Universal Broadband in Mumbai DP

Abhay KarandikarProfessor and HeadDepartment of Electrical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076karandi@ee.iitb.ac.in

Outline• Broadband wireless• Current scenario in Mumbai• Role of Municipal Corporation in Broadband• Case Studies• Planning

Broadband Wireless

Mumbai in 2030

City wide connectivity Public parks with Wi-Fi hotpots and free access

Public Safety and Vigilance

How do we reach there?

Broadband through WirelessMumbai

• Population density – 21k/sq.km• But, 34% (approx) wet land• Actual population density ~ 90-

100k/sq.km. in some areas or even more (Source: UDRI)

• Assume 10% use broadband services in such areas and 1 Mbps demand per user

• Very high capacity required: 10 Gbps/sq km– Assuming 2-3 cells/ sq km, we need about 3-4 Gbps per cell

With 100 MHz per cell (multiple operators and multiple technologies) ~ whopping 40 bps/Hz/cell !!!

Evolution of Wireless Systems

2G / 2.5GGSM / CDMA

10x

Kbps

1x

Mbp

s 3GWiMax / HSDPA

4GIMT-A / LTE-A10

0x

Mbp

s

Dow

nlin

k Sp

ectr

al E

ffici

ency

(bps

/Hz/

cell)

3

5-6 approx.

7 approx.

??????

Dat

a Ra

te

Wireless Mobile Systems

ObjectiveIncrease in Spectral

Efficiency

How do we reach 40 bps/Hz/cell

SolutionSmall Cells

Small Cells

Macro Cell

Small Cell

• Higher Spectral Capacity• Lower Transmit Power

Current Deployment Scenario in Mumbai

Current Architecture & Problems

Section of H-ward. Source: UDRI

Operator 1 Fiber Layout

Operator 1 Base Stations Operator 1

Fiber Layout

Operator 1 Base Stations

Operator 2 Fiber Layout

Operator 2 Base Stations

Operator 1 Fiber Layout

Operator 1 Base Stations

Operator 2 Fiber Layout

Operator 2 Base Stations

Operator 3 Fiber Layout Operator 3

Base Stations

Contrasting ChallengesCitizens:- Access to broadband- Data requirement with growing demand- Choice and migration across operators

Private operators:- Flexibility of planning- Network layout and architecture- Scalability and upgrades

Government of India:- Implementation of schemes as per National Telecom Policy

Municipal Corporation – Point of Intervention:• Right of way & digging permissions• Ensure availability of resources• Ensure no inconvenience to citizens• Ensure future-proof policies• Zoning

Municipal Corporation:- Enable use of citizen services to the masses- Interconnection of municipal facilities- Maintenance of public utilities like roads, flyovers etc.

Role of Municipal Corporation in Broadband

Roles of different entities • Private Telecom Operators – Infrastructure setup

and management • Government – Spectrum auctions • Any role of Municipal Corporations? – YES!!!

• Universal Service Obligation Fund?

• Enabler for private telecom operators• Broadband for citizen services• Municipal public-park approach

Enabler for private operators• Creation of Telecom Corridors– Lay trenches, dark fibers & conduits– Identify areas for tower installation (Zoning)– Provide connectivity to tower from trenches– Lease fiber to private telecom operators

• Changes in building code– Mandate builders to

provide ducts for optical fiber during construction

– Facilitate In Building Solutions (IBS)

• Map the details of all underground utilities and make available to all operators

Municipality laid fiber ducts/

conduits/ dark fibers

Gas Pipelines

Optical Fiber Ducts

Water Pipelines

Broadband for citizen services

School

Hospital

Police Station

Fire Stations

Municipal Broadband Tower

Municipal Telecom Corridor

CCTV Cameras

• Municipal Broadband – Services overlaid over telecom corridor

Municipal public-park approach• WiFi hotspots in public areas in underserved

locations

Case Studies

Case Studies – Stockholm • City owned network• Laid out by municipal

corporation• 10,00,000 km of fiber across

the city• Rented to operators for a fee• 90% of households

connected with fiber to home of which 25% are low household incomes

• Operates at a profit of ₹150 crores

Case Study – Lebanon (Oregon)• Public Private Partnership

Model• City wide coverage in a

partnership with ISPs• Access points provided to

educational institutions• Free Wi–Fi available to all for

limited time per month• Can be extended for a paid

price• Part of subscription money

received given back to local civic body

Planning

Mumbai Ward H/East

Includes• Dharavi slum cluster• Dense urban areas in Mahim / Santacruz,

Vile Parle• Educational campus of Mumbai University

in Kalina• Bordering the airport complex

Data• Area: 13.5 sq. km• Population: 5.8 Lakh• Slum Population: 4.5 Lakh (79%)• Number of households: 42.5k per sq.km• Population Density in residential zones:

~200k per sq.km

Mumbai Ward H/EastMain Conduits

Urban Bandwidth demand• 10k urban households• 5Mbps in 50% households• 25GbpsSlum Bandwidth demand• 34k households• 256kbps in 50% households• 4.5Gbps

Towers in 13.5sq km• 2Gbps per sq km• Small cells, 100Mbps

per 500m sector• Approx 250 towers

More than one operator Shared Tower Infrastructure

Dense Residential AreaEducational Areas

Government Services• Access to Schools/Hospitals• Public WiFi / Surveillance

Thank You!