Challenges faced by Revenue Dept.

1st Its name

Socio-cultural-economic.......

• Land is both a cultural and an economic asset.

• Now it is not a revenue collecting agency,butmainly a service provider to public

BOUNDARY

• Boundary Disputes causes WAR between countries

• Boundary Disputes causes RIOT between states

• Boundary Disputes causes ANGER between persons

• The Last RESULT will be the same.......

• ..................LOSS OF LIFE...........

Not only revenue...but,

• 1.LAND ADMINISTRATION

• 2.LAND REVENUE

• 3.PUBLIC SERVICES

• 4.DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1.LAND ADMINISTRATION

• OUTDATED RECORDS

• RESURVEY PROBLEMS

• Inefficient e-land

• Ignorance of i-land

• Incomplete Databank of govt.lands

• Doubtful Data bank of wet and paddy lands

• Register of Fair and Unfair value

2.LAND REVENUE

• Manual paper receipt system

• Absence of Digital receipt system

• Complexity of Building Tax Assessment

• Renewal of Lease problems

• Improper PlantationTax Assessment

• Problems faced in R R collections

3.PUBLIC SERVICES

• Issueing of various certificates

• Lack of Time,vehicle etc to enquire the appln.

• Many oddout circulars

• Lowest monetary limits

• Complexity of Non creamy layer certificate

• Other undefined works by village officials

4.DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Lack of Training

• Absence of co ordination

• Lack of Advance Fund

• Lazyness

• Low awareness

Primary Objectives of L .A .S

• An important government activity of all nation states is building and maintaining a land administration system (LAS) with the primary objectives of-

• (1) delivering sustainable development, particularly by supporting an efficient and effective land market. This includes -

• (i)cadastral surveys to identify and subdivide land,• (ii) land registry systems to support simple land trading

(buying, selling, mortgaging and leasing land) and• (iii) land information systems to facilitate access to the

relevant information, increasingly through an Internet enabled e-government environment.

i-Land vision; 5 concepts-

• 1.Information---Government’s basic activities are organized and linked to a location.Businesses,people,transactions and processes are linked to the land and building where they take place.

i-Land vision;

• 2. Interactive– Government and citizens have open access to land information and use it fforpersonal and governmental decision making.

• 3.Integration–Activities,standards,laws,processes and information of government,private sector and citizens are integrated

i-Land vision;

• 4.Internet and Tools—

• Spatial technologies viz,GIS,Web mapping services,GPS are used to record,integrate and provide acesses to spatial information and services

• 5.Institutions—Land spatial information is used ubiqutously across government departments and private sector

i-Land vision;

• The e-land administration concept as part of e-government initiatives is now being replaced by iLand – a new vision for spatially enabled land information. Land information, together with a jurisdiction’s spatial data infrastructure (SDI), now has the potential to transform the way a modern society functions: how tax is collected, how heath services are delivered, how the environment and our cities are managed, how we respond to emergencies and terrorism, and how elections are run. Linked to these transformational technologies, such as Google Earth and Microsoft’s Virtual Earth, or to location enabled platforms, land information has the potential for spatially enabling governments and societies in ways never imagined.

i-Land vision;

• The challenge now rests with land administration administrators around the world to capitalize on the opportunities provided by LAS, new technologies, modern land markets, iLand and SDIs to better deliver sustainable development.

Technical evolution of land administration

• 1970 1980 1990 2005 2010 Manual systemsHard copy Maps and Indexes

Digital Cadastal Data Bases and Indexes

Online Land Administration

Web enablement

e-land Administrationinteroperaability

iLand Spatially Enabled Government and Private Sector

From e-land to i land

• The e-Land administration concept as part of eGovernment initiatives is now moving to a wider use of spatially enabled land information, expressed in the concept of iLand- integrated, interactive spatial information available on the Internet.

Spatial Data Infrastructure

• The SDI concept, together with web enablement, stimulated the integration of different data sets (and particularly the natural and built environmental data sets) with these integrated data sets now considered critical infrastructure for any nation state.

• Developing effective land administration systems is challenging.

• It requires financial resources and trained personnel, both of which are in short supply

Land administration

• Land administration includes: • (1)the allocation of rights to land;• (2) the setting of land boundaries; • (3)the transfer of land rights through sale, lease,

loan, gift or inheritance; • (4)and the adjudication of land disputes.• It includes enforcement of land-use regulations

and land valuation. Land administration can be applied through formal (statutory) or informal (customary) land tenure rules.

L.A .problems

• Inadequate land administration can lead to problems. Without effective land registries—which provide a record of deeds or title documents—land parcels can be allocated to multiple people, resulting in conflict and insecure tenure. Without effective conflict resolution mechanisms, disputes can escalate into civil unrest and can turn violent. And without effective land-use planning, land will not be put to its most efficient uses.

Good L Admn

• Good land administration creates

• accurate, accessible, interoperable,

• timely, secure, and complete information about land ;

• and an affordable and efficient way that promotes confidence between the Public,Business, and Government.

CADASTRE

• The original meaning of the term cadastre has been extended to include a variety of land records, with the land parcel, lot, or plot at the heart of the systems. For example:

• 1.Fiscal cadastre, a register of properties recording their value.

• 2. Juridical cadastre, a register of parcels of land according to their ownership or use rights.

• 3.Land-use cadastre, a register of land use based on individual parcels.

• 4. Multipurpose cadastre, a register that includes many attributes of land parcels and addresses the wide range of issues

Basic tax=Land Tax

• A land- and property-based tax is cheap to administer, transparent, hard to avoid, and imposes political accountability at the local level. In many countries, taxes on land and property provide a significant source of revenue for local government, accounting, in some cases, for as much as 40 percent of all subnational tax revenue.

INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECNOLOGY IN LAND ADMINISTRATION

• ICT is an umbrella term that encompasses all forms of computing, information technology, Internet, and telecommunications.

• global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) • such as the Global Positioning System (GPS);

measuring equipment such as total stations and electronic theodolites;

• Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), • Digital aerial photography, • and Satellite data acquisition systems • and imagery processing; GIS;

DB management systems

• land data records management systems built on relational database management systems, workflow management systems; wide and local area networks; wireless technology; data storage systems, including data warehouses and Data as a Service on the Internet; and web services delivered by Internet.

Time Line of Survey

• Manual Land Traditional Surveying and data capture 1970• Internal data capture and computerization DBMS/DRMS

1980 • Internet-based information services 1990• Transactions with customers over Internet 2000• Interoperability with other government agencies (e-

gov/NSDI) 2005 • Web and mobile-phonebased services and e-transactions

with customers and suppliers Scanning and digital records management Total stations GNSS High-resolution satellite imagery and digital aerial photos Open data sources 2010

WORKING CONDITIONS

• (The unavoidable, externally imposed conditions under which the work must be performed and which create hardship for the incumbent including the frequency and duration of occurrence of physical demands, environmental conditions,demandsonone’ssenses and metal demands.)

Physical Demands

• (The nature of physical effort leading to physical fatigue) The Land Administration Officer will have to spend long hours sitting and using office equipment and computers, which can cause muscle strain. The Land Administration Officer may also have to do some light lifting of supplies and materials from time to time. .

Environmental Conditions

• (The nature of adverse environmental conditions affecting the incumbent) The Land Administration Officer may have to manage a number of projects at one time, and may be interrupted frequently to meet the needs and requests of residents, clients and contractors. The Land Administration Officer may find the environment to be busy, noisy and will need excellent organizational and time and stress management skills to complete the required tasks.

Sensory Demands

• (The nature of demands on the incumbent’s senses) Sensory demands include use of the computer, which may cause eyestrain and occasional headaches. The municipal office may be noisy and busy making it difficult for the Land Administration Officer to concentrat

Mental Demands

• (Conditions that may lead to mental or emotional fatigue) Significant stress is caused by the need to reject applications for land use. Stress may be caused by the need to complete tasks within tight deadlines.

Rising populations and Land Reforms

• Rising populations have put pressure on dwindling land resources, leading to widespread deforestation, land degradation, and landlessness. Various land reform interventions have been attempted, with limited success.

Technical Arrangements.

• The critical technical issues are the relatively low level of technology and the low skill levels of staff, coupled with the perception that the lack of access to technology is at the heart of most land administration problems.

Technical Failures

• In reality, incorrectly conceived and applied technology is likely to be a much more serious problem.

• Underestimating the need for appropriate human-resource training and development programs, and for the expansion of programs across the private sector or industry, is another critical technical issue.

Complex chain of officials

• A parallel issue is the failure to delegate responsibility to an appropriate lower level of competence. The convoluted whose signatures are required, in many jurisdictions, to approve many routine functions in the land administration process, adds to transaction time and expense, increases backlogs, and discourages participation in the formal system

• FAIR Value Estimation within weeks