Foreign Secretary level talks were held in New Delhi on July 4-5, 2012 on Peace & Security, including CBMs, Jammu & Kashmir, and promotion of friendly exchanges.

• Expert Level talks on Conventional and Nuclear CBMs were held in Islamabad in December 2011.

• The Joint Working Group on Cross-LoC CBMs met in Islamabad on July 19, 2012.

• External Affairs Minister and Foreign Minister Khar will meet in Islamabad in September 2012 to review the second round of the resumed dialogue.

Page 13: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited
Page 14: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

CHALLENGES• A  solution oriented  dialogue  on  the  contentious  issues  is  a  challenging  task  because  of  the  long  history  of  the 

troubled relations and mutual distrust that hampers positive interaction. 

• Terrorism  remains  our  core  concern  in  the  relationship  with  Pakistan  and  has  been  repeatedly  raised  with Pakistan,  including  at  the  highest  level,  whereby  India  has  consistently  urged  Pakistan  to  fulfill  its  repeated assurance  given  to  us  not  to  allow  the  territory  under  its  control  to  be  used  for  supporting  terrorism  directed against us or for any other anti-India activity.

• The  conflict  in Afghanistan has also had  spill-over  effects on  Indo-Pakistani  relations.  The  strategic  partnership agreement between India and Afghanistan and the growing Indian presence in that country, have only added to Pakistan’s concerns that India is attempting to squeeze it from both the east and west.

• Australia’s  decision  to  sell  uranium  to  India  is  seen  in  Pakistan  as  being  detrimental  to  its  national  security interests; just as the US-India nuclear deal was viewed as discriminatory and harmful to its security.

• There are groups and political parties in both countries that pursue hostility towards the other country as a matter of  political  ideology.  These  are  religious  hardliners  and  the  political  far-right  groups  and  individuals  that  are ideologically opposed to normalization of  relations and flourish on preaching hostility,  if not hatred against  the other side.

Page 15: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

WAYS TO BUILD INDO-PAK RELATIONS

A  two-step  approach  is  needed  to  de-socialize  negativeness  among  the  people  and  socialize  them  towards viewing each other in a positive manner and supporting a dialogue on the contentious issues.

• First,  the  top  level  state  leaders  who  are  responsible  for making  the  final  decision  decide  that  negative attitude and conflict is to be downplayed and efforts are to be made earnestly to find ways and means to improve their relations. 

• Second, there is a need to improve non-official interaction in order to remove the biases that are generated because  of  limited  or  no  contact.  The  free  and  frequent  interaction  between  different  segments  of  the society  will  build  support  for  problem  solving  between  the  two  countries.  The  visits  of  sports  teams, especially Cricket teams, literature and creative arts including film artists and music groups, media, youths and  students  and  non-governmental  organization's  will  be  very  useful  for  generating  good  will  at  the societal level. 

Page 16: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

• There is a need to embrace an overarching strategic stability regime and to shun aggressive security doctrines to reduce the possibility of a nuclear conflict. 

• Water issues should be resolved through the mechanisms provided by the Indus Basin Treaty and should not be allowed to degenerate into a serious source of conflict. 

• Confidence-building measures should be pursued to alleviate the “trust deficit” but should not be used as a substitute for the resolution of disputes. 

• Economic co-operation and trade should be facilitated to develop mutuality of interest. 

• India and Pakistan need to understand each other’s legitimate interests in Afghanistan and pursue them without coming into conflict with each other. 

Page 17: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

• On November 2, 2011, Pakistan's Federal Cabinet granted the status of the “Most Favoured Nation” (MFN) to India. However, a day later the spokesman of Pakistan Foreign Office somewhat back-tracked by suggesting that the Federal Cabinet had agreed “in principle” to designate India as a MFN as a part of the process to normalise relations with India.

• In order to facilitate travel between the two countries, different train and bus services run between the two countries. The train services in operation between India and Pakistan are (i) Samjhauta Express (biweekly, with termini in Lahore and Delhi); Attari-Wagah rail route is also open for movement of freight trains; and (ii) weekly Thar Express from Munabao-India to Zero Point Railway Station near Khokrapar – Pakistan. Bus services run between India and Pakistan on the following routes: Delhi-Lahore (all days except Sunday), Amritsar-Lahore (twice a week) and Amritsar-Nanankana (twice a week).

Page 18: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

• In order to enable people on both sides of the Line of Control (LoC)  in Jammu and Kashmir to move freely and trade with one another, cross-LoC Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) have been put in place and are being strengthened. These include trade  and  travel  on  the  Srinagar-Muzaffarabad  and  Poonch-Rawalakot  routes across the LoC. The number of trading days across these two points was increased from two to four per week, in accordance with the decision taken by External Affairs Minister and Foreign Minister Khar in their meeting in July 2011 in New Delhi. 

• On  April  9,  2012,  the  Supreme  Court  of  India  granted  bail  to  Dr  Khalil  Chisti  an octogenarian  Pakistan  national  serving  sentence  on murder  charges  in  India,  and later  allowed  him  to  travel  to  Pakistan  on  certain  conditions.  An  Indian  prisoner, Sarabjit Singh, awaits disposal of his mercy petition to the President of Pakistan.

• A new integrated Check Post at Attari-Wagah border as well as a new gate for trade at Wagah was inaugurated on April 13, 2012. Though trade and economic relations dominated  the  dialogue  process  initiated  in  March  2011,  there  were  several diplomatic  visits  that  facilitated  trade  related  talks  but  also  contributed  to  the overall improvement of relations.

Page 19: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

CONCLUSION

Thus, the way forward for both the countries would be to hold a comprehensive, sustained dialogue process for the economic development, socio – cultural relation, peace and stability, boost of trading relations and many more. In course of history, both countries must have learnt that war creates an extra economic burden on a nation, which in turn, directly hampers the people of these countries.

So, they need to understand the challenges in building a mutual trust and confidence, through a sustained dialogue process.

Page 20: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited

PHOTO GALLERY

Page 21: Should India Pursue Dialogue With Pakistan.pptx.Edited