CONFERENCETHEME

TheSecondComingofJournalism?Rebirth,resurrection,renewal,resistance,resurgence.

JournalismEducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia2017conference

UniversityofNewcastle

4-6December2017

ConferenceBook

TheSecondComing

WilliamButlerYeats

TurningandturninginthewideninggyreThefalconcannothearthefalconer;

Thingsfallapart;thecentrecannothold;Mereanarchyisloosedupontheworld,

Theblood-dimmedtideisloosed,andeverywhereTheceremonyofinnocenceisdrowned;

Thebestlackallconviction,whiletheworstArefullofpassionateintensity.

Surelysomerevelationisathand;

SurelytheSecondComingisathand.TheSecondComing!Hardlyarethosewordsout

WhenavastimageoutofSpiritusMundiTroublesmysight:somewhereinsandsofthedesert

Ashapewithlionbodyandtheheadofaman,Agazeblankandpitilessasthesun,

Ismovingitsslowthighs,whileallaboutitReelshadowsoftheindignantdesertbirds.Thedarknessdropsagain;butnowIknow

ThattwentycenturiesofstonysleepWerevexedtonightmarebyarockingcradle,

Andwhatroughbeast,itshourcomeroundatlast,SlouchestowardsBethlehemtobeborn?

Source:TheCollectedPoemsofW.B.Yeats(1989)

Table of Contents

Conference theme .................................................................................................................................... 1

Organisers’ Welcome ............................................................................................................................... 2

Thanks ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

Conference Information ............................................................................................................................ 5

Daily Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 6

Keynote Speakers JERAA 2017 ............................................................................................................... 9

Abstracts of Panels JERAA 2017 ........................................................................................................... 16

Abstracts of Papers JERAA 2017 ........................................................................................................... 27

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Conference theme:Inaspiritofoptimism,theconferencethemeexplores,analysesandconteststheideaofaresurgingjournalismandhowthatideafitsintothefollowingthemes:

– Truthinapost-truthworld

– Fakenews:opinionsvsfactsvsalternativefacts

– Comedyandnews:amarriageofconvenience?

– Beyondthecapitals:isthefutureofjournalismintheregions?

– Advocacyjournalism:collaborationforacommunityoutcome

– Howdowebestpreparecontemporaryundergraduateandpostgraduatestudents?

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Organisers’WelcomeWelcometo#JERAA17!AndwelcometoNewcastle–thetraditionalcountryoftheAwabakalandWorimipeople.Wepayourrespectstoelderspastandpresent.

ThesecondlargestcityinNewSouthWalesisintransition.YoumayhavealightedfromatrainattherecentlyopenedNewcastleInterchange,builtaftertheNSWGovernmenttruncatedtheheavyraillineatWickhamonBoxingDay2014inspiteoffierceopposition.OrmaybeyoulandedatNewcastleAirport,whichsitsintheshadowoftheWilliamtownRAAFBase.

ThelocalnewspaperTheHeraldpublishedaseriesofarticlesonthecontaminationofwatersourcesbyfire-fightingfoamrunofffromthebase.‘TheFoamandtheFury’wonitsreportingteama2016Walkley.Lastweek,oneofthereportersonthatteam,CarrieFellner,wonherthirdWalkleyforreportingonacancerclusterinCabbageTreeRoadandJoanneMcCarthy–whoholdsanhonorarydoctoratefromthisUniversity–rackedupherfourthWalkleyforarticlesonthemedicalcatastropheoftransvaginalmesh.

WearedelightedthatCarrieandJoannewillbespeakingat#JERAA17.GroupManagingEditorofFairfaxinNewcastleandtheHunterChadWatsonwilldeliverakeynote,provocativelyoutliningtheopportunitiesformediaorganisationsinregionalAustraliathroughnotjustsettingagendas,butchangingthemaltogether.

Theconstructionyouseeoutsidethespanking-newNeWSpacebuildingwherewegatherforourconferenceisforalightrailtorunalongHunterSt.WanderfromNeWSpacetowardsthecoastandyou’llendupinNewcastleEastwhereyoumightseethefinaldismantlingoftherecentlyheldSupercarsNewcastle500race.Oppositiontothebuildingofaracetrackinthemiddleofaheavilypopulatedheritageareahasdominatedthenewsformonths.

ThepeopleoftheHunterhaveahistoryofbeinginvolvedinstruggle.ItwasontheHunterValleycoalfieldswhereunionisminAustraliawonitsfirstsubstantialfollowing.ItwasinthesteelworksoftheBHP

wheremassivemigrantmigrationbattledracismtoworktheblastfurnacesthatmadesteel.AndinJune1942,BigHarry’sPlacewasthetargetof34shellsfromJapanesesubmarineI-21.

IfyouwalkbesidetheharbouronyourwaytoNewcastleEastyou’llseeourfamousQueen’sWharfTower,slatedfordemolitionnextyear,somakesureyoupausetotakeinthisoutstandingerection.Onyourwayback,swingpastourmagnificentChristChurchCathedral,andspareathoughtforthevictimsofsexualabusebymembersoftheAnglicanclergyinthatparish(andothers),wholastyeargaveevidenceoftheirtormenttotheRoyalCommissioninthenewlybuiltLawCourts,whichyouwillpassonyourwaybacktoNeWSpace.

Beyondthecapitals,there’salotgoingon.

Theconferencetheme‘TheSecondComingofJournalism?Rebirth,resurrection,renewal,resistance,resurgence’isdesignedtoprovokeaconversationinaspiritofoptimisminthesemostdifficultoftimes.

Topicsacrossabroadrangeofkeynotes,panelsandpresentationsincludefakenews,comedyandnews,regionaljournalism,advocacyjournalism,changesandadaptionincurriculumdirectionandtheexpectationandaspirationsofstudentsstudyingjournalism.

PresidentofJERAAProfessorMatthewRicketsonsaysthatjournalismeducationandresearchhaveneverbeenmoreurgentlyneededthantoday.

“Yes,weknowthepracticeofjournalismisbeingpushedandpulledinvariousdirectionsasthebusinessofmediahasfragmentedandbecomepreytoaglobalduopoly–GoogleandFacebook–thesizeandscaleofwhichwe’veneverseenbefore,butthatispreciselywhytheactivityofjournalism,especiallyjournalisminthepublicinterest,issoimportanttoday,”hesays.

ConferenceorganisersareespeciallydelightedthatheadofpolicyatFacebookMiaGarlickwilldeliverakeynoteontheFutureofJournalismproject.ProfessorSophiaA.McClennen,AssociateDirector

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ofthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity'sSchoolofInternationalAffairsandtheDirectoroftheCenterforGlobalStudies,ispresentingakeynoteonTrump,politicsandsatire.Otherkeynotesaddresshyperlocaljournalism,mediaforkids,localnews,anddatajournalism.

Panelsonadvocacyjournalism,work-integratedlearning,thefutureofjournalismresearch,andwomenintheacademycontributetothecontemporarynatureofthe2017program.

Weappreciatethatmanyofyouhavetravelledfartobehere.AswellasAustraliaandNewZealand,keynotesanddelegateshavecomefromtheUKandtheUS.Wehopeallofyouenjoyeverythingthisregionhastooffer.

WelcometoNewyand#JERAA17.

FelicityBiggins,JanetFulton,ChristinaKoutsoukosandPaulScott.

JERAA17organisingcommittee.

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Ourmostsincerethanksto:TheUniversityofNewcastleandtheFacultyofEducationandArtsandSchoolofCreativeIndustries(SOCI).

MelanieJames,former,interimheadofourpreviousschool,DCITforherenthusiasticsupportandgivingusthego-ahead.

TheheadofSOCI,PaulEgglestone,forhisenthusiasticsupportsoonafterhisarrivalfromtheUK,suggestingoneofourkeynotesandindeedopeningtheconference–cheersmate!

OurfriendsattheMindframeNationalMediaInitiative,Everymind,fortheirgeneroussponsorshipofourconference,includingourMorningTeaonTuesday.

WarmthankstotheReportingIslamteamforsponsoringthelunchforourpre-conferencedayonSunday.

Theacademic,professionalandtechnicalstaffofSOCIforalwaysgoingaboveandbeyond.

AspecialmentionmustgotoChristyHay,ActivitiesandEventsco-ordinatorintheSchoolofCreativeIndustries,whohasmadethetaskoforganisingtheconferencesomucheasierwithhercan-doefficiency.

Abigthank-youmustalsogotoourcolleaguesfromaroundthecountryandoverseasforaddingtotheironerousworkloadsbyrefereeingabstractsandpapersandfor“volunteering”tochairconferencesessions.

Toourextraordinarykeynotes,especiallythosewhohaveenduredlongflightsforshortstays,wesayaveryheartfeltthank-youandtoourinvitedpanellistsfromindustryweareverygratefulforyourtimeandexpertise.

Wealsowarmlythankourstudentswhohavebeenenthusiasticintheirsupportoftheconferenceasvolunteers.Theyhavetakenuptheopportunityacollegialconferencelikethispresentsandwehopetheyenjoytheopportunitytomeet,listenandexchangeideaswithacademicswhosedisciplinaryworkthey’velearntfrom.Abigthank-youtoZoe,Sarah,Jenna,David,Jordyn,SimoneandJavez.

Andwewanttothankyou,thedelegatestoJERAA17,forcomingtoNewcastletobepartofthistalkfest.Mayathousandideasbloom.

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ConferenceInformationJERAAAnnualGeneralMeeting

TheJERAAAGMwillbeheldonTuesday5thDecemberat5.00pm.ThevenueistheMainConferenceRoom(X5.02)attheUniversityofNewcastleNewSpaceBuilding.Anagendaandotherdocumentshavebeendistributedtomembers.JERAAmembersarewelcometoattend.

CertificateofAttendance

Ifyourequireacertificateofattendance,pleaseemailtheconvenorsatjeraa2017@newcastle.edu.au.

Conferencedailyinformation

ExtrainformationandupdateswillbepostedbytheconferenceregistrationdeskandonTwitter,#jeraa17.Foranyquestions,emailjeraa2017@newcastle.edu.auatanytimeoraskoneoftheconferenceassistants.

Conferencedinner

TheconferencedinnerwillbeheldatLongworthHouseinNewcastle.Registrationforthedinnershouldbeorganisedbeforetheconference(forcateringpurposes)andcosts$120.Spacesmaybecomeavailableduringtheconferencesoifyoudidn’tbookandwouldliketocome,pleaseemailjeraa2017@newcastle.edu.au.

Coffee,refreshmentsandmeals

Morningtea,lunchandafternoonteawillbeservedduringeachdayoftheconferencenearthemainconferenceroomforregisteredconferenceguests.

Outsidethesetimes,youarewelcometopurchasefromvariousvenues.ThereisacaféonthegroundflooroftheNewSpacebuildingandseveralcafesnearthecampus.

Wearetryingtobeasenvironmentallyfriendlyaspossible.Youareverywelcometobringawaterbottle.Eachfloorhasbubblersavailablewhereyoucanrefillyourbottle.

Internetaccess

WehavearrangedInternetaccessontheUniversitycampus.Logindetailswillbemadeavailabletothedelegatesonregistration.

Registration

TheregistrationdeskwillbeopenonMondayat8.00amand8.30amonotherdays.Itwillbestaffedduringthedaysoftheconferencefrom8.30amuntil5.00pmeachday.

Socialmedia

Joininthetweetingbyfollowing@JERAAusor#jeraa17.

Venue

TheconferenceisheldattheUniversityofNewcastleNewSpaceBuilding,CnrofAucklandandHunterStreets,Newcastle.ThemainconferenceroomisX5.02onthefifthfloorofthebuildingwithbreakoutroomsX4.01andX4.02onthefourthfloorandX6.02onthesixthfloor.Thereareelevatorsandstairsforthedelegates’use.

AllUONcampusesaresmoke-free.

WhereistheUniversity?

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DailyOverview

Sunday3rdDecember–Workshopday(NewSpaceBuildingX4.02)

11.00am ReportingIslam:TraintheTrainersessionPresentedbyA/ProfJacquiEwart

1.00pm Lightlunch-providedbytheReportingIslamProject

1.30pm MasterClassonpractice-basedandpractice-ledjournalismresearchforHDR/HonoursstudentsandsupervisorsPresentedbyA/ProfMiaLindgren

3.30pm HowtomakeapodcastPresentedbyToddSergeant,contentcreatorandBreakfastannouncerat2NURFM

Monday4thDecember

8.00am Registrationopens

9.00am ConferencewelcomeMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02WelcometoCountry–UncleKevinMcKenny(ChairpersonofWandiyaliATSIInc)WelcometoJERAA–ProfessorMatthewRicketson(PresidentofJERAA)WelcometotheUniversityofNewcastle–ProfessorPaulEgglestone(HeadofSchoolofCreativeIndustries,UON)Conferenceattendeeinformation–JanetFulton

9.30am Keynoteaddress-AndyDickinsonJournalism,multimedia,digitaleducatorandtrainer.MainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

10.30am MorningTea

11.00am AnneDunnawardpresentedbyJERAAPresidentMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

11.10am Panel1–AdvocacyMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

12.30pm Lunch–GrabyourlunchandjoininwiththeUniPollWatchpanel:BeyondUniPollWatch,introducingTheJunction

1.30pm ParallelSession1

2.45pm Afternoontea

3.05pm Keynoteaddress-ProfessorSophiaA.McClennen

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MainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

4.05pm Plenarysession-Womeninj-educationMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

5.30pm WelcometoJERAAeventDrinksandcanapes

Conferenceends7.00pm

Tuesday5thDecember

8.30am Informationdeskopens

9.00am Conferencestarts

9.00am Keynoteaddress-SaffronHowdenFounderandeditorofCrinklingNews,thenationalnewspaperforAustraliankids.MainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

10.00am MorningTea

10.30am ParallelSession2

11.45pm Panel2–WorkIntegratedLearningMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

12.45pm Lunch–Timeforcatchingupandnetworking

1.30pm Keynoteaddress-ChadWatsonGroupManagingEditorNewcastle-Hunter,FairfaxMediaMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

2.30pm ParallelSession3

3.45pm Afternoontea

4.00pm ParallelSession4*

5.00pm JERAAAnnualGeneralMeetingAllJERAAmemberswelcomeMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

7.30pm ConferencedinnerLongworthHouse-arriveat7.00fordinnerat7.30

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Wednesday6thDecember

8.30am Informationdeskopens

9.00am Keynoteaddress-FutureofFacebookProjectDrAndreaCarson-UniversityofMelbourneMiaGarlick-HeadofPolicyatFacebookMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

10.00am MorningTea

10.30am QandAMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

11.30am Keynoteaddress-KevinLDavisMainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

12.30pm Lunch–Grabyourlunchandjoinusincongratulatingourcolleagueswhohavepublishedbooksthisyear

1.15pm Parallelsession5

2.30pm Panel-HowshouldjournalismresearchinAustraliabeassessedbeyondERA2018?MainConferenceRoom-NewSpaceX5.02

3.30pm Afternoontea

4.00pm Conferenceclose

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KeynoteSpeakersJERAA2017AndyDickinson

ProfessorSophiaMcClennen

MsSaffronHowden

ChadWatson

Facebook:FutureofJournalismProject

DrAndreaCarson(UniversityofMelbourne)

MiaGarlick(HeadofPolicyatFacebook)

KevinLDavis

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AndyDickinson

Biography

AndyDickinsonisajournalismacademicandtrainerandisawell-knownandinfluentialvoiceintheonlinejournalismcommunity.Fornearly20years,hehashelpedstudentsnavigatethechanginglandscapeofonlineanddigitaljournalismbalancingskillsandacriticalviewoftheindustry.Healsoprovides

trainingandconsultancy,helpingjournalismorganisationsandhundredsoflocaljournalists,exploretheopportunitiesandchallengesofdigitaldisruption.Heiscurrentlyexploringthewayslocalandhyperlocaljournalismcanembracetheexplosionofdataanddatajournalism,tore-imagineaccountabilityatalocallevelandmakeachangeinthecommunitiestheyrepresent.

Formoreinformation,seeAndy'sUniversityResearchPageorhispersonalsite.

Keynote:Groundingjournalismeducation

Journalismeducationisatrickybalancingact.Ononesideisindustrywho,reactingtothenearconstantdisruptionofdigital,demandanincreasinglevelofskills,innovationandresponsivenessfromourgraduates.Ontheotheristherequirementtoservicethecriticalandtheoreticaldemandsofeducationandresearch.Issuesoftimeandresourcesweighheavyonbothsides.

Thebestofjournalismeducationrespondstothesecompetingdemandswithadynamicmixofpracticeandtheory.Weteachandlearnbydoingrealjournalisminthecommunitiesaroundus.Thosecommunitiesalsobecomethetestinggroundforourresearchandexperimentsininnovation.Butatthesametime,weknowthatlocaljournalismisunderextremepressurefrombudgetcutsandnewsroomclosures.Now,manyofthecommunitiesweworkandliveinhavelittleornomediarepresentationoraccesstoindependentmechanismsforaccountability.

Inatimeofunprecedentedpoliticalandsocialchange,ourfocusisoftendrawntotheworldstage.Globalperspectivesincreasinglydominateourthinkinganddemandaresponseofjournalismeducation.Butperhapsthereisasmuchofapressingneedtoreflectonourcommitmenttothosecommunitiesinwhichwetestthoseresponsesandwherestudentsdrawthestoriestheyusetolearntheirtrade.

Aswecontinuetoaskthequestionsof‘why?'and‘how?'wedojournalism,questionsthatdriveourapproachtoajournalismeducationthatis‘fitforpurpose’,itistimelythatweask‘Whoisjournalismeducationfor?’

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ProfessorSophiaA.McClennen

Biography

SophiaA.McClennenisAssociateDirectorofthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity'sSchoolofInternationalAffairsandtheDirectoroftheCenterforGlobalStudies.Shehaswrittentenbooks,twoofwhichfocusonsatireandpolitics.InherweeklycolumnforSalonshecoverstheintersectionsbetweenmedia,culture,andpolitics.

Sophiahasrecentlypublished,IsSatireSavingourNation?MockeryandAmericanPolitics(Palgrave2014),co-authoredwithPennStatecommunicationsundergraduateRemyMaiselandalsopublishedresearchonsatire,politics,socialmedia,andthemillennialgeneration.

Sophia’spersonalwebsiteissophiamcclennen.comandfurtherinformationcanbefoundatherPennsylvaniaStateUniversityresearchpage.FindheronTwitter@mcclennen65.

Keynote:TrumpisaJoke:WhySatireMakesSenseWhenPoliticsDoesn't

Theelectionof2016wasawatershedmomentforU.S.politics.DonaldTrumpwonthepresidencywithmoreexperienceonrealityTVthaninpolitics;theriseoffakenewsonsocialmediaallowedhystericalstoriestocirculatebroadlyatunprecedentedlevels;andwelearnedmoreaboutcurrenteventsfromcomediansthanwedidfromthemainstreammedia.TrumpisaJokeaskswhysatireisbetteratexposingtheabsurdityoftheTrumpagethantraditionalnewsoutletsanditconsiderswhethertheincreasingpowerofsatireishealthyforourdemocracy.Whilesatirehasplayedalargerandlargerroleinshapingpublicdebatesince9/11,theTrumppresidencyhasusheredinanerawhencomedianshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulinhelpingusunderstandseriousissues.FromJohnOlivertoStephenColbert,fromSamanthaBeetoSethMeyers,fromMichaelMooretoAlecBaldwinandMelissaMcCarthy,awiderangeofsatiristshasworkedtorescuetheAmericanpublicfromthemadnessoftheTrumpera.TrumpisaJokeexplainswhypoliticalsatireisontheriseandhowitscomedykeepsussane.

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SaffronHowden

Biography

SaffronHowdenisthefounderandeditorofCrinklingNews,thenationalnewspaperforAustraliankids.Saffronrecentlyranasuccessfulcrowdfundingcampaigntocontinuepublishingthenewspaper.

Saffronhasbeenajournalistforover16years,startingasacadetreporteratAustralianAssociatedPressandworkingattheDailyTelegraph,SydneyMorningHeraldandregional

newspapertheNorthernStar.ShealsoworkedinthepressgalleryatParliamentHouseinCanberra.

InNovember,CrinklingNewshostedthefirstevermedialiteracyconferenceforyoungpeopletodevelopguidelinesandanactionplantoimprovenewsandmedialiteracyamongyoungAustralians.MediaLiteracyLeaders,agedfrom10-15,ranworkinggroupsandapublicdebate,guidedbyjournalists,socialmediaexperts,academics,andcoveredtheconferenceasjuniorreporters.

Keynote:CatchingtheNewsBugs:WhyIgnoringKidsisBadforJournalism

Childrenagedunder15makeupalmost20percentofAustralia'spopulation.Yet,untillastyear,therewasjustonesignificantnewsmediaoutletaimedespeciallyatkids.

Agenerationagojournalistsandtheestablishednewsmediacouldaffordtooverlookchildren.Asadults,theywouldpickapreferredpublicationorbroadcastertogettheirdailydoseofcurrentaffairs:itmightbeChannelNinenewsat6o'clock,itcouldbeTheSydneyMorningHeraldorTheAustralian,oritmightbethecarradiotunedpermanentlytoRadioNational.Somehoworothermuchofthepopulationwouldenduphearingthenewsofthedayfromexperienced,professionaljournalistsguidedbyethicsanddrivenbyadesiretoinform.

Journalistsandtheirbossesgotcomplacent.Weshutourselvesawayinbigcityofficebuildingsanddecidedweknewbest-ourreaders,listenersandviewersdidn'tneedtoknowwhatwedidorhowwedidit.

SowheninformationexplodedontheInternet,thenewsmediawasfacedwithabigproblem:nobodyknewjournalismhadanyworth.

Reinvigoratingtheroleofjournalismincivilsocietystartswiththeyoungestnewsconsumers-children.

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ChadWatson

Biography

ChadWatsonstartedasajournalismcadetshipwiththeNewcastleHeraldin1989,aboutthesametimetheWorldWideWebwasinvented.Hespenthisformativeyearscoveringpolicerounds,football,surfingandrock’n’roll,runningthenewspapers-in-educationprogramandwritingfeaturestories.

HeprogressedtonewsroomleadershiproleswithTheSun-HeraldandSydneyMorningHeraldbeforereturning“home”totheNewcastleHerald,becomingeditorin2012.

ThemastheadwentontowinfourconsecutivePacificAreaNewspaperPublishers’Awardsasnewspaperandnewswebsiteoftheyear.ChadwasalsopartofaHeraldteamthatreceivedaWalkleyAwardforcoverageofcommunityandregionalaffairs.

In2015,FairfaxMediaappointedhimgroupmanagingeditorofNewcastleandtheHunter,aroleoverseeingadozentitles,includingtheHerald.

Chad,aUniversityofNewcastlegraduate,servesontheUniversity’sAlumniadvisorycommitteeaswellastheCommunicationdegree’sexternaladvisoryboard.Hehastaughtpart-timeattheUniversity,HunterTAFEandtheWorkersEducationAssociation(WEA).

HeisaWhiteRibbonanti-domesticviolenceambassador,aHunterRegionSportingHallofFamecommitteememberandpartofMindframe’snationalgroupadvisingonthemediaportrayalofsuicideandmentalillness.HealsositsontheboardsoftheJoyCummingsCentreReserveTrustandNewcastleFootball.

Keynote:Campaignjournalismandcommunityengagement:Whensettingthenewsagendaisnolongerenough

Newspapershavelongbeenhighlyregardedforsettingthenewsagenda.Nowweareencouraged,expectedeven,tonotonlysetagendasbutshiftagendas.ToomanyinvestigationsandinquiriesinrecentyearshaveshownthatweAustralianscan’trelyonourcivicleaders,orothersinpositionsofauthority,toconsistentlyactwiththebestinterestsofourcommunitiesinmind.

Societyseemstobelosinginthispowerstrugglewhereprivateinterestsandprivatefortunesresultinprivilegedpositionsonatiltedplayingfield.Advocacyjournalismcanaddressthat.Wecanbetherefereesinthisunevenmatchofconsequence.Wecanbeevenmorethanthat.

Regionalandruralmastheads,inparticular,canuniteourcommunitiesinawaythatthoseothergameofficials,asinourelectedrepresentatives,canonlydreamof.

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KevinL.Davis

Biography

KevinDavisistheprincipalofKLJDConsulting,astrategicrevenueanddevelopmentpracticespecializinginassistingindependentnews&informationcompaniesincreaserevenueandimpact.

DaviswasformerlytheinauguralCEOandExecutiveDirectoroftheInvestigativeNewsNetwork(INN),nowknownastheInstituteforNonprofitNews,aconsortiumofmorethanahundrednonprofitnewsroomsintheU.S.

Fortheorganization’sfirstfiveyearsofoperation,Davisoversaweffortstopromote

thesustainabilityofitsmemberorganizations,andincreasetheimpactofthepublicservicejournalismbynonprofits,incollaboration,viadigitaldistribution.

Asaformerpublisheranddigitalbusinessentrepreneur,Davishasover20yearsofexperienceinstrategicdevelopmentandgrowthatnewsandmediaorganizations.BeforejoiningINN,DaviswasresponsibleforoperationsatLosAngeles-basednewsorganizationsTheWrap.com,Variety.comand411Publishing.

Davishasspokenandlecturedaboutthenonprofitandindependentjournalismsectoratconferencesandinstitutionsglobally.

CurrentlyDavisspendshistimeworkingwithmission-drivenandnonprofitnewsorganizations,publicmediastationsandgoodgovernmentorganizationsintheUSandEurope.

DavisisaregularguestlecturerattheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinRiga,LatviawherehefocusesonteachingmarketingandrevenuedevelopmenttojournalistsandmediamanagersfromEasternCooperativeCountries.DaviswasalsorecentlyaSeniorFellowattheUSCAnnenbergNormanLearCenter’sMediaImpactProject.

Keynote:TheEngagingNewsroom

Today,manyleadingjournalismorganizationsaroundtheglobeare(re)discoveringtheneedtobetterservetheindividualsthatmake-uptheaudiencesandcommunitiesthattheyserve.Now,thenameless,facelessaggregatethatwerepackagedandsoldtoadvertisersarebeinginvitedintothenewsmakingprocessandengagedwithonmultiplemeaningfullevels.Why?Becausepeoplewhoseethemselves,theirvaluesandtheirconcernsbeingmetbyanewsorganizationaremorelikelytopayforthatnewsandinformationandfrequentthebusinessesthatrecognizethoseneeds.Newsorganizationsthatadoptengagementandwhichreflecttheneedsofthecommunity,ratherthantheneedsofshareholdersoradvertisers,arebuildingstrongmembershipfilesandcapturingmorerevenuefromthepeopletheyserve.Inhiskeynote,KevinLJDaviswillexaminethepublic-poweredjournalismmodelandtheimplicationsitandotherformsofmeaningfulcommunityengagementisbeginningtohaveonjournalismandthenewsbusinessmovingforward.Daviswillalsolookatthenewsetofskillsthatnewsorganizationsofallsizeswillneedtoinvestinand,therefore,theskillsetsthatgraduatingstudentsofjournalismwillneedintherapidlychangingworldofengagingnews.

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Facebook:TheFutureofJournalismProject

DrAndreaCarson(UniversityofMelbourne)

MiaGarlick(FacebookHeadofPolicy)

TheUniversityofMelbournewillpresenttheresultsofitsFutureNewsroomresearch.FundedbyFacebook,thestudyexamineswhatthefuturenewsroomlookslike,andwhathaschangedandwillchangewithrespecttotheskillsetsofjournalists.

Ontheinternet,everyonecanplaytheroleofjournalistandpublisher—capturingandsharingstories,imagesandvideoabouthowtheyexperiencetheworldaroundthemandtheirthoughtsandopinions.Insomeinstances,citizenjournalistshavehelpmainstreammediaextendtheircoveragefromliveatthesceneevents.Inotherinstances,citizenjournalistssharecontentthatcanbesharedrapidlyandcreateconfusionabouttheauthenticityofastory.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisapublisher,DrCarson’sresearchlooksatwhathaschangedandpredictswhatistocome

FacebookwillalsogiveanupdateonitsFacebookJournalismProject–aglobalinitiativetopartnerwiththepublishingindustry.ThroughFJP,Facebookhasmetwithseveralthousandpublishersaroundtheglobetocreateadialoguearoundhowpublishersuseitsproductsandhowitcouldmakeimprovementstobettersupportpublishers’needs.Thisincludesclosecollaborationonproductdevelopment,trainingandtoolsforjournalistsandtrainingandtoolsforaninformedcommunity.

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AbstractsofPanelsJERAA2017(PeerReviewed)

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ReportingtheRoyalCommission–fromthemicrotothemacro.What’sthenextstory?

(DartCentresponsoredpanel)

Chairedby:CaitMcMahon(DartCentreAsiaPacific) MelissaDavey(MelbourneBureauChief,GuardianAustralia)GemmaMcKibb(MelbourneUniversity) MatthewRicketson(DeakinUniversity)

TheRoyalCommissionintoInstitutionalResponsestoChildSexualAbuseisscheduledtohanditsfinalreporttothefederalgovernmenton15December2017.TheroyalcommissionhasbeenaneventofhistoricimportanceinAustralia,andindeedglobally.IthasfocussednationalattentionontheshockingprevalenceofchildsexualassaultinAustralianinstitutionsbothhistoricallyandintothecurrentday.Equallyifnotmoreimportantithasshoneforensiclightonhowsomanyinstitutionshavefailedsomanychildrenforsomanyyears.Theseinstitutionshaveincludedchurches,governments,schools,bothprivateandpublic,non-governmentwelfareagencies,sportingbodies,thescoutsandtheAustralianDefenceForce.In57publichearingsconductedacrossallstatesover400daysbetween2013and2017,theroyalcommissionhasheardfrom1200witnesses.Aswithalmostanyissueofsuchmagnitude,theroleofthenewsmediaalsohasbeenimportant,whetherinwritingstoriesthatputpressureongovernmentstoact,orinreportingthecommission’sregularhearings,orinprovidingaplatformforwiderdiscussionoftheissuesthrownupbythecommission’swork.Thenewsmediacoveragehasraisedthornyissuesforjournalistsasithasforpolicymakersseekingtorespondtotheroyalcommission’sinterimreportsaswellastoitsfinalfindings.ApanelattheannualJERAAconferenceisagoodvenuetobeginconsideringtheseissues.Theserangefromthoseatthemicrolevel,includingthepersonalpsychologicalimpactofreportingonalong-termstoryinvolvingregulardisclosuresofdisturbingevidence,tomacroissuessuchaswhatforceswereatworkininstitutionstocreateculturesthatfirstcondonedandthencoveredupbehavioursthatsocietyexperiencesasabhorrent.Thepanelwillfurtherexaminewhetherandhowinstitutionssuchasthecourtsandlegalprofessionwerecomplicitinthisdynamic.Thispanelwillbuildonaday-longworkshopconvenedbytheDartCentreAsia-Pacificnearthebeginningoftheroyalcommission’spublichearings;thatworkshopincludedjournalists,representativesofsurvivorgroupsandthechiefroyalcommissioner,theHon.JusticePeterMcLellan.Thepanelintendstostimulatediscussionaboutrarelyexaminedissuessuchastraumaassociatedwithlong-termreportingassignments,andorganisationalandculturalmoresconcerningchildsexualabuse,toopenupanewdiscoursearoundinstitutionalresponsestochildsexualabuse.

MelissaDavey

MelissaDaveyisMelbourneBureauChiefforTheGuardian.Shehasbeenreportingonthechildabuseroyalcommissionandfamilyviolenceforalmostfouryears.HercoverageofCardinalGeorgePell'sevidencebeforethechildabuseroyalcommissionsawhernominatedforaWalkleyAwardforjournalismwithhercolleagueDavidMarrin2016.ShehaspreviouslyworkedfortheSydneyMorningHeraldandtheSunHerald.

DrGemmaMcKibbin

DrGemmaMcKibbinisaResearchFellowattheUniversityofMelbourne,andhasabackgroundingenderstudiesandworkedpreviouslyatWIRE,Women’sInformationdeliveringinformation,referralandsupporttoVictorianwomenwithinafeministframework.GemmaisapostdoctoralresearchfellowshipincollaborationwithMackillopFamilyServices.Thefellowshipinvolvesactionresearchthataimstopreventharmfulsexualbehaviourandchildsexualexploitationin

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out-of-homecaresettings.Gemmahasastronginterestinpreventingharmfulsexualbehaviourbychildrenandyoungpeople,aswellasprotectingchildrenandyoungpeoplefromsexualexploitation.Gemmawasaco-authoronareportcommissionedbytheRoyalCommissionintoinstitutionalresponsestochildsexualabusetitled,‘Theroleoforganisationalcultureinchildsexualabuseininstitutionalcontexts’.

DrCaitMcMahonOAM(panelchair)

CaitMcMahonOAMisthefoundingManagingDirectoroftheDartCentreforJournalismandTrauma-AsiaPacific.McMahonhasbeenworkingwiththemediasince1988.Asa‘traumaandjournalism’expertandpsychologist,CaitisresponsibleforcreatingandfacilitatingtrainingprogramsacrosstheAsiaPacificregion.McMahonistheonlyAustralianpsychologisttobepublishedonthistopic.ShehasaPhDonjournalistsandtrauma,examiningposttraumaticstressandposttraumaticgrowthintrauma-exposedAustralianmediaprofessionals.

Sheisanationalandinternationalspeakeronpsychologicaltraumaasitaffectsjournalists,andtheonlyknownpsychologisttoworkfulltimewiththemediaonthistopicintheworld.In2016,shewasawardedaMedaloftheOrderofAustraliaforherworkwithjournalistsexperiencingtraumaexposure.In2014CaitorganisedtheDartCentrefull-dayworkshopforjournalists-EthicalReportingontheRoyalCommissionintoInstitutionalResponsestoChildSexualAbuse.

DrMatthewRicketson

MatthewRicketsonisanacademicandjournalist.HeisprofessorofcommunicationatDeakinUniversity.HehasworkedasanacademicatRMITUniversityandtheUniversityofCanberrawherehewasinauguralprofessorofjournalism.HehasworkedonstaffatTheAustralianandTimeAustraliamagazineandasMediaandCommunicationseditorforTheAge.Heistheauthorofthreebooksandeditoroftwo.In2011,hewasappointedbythefederalgovernmenttoassistRayFinkelstein,QC,inaninquiryintothenewsmedia.Theinquiryincludedexaminationofjournalisticstandardsandhowbesttoimprovethem.Matthewhasalongstandinginterest,asapractitionerandacademic,inhowthenewsmediacoverssocialjusticeissues.Heisdevelopingalong-formjournalisticprojectabouttheworkoftheRoyalCommissionintoInstitutionalResponsestoChildSexualAbuse.

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Asurveyofpodcastingasanewjournalismgenre

SiobhanMcHugh(UniversityofWollongong)MiaLindgren(MonashUniversity)BrittaJorgensen(MonashUniversity)

Theevolutionofpodcastingasamediumoverthelastthirteenyearsiswelldocumented(Berry2016,Bonini2015),butitsimpactasanewjournalismgenreisonlybeginningtobeunderstood.Therearethreemainpodcastjournalismformats:(1)gabfests,panelsofexpertswhoriffonthenewsandseemtoshareinsightsasopenlyasiftheyweretalkingtofriendsatthepub:hencethisformat’salternativename,‘chumcast’.(2)theextendedinterview,whichhasmigratedreadilyfromradiotobecomecolonisedbycomediansaswellasjournalists.(3)thecraftednarrativeformat:seekingtoemulatetheextraordinarypopularityofSerial(itnowhasover250milliondownloadsforitstwoseasons)newsroomsunleashedtheirlongforminvestigativejournalismteamsoniTunes,withmorethanalittlesuccess.Thepanelwillexaminetheevolvingrelationshipbetweenlegacynewsroomsandpodcastformats,withaparticularfocusonTheAge’ssuccessfulpodcast,Phoebe’sFallandtheNewYorkTimes’TheDaily.Itwillconsiderthegrowingnumberofpersonalstorytellingpodcastsandtheethicalissuestheyraise.ItwillalsosurveytheburgeoningofindependentpodcastproducersinAustraliawhocomefromnon-traditionaljournalisticbackgroundsandhowthatmayextendcurrentcategoriesofjournalismpractice.Ifemerginggenrescanbebothmediumandoutcomeoftextualpractices,asLudersetalpropose(2010:947),thenpodcastingcanbethoughtofasanewmediagenre.Thispanel,inshort,considershowjournalismintersectswiththepodcastinggenreandwhattheimplicationsofthatareforjournalismcontent,grammar,aestheticsandimpact.

PropagatingPodcasts:howprintjournalismcanexploitdigitalaudioformats

SiobhanMcHughUniversityofWollongong

Printjournalismisincreasinglyturningtopodcastingtoextenditsreachandamplifyitsimpact.IntheUS,TheAtlanta-ConstitutionJournalisintoitssecondseasonofatruecrimepodcast,Breakdown,whiletheCincinattiPostachievedacclaimforAccused.InAustralia,twonewspapersdeliveredepisodicpodcaststorytellingtopowerfuleffect:TheAustralian’sBowravilleexaminedtheunsolvedmurdersin1990---91ofthreeAboriginalchildren;whileTheAge’sPhoebe’sFallfocusedonthebizarredeathinagarbagechuteofayoungwomanandtheflawedpoliceinvestigationthatfollowed.BowravillewonaWalkleyawardandwasinstrumentalinhavingasuspectre---tried.Phoebe’sFallwongoldattheNewYorkRadioFestival,twonationalindustryawardsandtriggeredareviewoftheCoroner’sActinVictoria.PublicintellectualssuchasMalcolmGladwellofTheNewYorkeralsoconvertedtothepodcastform(RevisionistHistory),whilewithTheDaily,atwenty-minutesurveyoftopicalissues,theNewYorkTimeshasdevelopedapopularnewscommentaryformat.Butdiverseastheseformatsappear,thesuccessfuloneshaveonethingincommon:theypayovertattentiontotheaudiomedium,exploitingitsstrengthsandavoidingitsweaknesses(McHugh2016).Tothisend,theNewYorkTimeshiredsixaudioproducers,whileRevisionistHistoryishelmedbyformerNPRveteranJuliaBarton.Bowraville’sDanBoxisaformerBBCreporter,whilePhoebe’sFallcommissionedaudiospecialistsJuliePosettiandauthorofthispaper,SiobhanMcHugh,asconsultingproducers.

Thispapersurveysthetaxonomyofjournalismpodcasting,fromnews---centricformatsandpanelstocraftedstorytelling.Itexamineswhataudiocanbringtoprintreportage,howpodcastingdiffersfromradio–andhowpodcastingcanscaffoldprintjournalisminthedigitalage.

SiobhanMcHughisaninternationallyrecognisedwriter,oralhistorianandpodcaster/broadcasterandthefoundingeditorofRadioDocReview,thefirstscholarlyjournaldedicatedtocriticalanalysisofthecraftedaudiofeature/podcastform.HerworkhasnumerousawardsincludinggoldandbronzeawardsattheNewYork

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RadioFestival.McHugh’sarticle,“TheAffectivePowerofSound:OralHistoryonRadio”isamongOralHistoryReview’smostcited.Shewasconsultingproducerontheinvestigativestorytellingpodcast,Phoebe'sFall,producedbyTheAgenewsroominMelbourne(2016).SheisSeniorLecturerinJournalismattheUniversityofWollongong.

Personalstorytelling:conceptualizingjournalisticpodcastingasafield

MiaLindgrenMonashUniversity

Personalstoriespermeatethecontemporarymedialandscape,wherehumanexperiencesareusedtosellproducts,promotepublichealthmessagesandofcourse,attractaudiencestojournalisticcontent.RosalindCoward(2013)mapsthehistoryofpersonalandconfessionaljournalismfromNewJournalismintheUSinthelate1960sviatabloidizationinthe1980stotoday’sself-reportinginonlineenvironments,includingpodcasting.Coward(ibid)describespersonalandconfessionaljournalismasstorieswherethesubject’slivedexperiencetakescentrestageand/orwherejournaliststhemselvesbecomecharactersintheirstories.Thisculturalform,focusedonthepersonalandemotionalaspectsofhumanlife,isatthecentreofrecentblockbusterpodcastproductions,mostrecentlyS-Town,attractingmillionsoflistenerstoitsaudiostorytelling.Sincepodcastingisamediumthatprivilegestheintimacyofvoice,theseaudio‘stories’canbeseenasaperfectplaceforinterpretationofsocialandculturallifethroughasubjectiveandoftenemotionallens.This‘obsession’withpersonalstoriesisraisingquestionsabouttheethicsofusingpeople’ssecretsandpainforpodcastentertainment(Goudeau,2017).Furthermore,sincetheterm‘storytelling’isincreasinglyusedtodescribeavarietyofjournalisticaudioformatsandpractices,asscholarsweneedtodiscussanddefinewhatweactuallymeanbystorytellingandwhatmethodswemightusetostudypodcastingforms.Thispapergivesabroadinterdisciplinaryreviewofthestorytellingliteratureacrossdisciplines.Itarguesthatthatwearebeginningtoseethedevelopmentofajournalisticfieldwithcommonelementsofgenrehood,whichrequiresasetofcriteriatobeusedwhencritiquingtheform.Understandingjournalisticpodcastingasafieldwillprovidefruitfulopportunitiesforfurtherresearchintothiscontemporaryaudiodevelopment.

AssociateProfessorMiaLindgrenisFoundationHeadofSchoolofMedia,FilmandJournalismatMonashUniversity,Australia.Sheisco-authoroftwobooksaboutbroadcast;AustralianBroadcastJournalismisnowinitsthirdedition(OUP,2013).Sheworksacrosstraditionalandnon-traditionalformsofresearch,publishingherworkinpeer-reviewedacademicjournalsandasradioproductions;intheareasofjournalismstudies/practice,journalismeducation,memoryandtraumaandradiostudies.Sheisco-EditorofTheRadioJournal:InternationalStudiesinBroadcast&AudioMediaandAssociateEditoroftheonlinejournalRadioDocReview.

Podcastingthepodcasters–usingpractice-ledresearchtodocumentthemethodologiesofemergingproducersinAustralia

BrittaJorgensenMonashUniversity

Podcastingisbreakinggroundasaplatformforevolvingformsofjournalismandprovidesanopportunityfornewaudiogenresandnewproducers.However,littleisknownaboutwhotheyareandhowtheyareexperimentingwithpodcasting.Thispaperlooksatoneapproachtomappingthisrelativelyunchartedcornerofthejournalismspherethroughpractice-ledresearch.MydoctoralresearchusestheaudiomediumitselfasanexperimentalresearchtooltodocumenttheproductionprocessesofaselectedgroupofemergingradioproducersandpodcastersinAustralia,includingmyself,andcommunicatetheresearchfindingsinathree-partself-reflexiveradiodocumentary/podcastseriesaboutthegrowingradiocommunityinAustralia.Fiveproducerswillbefollowedoverthecourseoftwoyearsinaseriesofongoinginterviewsandwillkeepaudiodiariesabouttheirproductionprocesses.

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Thistypeofprojectaddressesthedualchallengeofdocumentingandcommunicatingnon-traditionalresearchfindingstobothmediaresearchersandabroaderaudiencebyusingtheuntappedaudiomediumasaresearchtoolinitself.Italsoaddressestheneedformoreresearchintoindependent,casualorvolunteerproducersandarguesinfavourofpaintingabroaderpictureofjournalismpractice,particularlyintheareaofradio,buildingontheworkofLindgren(2013).Itwillmakeasignificantcontributiontoboththeunder-researchedfieldofradiojournalismandthegrowingbutstilllimitedbodyofpractice-ledjournalismresearch.

BrittaJorgensenisaPhDcandidateatMonashUniversityinMelbourne,Australia,undertakingapractice-ledthesisinradiojournalism.Sheisalsoaradioproducer,withastrongbackgroundincommunityradioandpodcasting,currentlyworkingasasupervisingproducerforAlltheBest,thenationalAustraliandocumentaryslotforFBIcommunityradio.Shehaspreviouslyworkedonnationalcurrentaffairsprogram,TheWire,the2015CBAA’sNationalFeaturesandDocumentarySeries,asanexecutiveproduceratEdgeRadioinHobartandshehasalsoproducedstoriesfor936ABCRadio,AlltheBest,AudiocraftandindependentpodcastSleepTalker.

References:

Berry,R.(2016).Podcasting:Consideringtheevolutionofthemediumanditsassociationwiththeword‘radio’.TheRadioJournal:InternationalStudiesinBroadcastandAudioMedia14(1),7-22.

Bonini,T.(2015).The‘secondage’ofpodcasting:reframingpodcastingasanewdigitalmassmedium.QuadernsdelCAC,Vol41,18July,21---30.CowardR.(2013).Speakingpersonally:theriseofsubjectiveandconfessionaljournalism.Basingstoke,PalgraveMacMillan,Houndmills.Goudeau,J.(2017,April9).WastheartofS---Townworththepain?,TheAtlantic,Retrievedfromhttps://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/04/was---the---

art---of---s---townworth---the---pain/522366/Lindgren,M(2013).Notdeadyet:EmergingtrendsinradiodocumentaryformsinAustraliaandtheUS.AustralianJournalismReview,35(2),101-13.Lüders,M.,Proitz,L.&Rasmussen,T.,(2010).Emergingpersonalmediagenres.NewMediaandSociety,12(6),947---63.McHugh,S.(2016).Howpodcastingischangingtheaudiostorytellinggenre.TheRadioJournal:InternationalStudiesinBroadcastandAudioMedia,14(1),65---82.

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Threetakesonjournalismredundancies

LawrieZion(LaTrobeUniversity)PennyO'Donnell(TheUniversityofSydney)AndrewDodd(SwinburneUniversity)TimMarjoribanks(LaTrobe/Swinburne)MerrynSherwood(LaTrobeUniversity)MatthewRicketson(DeakinUniversity)

ThesignificantcutstoAustralianjournalismjobsin2012,whenanestimatedtenpercentofthetotaljournalismworkforcebecameredundant,formedtheimpetusfortheNewBeatsProject.Sincethen,manymorejournalismjobshavebeenlost,andtherearestillnosignsofanabatementoftheradicalrestructuringofAustralia’snewsmediathathasflowedfromdigitaldisruption.Theclassifiedadvertisingbusinessmodelthatoncesupportedprinthasbeenshattered,andhardwononlineadvertisingrevenuefornewsorganisationshasalsobeendepleted,thankstothemigrationofaudiencestoFacebookandGoogle.Whathasthismeantforthethousandsofjournalistswhosepositionshavebeenmaderedundant?Andforthemedia,whichhaslostsomanyofitsmostexperiencedpractitioners?Since2014,ourteamhasbeenfollowingthepost-redundancycareersofacohortofthesejournaliststhroughfourannualsurveys,thelastofwhichhasjustbeencompleted.Thetrendsandthemesthathaveemergedoverthecourseofthisprojectwillbediscussedinourfirstpaper.Wehavealsoundertaken,inassociationwiththeNationalLibraryofAustralia,tocomplete60‘wholeoflife’interviewswithsurveyparticipantstoestablishanoralhistorycollectionofthelivesofjournalistsinAustralia.Findingsfromtheseinterviewsandourplannedcompanionbook,willbediscussedinpapertwo.Ourfinalpaperfocusesonmediacoverageofredundanciesoverthelastfiveyears,thepracticalandconceptualchallengesfacedbyourownresearchteamwhentryingtoverifythepreciseextentofjournalismjoblossinAustralia,andtheextenttowhichjournalistshavecommunicatedtheirownreflectionsontheircareersandthemediaastheyleavethebuildingstheyhaveworkedinforthebulkoftheirprofessionallives.

Wheredojournalistsgoafternewsroomjobcuts?FouryearsofsurveysofjournalismredundanciesinAustralia

DrMerrynSherwoodDrPennyO’DonnellProfessorTimothyMarjoribanks

NewBeatsannualsurveysofjournalistswhotookredundanciesfromAustraliannewsroomsin2012,2013and2014providearichdatasetdocumentingourcohort’sdemographics,detailsofjobslostandgained,andperceptionsofindustrychangealongwithqualitativeinsightsintothefinancial,well-beingandemotionalcostsassociatedwithredundancyandthechallengesofmoving.Withthefinalonlinesurveydeliveredinlate2017,thispaperisthefirsttopresentalongitudinaloverviewofthesefoursurveysandtheirmajorfindings.

Thereareanumberofkeythemesthathaveemergedovertimethatwillbeaddressed.Thefirstkeythemeisre-employment,andwhetherornotparticipantsstillworkedwithinjournalismpost-jobloss.While60percentofrespondentstothe2014surveycontinuedtoworkwhollyorpartlyinjournalismroles(Zionetal,2016),thispatternhasbecomemorecomplicatedovertimeforreasonsthatwillbeoutlined.Asecondmajorthemeisaroundtypesofworkandemploymentstatus.Ourinitialsurveynotedthatwhilemanystillremainedinjournalism,theyhadmovedtomoreprecariousformsofwork–contact,casualandfreelance.Thispaperwillexplorethetypesofworkparticipantsengagedinovertime,andwhetherornotthismovetoanenvironmentofprecariousworkwassustained.

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Thirdly,whileparticipant’sincomewasrevisedsharplydowninthefirstsurveycomparedtopre-redundancylevels,particularlyforthosewhostayedworkingwithinjournalism,subsequentsurveyshavenotedanincomerecovery,withhalfoftheparticipantsnotingtheyearnedmorethantheyearbefore.Thispaperwillbeabletopresentananalysisofincomeovertime.Inadditiontobroadoverviewsofthesekeythemes,variablessuchasageandgenderwillbeappliedtoexplorethedatafurther.

Thispaperwillhelpfurtherinformthegrowingliteratureonnewsroomchange,precariousworkandprofessionalidentityinjournalism(Deuze&Witschge,2017;Nikunen,2014;Meyers&Davidson,2016;Sherwood&O’Donnell,2016).Additionally,inatimewhenjournalismredundancieshaveonlybecomemorecommon,withanestimated3000jobscutfromtheAustralianmediasince2012,itwillalsoaimtoprovidepracticalinsightsintopotentialcareerpathwaysforjournalists–bothinsideandoutsidenewsrooms.

CapturingtheWisdom:Recordingwhole-of-lifeinterviewswithredundantAustralianJournalists.

AndrewDoddMatthewRicketsonLawrieZionPennyO’Donnell

OneofthemajoroutcomesfromtheNewBeatsprojectisaseriesofsixtyinterviewswithjournalistsfortheNationalLibraryofAustralia’soralhistorycollection.Theparticipantswereselectedtorepresentawiderangeofjournalistictraditions,beatsandmediumsbuttheyallhadonethingincommon,havingbeensubjectedtoeitheravoluntaryorinvoluntaryredundancysince2012.Aslong-forminterviews,someextendingtoeighthoursindurationandconductedusingoralhistorytechniques,eachconversationspanstheentiretyoftheparticipant’slife–fromearliestmemoriesandchildhoodexperiencestotheiractivitiespost-redundancy,whetherinsideoroutsidethenewsmedia.These‘whole-of-life’interviewswilladdtotherichcollectionofarchivedvoicesintheNationalLibrary’scollection.Collectivelytheirstoriesalsoformareservoirofwisdomintheformofanecdotes,experiencesandinsights,aboutthenatureandpracticeofreportinginAustralia.Ourintentionistocollatetheseinatleasttworadiodocumentariesandinabookcalled‘LivesinJournalism’,whichwillincludehundredsofstoriesaboutthemajormomentsinthesereporters’careers.Thebook’schapterswillcovertopicssuchas:earliestinfluences,thefirstjobinterview,newsroommentors,dealingwithtraumaandthechallengesofchasingdifficultstories.Thebookwillchartthewayjournalismchangedasnewtechnologyaffectedbusinessmodelsandhowworkingconditionsandstaffmoralewereimpactedbytighterbudgetsandtheloomingthreatofmass-sackings.Severalchapterswillfocusontheredundancyexperience,includingtheleaduptodismissalandtheoften-definingmomentwhenaveteranreporterwasescortedtothedoorcarryingtheirbelongingsinaboxafteracareerasaloyalreporterforthecompanythathasjustdispensedwiththeirservices.ThispaperdiscussessomeofthelessonslearnedfromconductingtheseinterviewsandthewaysinwhichthisapproachcanhelpuspreservesomeofwhathasbeenlostfromtheAustraliannewsmediaforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.

Whatthejournalistredundancytimelinetellsus

LawrieZionMatthewRicketsonAndrewDodd

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Sojusthowmanyjournalismjobredundancieshavetherebeen?ThisisthemostcommonquerywehavereceivedsincethecommencementoftheNewBeatsprojectin2014.Ithasprovedatrickyquestiontoanswer,butourattemptstocomeupwithmeaningfulresponseshavealsorevealedmuchabouttherecenthistoryofthedisruptionofjournalismasaprofessioninAustralia.ThispaperexaminesthechallengesandcomplexitiesofchroniclingthescaleoftheredundanciesofthousandsofAustralianjournaliststhroughmediacoverageofjobcuts.UsingthelensoftheNewBeatsproject’sredundancytimelineathttp://www.newbeatsblog.com/redundancy-timeline/wehavesoughttocapturethereportageofjoblossesacrossafive-yearperiodinanaggregatedchronologicalformat.

Thispaperwillarguethatassessingthescaleofjournalismjoblosseshasbeenexacerbatedbythelackofagreementastowhatkindsofnewsworkersshouldbecountedasjournalists.Anotherchallengehasbeenthatlargemediacompanieshave,tovaryingdegrees,beencircumspectaboutthenumberofjournalismredundancies.FairfaxandNewsCorp,whichhaveexperiencedthelargestnumbersofredundancies,havebothreportedontheirownjoblossesattimes,butthedeclineinthenumberofmainstreammediareportersinAustraliahasmeantthatsmallerdigitaloutletssuchasCrikeyandMumbrellahaveplayedamoreprominentroleincoveringtheexodusofstafffromnewsrooms.Thatsaid,coverageofredundanciesinTheAustralian’sMediaDiaryhasattimesbeenrevealingofjobsheddinginbothFairfaxandNewsCorp,andhasbeenbroadlysympathetictoalljournalistsexperiencingjobloss,includingthoseleavingrivalcompanies.

Anotherthemeexploredisthegradualchangeoverthelifespanofthisprojectinthewaythatjournalistshavebeenprovidedwithopportunitiesto‘signoff’withfinalfarewellpiecesintheirpublicationswheretheyhavereflectedontheircareersandonthepracticeofjournalism.Insomecases,thosejournalistshavealsobeenthesubjectoftributesfromcolleaguesandevenpoliticians.Thistrendreflectsagrowingsenseofresignationacrossmediaindustriesoftheinevitabilityofthedownsizingofnewsrooms,andarecognitionofthesignificancethelossofsomeofthemedia’shighestprofilejournalists.Thepaperalsoconsidersthesocialmediaresponsestosomeofthesefarewells.

DrPennyO’Donnell,penny.odonnell@sydney.edu.auisaseniorlecturerininternationalmediaandjournalismintheDepartmentofMediaandCommunicationsattheUniversityofSydney.InherroleasachiefinvestigatorontheNewBeatsproject,sheisresponsibleforliaisingwiththeMediaEntertainmentandArtsAllianceandforinternationalisingtheprojectthroughcollaborationswithCanadian,GermanandUKcolleagues.PreviouslyshewasleadChiefInvestigatoronresearchintothefutureofAustraliannewspaperswithAssociateProfessorDavidMcKnight(UNSW)andJonathanEste(WalkleyFoundation).

DrMerrynSherwood,m.sherwood@latrobe.edu.aulecturesinjournalismattheDepartmentofCommunicationandMediaatLaTrobeUniversityinMelbourneandisaChiefInvestigatorontheNewBeatsproject.SheisaformernewspaperjournalistwhohasalsoworkedincommunicationsfortheInternationalTriathlonUnion.HerPhDinvestigatedtheinfluenceofpublicrelationsonsportsnews,andherresearchandteachingengagewithjournalismpractice,mediadisruption,sportsmediaandgender.ShecoordinatesthesportjournalismmajorwithinLaTrobe’sBachelorofMediaandCommunicationdegree.

ProfessorLawrieZion,l.zion@latrobe.edu.auistheleadChiefInvestigatoroftheNewsBeatsprojectandDirectorofLaTrobeUniversity’sresearchfocusarea,TransformingHumanSociety.AformerheadoftheDepartmentofCommunicationandMedia,hewasoneofthefoundersoftheonlinemagazineupstart(www.upstart.net.au)whichshowcasesstudentwriting.Hisnewbook,TheWeatherObsession,whichwaspublishedbyMUPinAugust,examineshowdigitalmediahasreconfiguredourrelationshiptoweatherandclimate.PriortojoiningLaTrobein2006,heworkedasajournalist,broadcaster,anddocumentarymakerformorethan20years.

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AssociateProfessorAndrewDodd,adodd@swin.edu.auinConvenorofJournalismatSwinburneandaChiefInvestigatoroftheNewBeatsproject.Ajournalistforover25years,hehasworkedinprint,broadcastandonline.HewasamediaandbusinesswriterwiththeAustralianandabroadcasterwithABC’sRadioNational,wherehepresentedmanyofthenetwork’sprogramsandfoundedtheMediaReport.In2016heledtheUniPollWatchproject,whichinvolvedstudentsfrommorethan20universitiesincoverageofthefederalelection.InDecember,2017,hetakesuptheroleofDirectoroftheCentreforAdvancingJournalismattheUniversityofMelbourne.

ProfessorMatthewRicketson,matthew.ricketson@deakin.edu.au,hasrecentlytakenuptheroleasprofessorofcommunicationatDeakinUniversityaftereightyearsastheUniversityofCanberra’sinauguralprofessorofjournalism.AChiefInvestigatoroftheNewsBeatsproject,hewaspreviouslyMediaandCommunicationseditorforTheAge(2006to2009),andalsoledthejournalismprogramatRMITfor11years,andhasworkedasajournalistforTheAustralian,TimeAustralia,andtheSundayHerald,amongotherpublications.Heistheauthorofthreebooksandtheeditoroftwomore.HismostrecentpublicationisarevisededitionofWritingFeatureStories,whichheco-authoredwithCarolineGraham.

ProfessorTimMarjoribanks,t.marjoribanks@latrobe.edu.auisaChiefInvestigatorontheNewBeatsprojectandwasaprofessorofmanagementandAssociateHead,LaTrobeBusinessSchoolbeforejoiningSwinburneUniversityinOctoberthisyear.Hisresearchandteachingengageswithdebatesinorganisationalbehaviourandtransformation,andmanagementpractice,bothinAustraliaandinternationally,withaparticularfocusonmediaindustries,journalismpractice,sport,andnewtechnologies.

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HowshouldjournalismresearchinAustraliabeassessedbeyondERA2018?

ModeratedbyDrKaytDaviesAssociateProfessorJohanLidbergProfessorChrisNash

TheassessmentofallAustralianresearch,currentlyconductedundertheExcellenceinResearchAustralia(ERA)frameworkeverythirdyear,doesmatterasitinfluenceshowresearchfundingisdistributedbothinternallyatuniversities,andexternallyviafundingbodiessuchastheAustralianResearchCouncil.

Afterclosetoadecadeofdiscussionofhowjournalismresearchisbestassessed,thispanelwillbringtogetherdifferentperspectivesthatarevitaltothejournalismresearchcommunityinAustralia.Thecorequestionaddressedbythepanelishowjournalismresearchshouldbeassessedtocaptureandreflecttheresearchinthefairestwaypossible.

IntheJulyissue2017oftheAustralianJournalismReview(AJR),thejournalpublishedanumberofdiscussionpapersaddressingthisquestion.ThepapersalsosummarisedtheoutcomesofthefirstthreeERArounds(ARC2010;2012;2015)inregardstojournalismresearchinAustraliaandprovidedvariousperspectivesonwheretonextforjournalismresearchassessmentinAustralia.ThisisadiscussionofgreatstrategicimportancefortheAustralianjournalismresearchcommunity.

Thepanelmemberswillbeinvitedbasedontheircontributionstothisseriesofdiscussionpapers.ThepanelwillprovideashortsummaryoftheirAJRpapersandampletimewillbededicatedtoquestionsanddiscussion.

ReferencesARC,AustralianResearchCouncil,ERA2015Results,http://www.arc.gov.au/news-media/news/era-2015-resultsARC,AustralianResearchCouncil,ERA2012Outcomes,http://www.arc.gov.au/era-outcomes-2012ARC,AustralianResearchCouncil,2010Outcomes,http://www.arc.gov.au/era-outcomes-2010

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AbstractsofPapersJERAA2017Peerreviewed(Alphabeticalbyauthor)

Wikipedia–acollaborativejuggernautthataggregates,synthesizesandpublishesbreakingnews

DrBuntyAviesonUniversityofSydney

In2015TheNewStatesmencalledWikipediathe“mostinfluentialsourceofinformationintheworld”and“ourfirstdestinationwhenwewanttounderstandsomething”.Withinhoursofamajornewseventoccurring,suchastheParisterroristattacksortheManchesterbombing,Wikipediacontributorsfromaroundtheworldconvergeinavirtualnewsroomtoreporttheevents,followedcloselybyreaders,seekingtobeinformed.Thebreakingnewspagesareamongthesite'smostreadandmostedited.Wikipedia’sprotocolsofverifiabilitymeanthecontributorsrelyalmostsolelyononlinenewsorganisationsfortheirinformation,whichtheycollateandre-purpose.Despitetheclaimthat‘anyonecanedit’,theonlinesiteoperateswithinanestablishedhierarchy,muchlikeeditorsandreportersonatraditionalnewsdesk,withexperiencedWikipediansdeterminingwhatinformationisincludedandwhatisdeleted,accordingtovarious,often-contradictory,policies.Whilethesitemakesexplicitclaimsarounditsnewsreportingpractices,egthatitdoesn'treportbreakingnewsorregurgitatemediacoverage,thoseclaimsdonotstanduptoscrutiny.TheonlineencyclopediaemergedalongsidetheSeptember11,2001,terroristattacksintheUSandbreakingnewsisinitsDNA.Inmultiplewaystheonlineencyclopediashadows,mimicsandcompeteswithnewsorganisations.Thisplacesitwithinthenewsmediaecosystemandworthexaminingthroughajournalismstudieslens.

BehindeachWikipediapageisembeddedthehistoryofitscreation,includingeveryeditandthediscussionsamongcontributorsastheywrestlewithknowledgeconstructionandtheroleofWikipediainthemedialandscape.Usingquantitativeandqualitativemethodsofanalysis,thispaperinvestigatestherolesperformedbythe176contributorswhoworkedonthe2014CaféLindtpageasthenewseventunfolded.Itdemonstratesthereisa

hierarchyofeditorswhobringoddlyskewedinternationalinfluencesandoperateinwaysthatreflect,rejectandreinterpretestablishednewsroompractices.

InternationalisingJournalismEducation:TheForeignCorrespondentStudyTour

SabaBebawiandAndrewDoddUniversityofTechnology,SydneySwinburneUniversity

TheannualForeignCorrespondentStudyTour(FCST)toJordanisahighlypracticalinternationallearningexperienceledbytheUniversityofTechnologySydney(UTS)inpartnershipwithSwinburneUniversity.Theprogram,whichhasbeenrunningforthreeyears,issupportedbyDFAT’sCouncilforAustralian-ArabRelations(CAAR)underits'mediainterns'flagshipprogram.Thetourallowsstudentstoexperiencewhatitmeanstobeaninternationalreporterbyactuallybecomingone.ThroughanexclusivepartnershipwithSBSOnline,theprogramoffersstudentsopportunitiestofilenewsstoriesonthegroundwithrealdeadlines.Thisemulatesthe‘foreigncorrespondent’experienceandprovidesrealaudienceswithfreshinsightsonalittle-understoodregion.Thetripexposesstudentstoaninternationalstudyexperienceoutsidetheclassroomwhileprovidingthemwiththetoolstodojournalismwithinanotherculture.ThispaperdiscusseshowtheFCSTinternationalisesjournalismeducation-bybalancingscholarlyinteractionwithlocalhostuniversities,industryvisits,journalismtrainingseminarsandmeetingswithexpertsinthefield-whileencouragingpracticalapplicationoftheconceptualframeworksstudentshavestudiedaspartoftheirdegree.

‘ThePerfectStorm’?:Understandingthe‘fakenews’phenomenon

JenniferBeckettandDavidNolanTheUniversityofMelbourne

Whileonthesurface‘fakenews’referstothephenomenonofthepurposefulmanufactureoffabricatedstoriesforthepurposesofpoliticsandprofit,thispaperseekstopositionitassymptomaticproductofadrasticreshapingofmediatedpolitics.Tothisend,itadoptsagenealogicalapproachtoanalysing

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theshiftingrelationsthroughwhichcontemporarynewsformsemerge.Indoingso,itseekstocontributetoa‘historyofthepresent’,identifyingaseriesoffactorsandareasofchangethatmaybeseentohavecontributedtosuchtransformation,positioningthesehistoricallyinordertogainperspectiveonaspectsofcontinuityandchange.Somekeytransformations–therapiddeteriorationoflegacymediabusinessmodels,theriseofnewsasentertainment,changedmodesofconsumption,theconvergedmediaenvironment,theneedtodrawadvertisingrevenue,thealgorithmicallydrivenadventoffilterbubbles–areaboutthechangingfaceoftheindustry.Others,however,speaktocomplexchangesintherelationsbetweenonlinemediabusinessmodels,long-termtransformationsandemergentpracticesinthefieldofpolitics,andemergentknowledgessurroundingmediausers.

Thispaperconsiderstheparticularsignificanceofuserpracticesintheconvergedmediaspacethatcentreonthehumandesireforaffinityandbelonging.Thedeliberatetargetingofsuchaffectivedesiresinthe‘likeeconomy’,throughpracticessuchasthepreferencingofaffectivejournalismintheformofopinionandclickbaitheadlinesasawaytoincreaseengagementmetricsiscentraltotheenvironmentinwhich‘fakenews’hasflourished.Suchtargetingexplicitlyimpactsneurophysiologicalpathwaysthroughtheprovisionofopportunitiesforpeopletoaffirmtheiridentityandworldviewvialikesandsupportivecommentarytriggeringadopaminergicresponse,onethatliesattheheartofaddictivebehaviour.Ofkeyconcernisthewayinwhichentrepreneurs,hoaxersandpoliticalmarketersalike,inthewordsofearlyFacebookinvestorSeanParker,“exploitthisvulnerabilityinhumanpsychology”(CNNinterview,2017).

Whilethesignificanceof‘fakenews’andhowtocombatitremainafocusofsubstantialdebate,thescandalanddebatessurroundingithighlightsignificantquestionssurroundingjournalism’sshiftingboundaries,andraisepressingquestionsforboundary-drawingpracticesandpossibilitiesinaforwardenvironment.Inengagingwiththesequestions,thispaperaimstoprovidearesourceforconsiderationofjournalism’scurrentandfutureperformanceasa‘technologyofcitizenship’.

Changingwiththetimes?TheimpactofsocialmediaonlocalnewspapersinAustraliaandCanada

KathrynBowdTheUniversityofAdelaide

Theimpactofsocialmediaonjournalismpracticehasnotbeenconfinedtomajormetropolitannewsoutlets–localisedmediahavealsobeenaffectedbythegrowthofplatformssuchasFacebookandTwitter.Whileinmanycasessmallernewsoutletshavebeenslowerthantheirbig-citycounterpartsinmakingtheleaptosocialmedia,engagementwithoneormoresocialmediaplatformsisnowintegraltonewscommunicationforbothcorporate-ownedoutletsandindependentnewsprovidersoutsidemajorcities.Thisisnotonlychangingthewaysinwhichjournalistsandnewsroomsoperate,butalsohasthepotentialtoaffectongoingrelationshipsbetweennewsoutlets,journalistsandnewsaudiences.However,theimpactofsocialmediaonjournalismoutsidemajorcitieshassofarbeenthesubjectofrelativelylittleacademicexploration.ThispaperfocusesonthepreliminaryresultsofasurveyofjournalistsemployedbysmallernewspapersintwoAustralianstatesandoneCanadianprovince.TheonlinesurveywasdistributedtonewspaperjournalistsinNewSouthWales,southernQueenslandandBritishColumbia,withtheaimofexploringtheirperceptionsoftheimpactofsocialmediaontheirprofessionalpracticeandtheirrelationshipswiththecommunitiesservedbytheirnewspapers.Thesurveyfoundthatjournalistsinbothcountriesconsideredsocialmediaengagementintegraltotheirwork,butthatplatformssuchasFacebookandTwitterpresentedbothbenefitsandchallengesinnavigatingrelationshipswithnewsaudiences.Whiletherewasasenseofguardedoptimismamongrespondentsfrombothcountriesaboutthefutureofregional/communityjournalism,therealsoappearedtobeagreatdealofuncertaintyaroundhowthistypeofjournalismmightbesustainedinanongoing24/7,social-mediadrivennewsenvironment.

Identifyingtheneedsofjournalismamidsttheriseofonlinenews

MarcBryant,SaraBartlett,JenniferHowardandBrydieJamesonHunterInstituteofMentalHealth

Asjournalismcontinuesitstransitionfromprinttoonlinenews,therehasbeenasteadyrisein‘clickbait’andsensationalisedmedia.Thisissuccessfullydrivingtraffictonewssites,butatwhatcost?

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TwotopicsfrequentlyreportedinAustralianmassmediaarementalillnessandsuicide.Notonlyaretheysubjectsofpublicinterest,itisimportantthattheyarediscussedinthepublicforum.Itisimperative,however,thatreportingisdoneinasensitiveandethicalmannertoensurevulnerablepeoplearekeptsafe,anddiscriminationandstigmadoesn’toccur.

Theimmediacyofonlinenewsandthediminishedrelianceonsub-editorsincreasesthechancesofhigh-risk,sensitivecontenttobepublishedunfettered.

Mindframe’sevidence-basedguidelineshavesupportedtheAustralianmediaforalmosttwodecadesintheresponsiblereportingofmentalillnessandthesafediscussionofsuicidesthatareofpublicinterest.

Mindframecontinuestoworkwithcurrentandfuturejournalismeducatorsandstudentstoassistfuturemediapractitionersinmitigatingrisktovulnerablereadersandpromotinghelp-seekingbehaviour.Mindframedoesthisbyrespondingtotheneedsofmediaandjournalismstudentsandprofessionalsthroughpreandpostengagementevaluationwithusers.

Inlightofthe24-hournewscycle,nowmorethanever,Mindframe’sguidelinesarerelevantandnecessarytoensurevulnerablepeopleareprotected,andmentalillnessandsuicidearenotusedasclickbait.ThisoralpresentationwillexplorethecontributionandneedforMindframeinachangingjournalismlandscape,toensurethequalityandaccuracyofmasscommunicationaboutsuicideandmentalillnessisnotcompromised.

CollaborationforChange

MarcBryant,SaraBartlett,JenniferHowardandBrydieJamesonHunterInstituteofMentalHealth

MentalillnessandsuicidearewidelyreportedintheAustralianmassmedia.Thewaythatthesetopicsarereportedandcommunicatedcaninfluencecommunityattitudes,andcanevenleadtostigmaanddiscrimination.

TheNationalMentalHealthandSuicidePreventionCommunicationCharter(theCharter),alongwithMindframeguidelines,havebeendevelopedtoenableAustralianjournaliststoreportonmentalillnessandsuicidesafelyandaccurately.

Since2002Mindframe,managedbyEverymind,hasdevelopedevidence-basedguidelinesforAustralianmediaandcommunicationpractitionerstosupportsafe,accurateandeffectivecommunicationofsuicideandmentalillness.

In2014,theNationalMentalHealthCommissionestablishedtheCharter,whichsupportsanationalapproachforhealthcommunicationpractitionerswhendevelopingmentalhealthandsuicidepreventionmessages.MindframeistheCharter’s‘steward’andaimstoensurecollectiveresponsibilityandconsultationforitsongoingdevelopmentandimplementation.

In2007,theUniversityofMelbourneandtheUniversityofCanberraconductedthemediamonitoringstudyChangeinmediareportingofsuicideandmentalillnessinAustraliasince2001.ThestudyshowedthatsinceimplementationofMindframein2002therehadbeenanincreaseinthenumberofstoriespublishedaboutsuicideandmentalillness,aswellasanimprovementinthequalityofreportingonthissubject.

MindframeiscommittedtoensuringthatcommunicationprofessionalsimplementtheCharterandtakeownershipofitsongoinguseanddevelopment.

Thispresentationwilladdress:

– therationalebehindtheCharter

– thelevelofskillsandcompetenciesexpectedofcommunicationprofessionalswhenreportingonmentalillnessandsuicide

– waysinwhichMindframecansupportcommunicationprofessionalstotakeownershipoftheChartertoportraysafemessagesaboutmentalillnessandsuicide.

Rebirthorresistance?ReimaginingPhotojournalisticRoutinesintheAustraliannews

HelenCapleTheUniversityofNewSouthWales

Thefactthatthestaffpositionofthephotojournalisthasbeenallbuteradicatediswidelyacknowledgedinthejournalismliterature(Anderson

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2013;Allan2015;Thomson2016),andAustraliaisnoexception.PhotographicdepartmentsatFairfaxandNewsCorphavebeendecimated,again(Battersby2017;Meade2017).TheABChasforalongtimebeenrelyingonreporters,editors,producers,andpresenterstosupplynewsimagery,especiallyonregionalhappenings.Somenewsorganisationsblamelayoffsontheubiquityoffreeimageryonline(Lang2011,referringtoCNN’sdecisiontolayoff50photojournalists,techniciansandlibrarians),andakeyquestionemergingfromthistrendiswhethercitizensandorganisationsoutsideofjournalism,throughtheirengagementwiththedigitaleconomy,arere-shapingandre-definingphotojournalisticpractice.

Toaddressthisquestion,IexplorethesourcingofnewsimagerybythemajornewsprovidersinAustralia:Fairfax,NewsCorp,andtheABC,includingtherelativenewcomertotheAustralianmarket,GuardianAustralia.Icombinelarge-scalequantitativesurveysofthesourcingofnewsimagesintheAustraliannewsmediawithqualitativeethnographicinterviewswithindustryprofessionalsinordertoyieldmultipleperspectivesonthemassiveculturalshiftsbeingexperiencedbythejournalismindustrytodayandtoassesstheirabilitytoadaptpositivelytochange.

Threecasestudies,investigatingthesourcinganduseofnewsphotographyinthereportingofspecialevents–thefederalelectionof2016,AustraliaDay2017–andofaspotnewsevent–themajorstormsofSeptember2016inSouthAustralia–arecomplementedbyastudyofroutineeverydayreportingthroughout2017.Byexaminingbothspecialnewseventsandthemoremundanereportingofeverydayevents/happenings,thisstudyprovidesthemostcomprehensivestudyofphotojournalisminAustraliatoday.Myconclusionsshowthatratherthanrelyingonthefreelyavailableonlineimageryproducedbycitizenwitnesses,theAustraliannewsmediacontinuetosourceimagesfromprofessionalphotographicsources:amongthemformeremployeesnowworkingasfreelancers.Thus,weseeareconfigurationofworkroutinesintheAustralianphotojournalisticcommunity,routinesthataremuchdiminishedintermsofstability,security,andremuneration.

References

Allan,S.(2015)‘Introduction:Photojournalismandcitizenjournalism’,Journalism Practice 9(4):455–464.

Anderson,M.(2013)‘AtNewspapers,PhotographersFeeltheBruntofJobCuts’,Pew Research Centre,11November.Accessed12Jan2015.http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/11/11/at-newspapers-photographers-feel-the-brunt-of-job-cuts/

Battersby,L.(2017)‘NewsCorpgutsphotographydepartmentsamidjobcutsatcitytabloids’,Sydney Morning Herald,11April.Accessed29May2017.http://www.smh.com.au/business/media-and-marketing/news-corp-guts-photography-departments-amid-jobs-cuts-at-city-tabloids-20170406-gvfdu9.html

Caple,H.(2014),‘Anyonecantakeaphoto,but:Istherespacefortheprofessionalphotographerinthetwenty-firstcenturynewsroom?’Digital Journalism,2(3):355-365.

Lang,B.(2011)‘CNNLaysoff50StaffersafterEmployeeAppreciationWeek’,Reuters,11November.Accessed29May2017.http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/11/idUS39879393020111111

Meade,A.(2017)‘FairfaxMediatocutaquarterofjournalistsatSMH,theAgeandAFR’,Guardian Australia,2May.Accessed29May2017.https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/may/03/fairfax-media-job-cuts-sydney-morning-herald-the-age-australian-financial-review

Thomson,T.J.(2016)‘FreelancePhotojournalistsandPhotoEditors:Learningandadaptingina(mostlyfaceless)virtualworld’,Journalism Studies,OnlineFirstDOI:10.1080/1461670X.2016.1215851

Whatitmeansto'do'mediacriminology

KatrinaCliffordandRobWhiteUniversityofTasmania

Forthemostpart,scholarlyresearchandtheliteratureontherelationshipbetweenmediaandcrimehasderivedprimarilyfromsociologicalandcriminologicalperspectiveswithanunder-developedregardforanappliedor‘workingknowledge’ofjournalismandothermediapractices.Theresulthasbeenamostlyone-dimensionalinterpretationofthemedia-crimenexusthatover-emphasisesandperpetuatestheideathatmediatedrepresentationsofcrime,criminalityandcriminaljusticeare‘badnews’

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orientedanddistortingincontent.Thisbothnegatesthefactthatpositiveportrayalsarepossible,anddoindeedoccur,aswellasthewaysinwhichmedia(initsbroadestterms)canoffermarginalisedindividualsaplatformfromwhichto'speakback'andlobbyforchange.Whilsttheprovincialismevidentwithinthepracticeofmediacriminologymaynotbeproblematicinitself,wearguethatthereismuchtobegained–intermsofricher,deeper,reflexive,nuancedandappliedformsofanalyses–fromamoredeliberatecouplingandconvergenceoftheempiricalknowledge,conceptualapproachesandresearchmethodologiesspecifictothedisciplinaryfieldsofcriminologyandjournalismandmediastudies.Thispapersharestheexperiencesofarecentcollaborationofthiskind.Itexploresthewaysinwhichwehavebothbeenchallengedbytheperspectivesandspecialistlanguageoftheother,buthaveultimatelycometoconcludethatthisisnotreasonenoughtoabandontheinterdisciplinaryenterprise;thebenefitscanfaroutweighthedrawbacks.Inparticular,wesuggestthatbringingtogetherthebestofbothdisciplinarybackgrounds,experiencesandexpertisecancreateaspaceinwhichtocriticallydiscuss,debateandlearnfromoneanotherincreativeandproductiveways.Moreimportantly,itoffersachancetotryandunderstand,negotiateandrealisewhatitmeansto‘do’mediacriminology,especiallywithinachangingmediaenvironment.

“Humanitycanneverletthishappenagain:”Remembrance,resistanceandthealt-right©

DrCarynCoatneyUniversityofSouthernQueensland

AnonlineresurgenceofHolocaustdenialhassparkedamovementofcitizenactivistswhohavestagedtheirownmediatheatresofjusticetochallengethealt-right,orultranationalism,inAustralia.Thispaperasks:howhaveprofessionaljournalistsrespondedtothepoliticsofemotionintheonlinerepresentationsofHolocaustdenial,evasionandprotest?Certainly,therehasbeenlittlenewsanalysisonthere-emergenceoftheformerlyfascistslogan,AustraliaFirst,anditshistoricalunderpinningsintheAustraliaFirstMovementofNazisympathisersduringWorldWarII.Thisstudyhasexaminedthemediaportrayaloftherelatedhistoricalterms,AustraliaFirstandHolocaustdenial,inonlinenewsarticlesduringthepastyear.Thispaper

drawsuponTheodorW.Adorno’sconceptofremembranceandMichelFoucault’sregimesoftruth.Contemporaryjournalistsoftenshowedthatthecitizenactivistsaccomplished,usingAdorno’sterms,anabilityforworkingthroughthepastasadynamiccommunicationprocessbypostingonlinevideostoresistHolocaustdenial.AstheGuardian(27April2017)quotedaJewishstudentunionrepresentative,theactivistsintendedtoattractmediaattentiontowardstheneedforremembranceandcriticalreflectiontoensurethat“humanitycanneverletthishappenagain”.Manynewsreportsrepresentedatendencytocorrectthealt-rightattemptstodisseminateregimesofpost-truth,atermcoinedbyJaysonHarsin.YetthenewsanalysesrarelymentionedtheproblematiclegacyoftheAustraliaFirstMovement.Theslogan,AustraliaFirst,hasreappearedinmainstreampoliticaleffortstoappealtodisaffectedvoters.ThecontemporaryrhetorichasmitigatedthesloganasahistoricaleuphemismforNazisupport.ThispaperalsoshowsthecapacityofjournalismeducationtoshedlightontheAdornianviewofbreakingacaptivatingspellfromthepast.

JournalisminregionalAustralia:Howregulatinglocalcontentisanecessaryevilinthedigitalage

HarryCriticosUniversityofNewcastle

Atthebeginningof2015,thePrimeMediaGroup,ownersofPrimeTelevision,closeddownitsTamworthproductionstudiosandnewsroom,choosingtocentralisetheiroperationsinCanberra.WhilethecompanyhasmaintainedjournaliststoreportstoriesintheTamworthregion,thelossoflocalproductionaddedtothelossoflocalcontentandlocalnewsroomsinprint,televisionandradioacrossregionalAustralia.Thisthenraisesthequestionofwhetherthepushbymediacompaniesforchangestomediaownershiplawswillresultinrestoringthosenewsroomsandproductionfacilitiesthatwerecloseddown.TheSaveOurVoicescampaignbyregionaltelevisionstationsPrime,Win,SouthernCrossAustereo(SCA)andImparja,arguesthatchangestothemediaownershiplawswill“ensureastrongregionalmedia,andastrongervoiceforregionalandruralAustralia”(SOV,2017).Radionetworks,liketelevision,havealsocentralisedtheirnewsroomsresultinginfewerjournalistsinregionalareassince

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deregulationin1992.However,goingagainstthistrendofcontraction,SouthernCrossAustereohavemadethefirstmovebyemployingaround80journalistsinregionalNewSouthWales,QueenslandandVictoria.Whilethisisgoodnewsfortheregionalareas,thedownsideisthatthenewswillbecompiledandbroadcastfromaSCAhub.Thequestionis,ifthiscanhappenunderthecurrent‘regulated’environment,isthereaneedforchangestomediaownershiplaws?ThereisanargumentherethatthefutureforjournalisminregionalAustraliareliesonregulationtoplayitsroleinensuringthatthevoicesandstoriesofregionalAustraliacontinuetobetold.Conversely,isaneoliberalapproachof‘letthemarketdecide’amorepracticalapproachinthedigitalage?SincemuchhasbeenwrittenovertheyearsonthelossofnewsroomsaroundAustraliaasaresultofbroadcasterslookingatminimisingtheircosts(Hess,Waller,&Ricketson,2014;Zion,Sherwood,O'Donnell,Dodd,Ricketson,&Marjoribanks,2016),thispaperwilltakeadifferentperspectiveofjournalisminregionalAustraliawithadiscussiononderegulation,theimportanceofnewsmedia-communitylinksinregionalareas,andtheroleofajournalistwithinanetwork.

ComedyTechniquesinSocialCommentary

RobertCrosbyandMichaelMeany UniversityofNewcastle

Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofthreekeysconceptsthatlinktheuseofcomedytothepracticeofjournalisminthecoverageofsocialissues:framing(Burke,1937);comedyasasocialcorrective(Bergson,1911;Ziv,1988);andtruthand“bullshit”(Frankfurt,2005).Itreferencespopulartelevisionprogramsthatmixnews,comedyandsocialcommentary.Further,toillustratetheconceptsittakesasacasestudy,TomBallard’scomedylecture“BoundlessPlainstoShare”.Thepurposeoftheanalysisistocritiquetherelationshipbetweencomedyasasocialcorrective,newsandsocialissues.

Humouristheabilitytoperceiveorexpresstheintentionalorunintentionalcomicelementsoflife.Humourhasbeentheorizedusingarangeofdisciplinaryapproaches(c.f.Attardo,1994;Raskin,2008).Comedy,bycontrast,isanintentionallystructuredculturalproductthatemploysparticularformsandconventionstocreatetheaffectofamusementinanaudience.Theoriesofcomedyarefrequentlymoreheuristicthanformalin

nature.Themajorityofcomedy‘how-to’textsdevoteachapter,oratleastsomespace,totheconsiderationofhumourtheories(c.f.Byrne,2002;Carr&Greaves,2007;Schreiber,2003;Vorhaus,1994).Anintentionofcomedymaybetoactasasocialcorrective.“Bergsondescribedhumorandlaughterasessentiallysocialandshared.Laughingatsomeone,ontheotherhand,functionsasameansofexclusion,andhenceasasocialcorrectiveandformofsocialcontrol”(Kuipers,2008,p.368).

WrittenandperformedbyAustraliancomicTomBallard,“BoundlessPlainstoShare”examinesAustralia’simmigrationhistory,culminatinginacritiqueofhowtherefugeeissuesarepresentedinthecontemporarysocialandmedialandscape.Framedfromacomicperspective,thecomedylecturepresentsanaccountofrefugeediscoursebyemployingarangeofcomedytechniques.

Inconclusion,thepaperarguesthattherelationshipbetweencomedyandnewsallowsforuniquediscussionsofcontemporaryissues.However,theconceptofcomedyasasocialcorrectiveproblematicforatleasttworeasons.First,theconceptimpliesthatthereisaconsensuspositiononwhatisandwhatisnotappropriatesocialbehavior.Second,thatcomedyneedstojustifyitselfbyservingasocialpurposegreaterthanprovidinglaughterandenjoyment.

References

Attardo,S.(1994).LinguisticTheoriesofHumor.Berlin;NewYorkMoutondeGruyter.

Bergson,H.(1911).Laughter:Anessayonthemeaningofthecomic.(C.Brereton&F.Rothwell,Trans.).London:MacmillanandCo.,Limited.

Burke,K.(1937).AttitudestowardHistory.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress.Byrne,J.(2002).WritingComedy(SecondEditioned.).London:A&CBlack.Carr,J.,&Greaves,L.(2007).TheNakedJape:Uncoveringthehiddenworldofjokes.

London:PenguinBooks.Frankfurt,H.G.(2005).OnBullshit.Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress.Kuipers,

G.(2008).TheSociologyofHumor.InV.Raskin(Ed.),ThePrimerofHumorResearch(pp.361-398).Berlin;NewYork.:MoutondeGruyter.Raskin,V.(Ed.)(2008).ThePrimerofHumorResearch.Berlin;NewYork:Moutonde

Gruyter.

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Schreiber,B.(2003).Whatareyoulaughingat?:howtowritefunny(screenplays,stories,andmore).StudioCity,California:MichaelWieseProductions.

Vorhaus,J.(1994).Thecomictoolbox:howtobefunnyevenwhenyou'renot.St.LeonardsN.S.W.:Allen&Unwin.

Ziv,A.(1988).HumorasaSocialCorrective.InL.Behrens&L.J.Rosen(Eds.),WritingandReadingAcrosstheCurriculum(3rded.,pp.356-360).Glenview,IL:Scott,ForesmanandCompany.

Preparingjournalismgraduatesforalifetimeofwork

TrevorCullenEdithCowanUniversity

Governmentreportsonthefutureofworkin2016and2017revealthattoday’sgraduatesfaceuptosevencareerchangesintheirworkinglifetimes.Thisfindingdoesnotimplythattherewillbefewerjobsinthefuture,butratherthattherewillbedifferentandvariedones.Therefore,itisvitalforgraduatestodevelopskillstoadapttothesetransitions.CapstoneunitsandexperienceshavebeenchosenbytheAustralianhighereducationsystemasthemostappropriatemechanismforassistingfinal-yearundergraduatestudentstomanagethetransitionfromuniversitytoprofessionallife.CapstoneunitsarealsofavouredbyjournalismeducatorsinAustralia.Thispaperreportsthefindingsandagreementsofan18-monthAustralianNationalTeachingFellowshipstudythatinvestigatedhowcapstonesareviewedandusedbyjournalismeducators.Thestudyinvolvedface-to-faceinterviewswith30journalismeducatorsfrom18universitiesinAustraliafromlate2015toearly2017.Onemajoroutcomeofthestudywasagreementontheaimsandtypesofcapstones,togetherwiththeprinciplesandalistofskillstobedemonstratedbygraduates.Thesecondpartofthispaperarguesthatcurrentjournalismcapstonedesignisoftenlimitedtothedemonstrationofknowledgeandskills,butintheever-changingworldofwork,graduatesalsoneedwell-developedpersonalandprofessionalidentities,solidreflectivepracticesandlife-longlearningskills.Theultimategoalistousecapstoneunitstopreparejournalismgraduatesforalifetimeofwork,notjusttheirfirstprofessionaljob.

Mediaframesofclimatechange:AcomparisonbetweenIndiaandAustralia

JahnnabiDasUniversityofTechnology,Sydney

Despiteanincreasingattentiontotheissuesofclimatechangeinrecentyears,therehasbeenalackoffocusonhowthemediaframesvariousspeakersinenvironmentalcoverage.Accordingtosomecritics(Carragee&Roefs,2004;Ytterstad,2015),framingisnotonlyconcernedwithwhatandwhoareincludedinthemedia,butalsowhatandwhoareexcludedandwhy.Inthisway,framingrelatestothecontestationofpowerwithinthebroadpoliticalandsocialcontexts(Carragee&Roefs,2004;Luedecke&Boykoff,2017).However,whileitiseasytodeterminethepresenceofanythinginthemediacoverage,itisdifficulttoobserveabsencesofissuesorspeakersbyexaminingonlythepublishedcontent.Theclosestonecangettosuchananalysisistocomparedifferenteditorialdecisionstakenbetweenavailableoptionsincomparablesituations(Metag,2016).Toconductaframeanalysisofinclusionandexclusion,IexaminethemediacoverageofclimatechangefromIndiaandAustraliaduringCOP21(Paris,2015)andCOP22(Marrakech,2016)withaspecificfocusonthe‘marginal’actors(Manning,2000),suchasenvironmentalactivists.Iidentifytheframesaswellasthepresenceorabsenceofvariousspeakersoractorstounderstandthecontestationofpowerinthemediaframingprocess.Thefindingsuggeststhat,unlikepreviousinvestigationswhereenvironmentalactivistsusuallyreceivedasignificanttractionintheclimatechangecoverage(Reber&Berger,2005),thereisadecliningpresenceofthemassourcesbothinIndiaandAustralia.Thisfindingmaysuggestapotentiallychangingrelationshipbetweentheenvironmentalactivistsandmediaorganisations.

References:

Anderson,A.(2014).Media,environmentandthenetworksociety.Hampshire:PalgraveMacmillan.

Billett,S.(2010).Dividingclimatechange:globalwarmingintheIndianmassmedia.ClimaticChange,99,1-16.doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9605-3

Boykoff,M.T.(2011).WhoSpeaksfortheClimate?MakingSenseofMediaReportingofClimateChange.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.Caney,S.(2005a).Justicebeyondborders:Aglobalpoliticaltheory,Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.

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Carragee,K.&Roefs,W.(2004).Theneglectofpowerinrecentframingresearch.JournalofCommunication,54:2,214-233;doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02625.x

Dreher,T.&Voyer,M.(2015).Climaterefugeesormigrants?Contestingmediaframesonclimatejusticeinthepacific.EnvironmentalCommunication,9(1),58-76.doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.932818

Eide,E.&Ytterstad,A.(2011).Thetaintedhero:FramesofdomesticationinNorwegianpressrepresentationoftheBaliclimatesummit.InternationalJournalofPress/Politics,16(1),50-74.doi:10.1177/1940161210383420

Goodman,J.(2017).SocialMovementParticipationandClimateChange,TheOxfordResearchEncyclopediaofClimateScience.OxfordUniversityPressdoi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.340

Hansen,A.(2010).Environment,mediaandcommunication.NewYork:Routledge.Luedecke,G.&Boykoff,M.T.(2017).Mediacommunicationonenvironmentalissues.InD.Richardson,N.Castree,M.Goodchild,A.

Kobayashi,W.Liu&R.Marston(Eds.)TheInternationalEncyclopediaofGeography,Malden/Oxford:JohnWiley&Sons.DOI:10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0464

Metag,J.(2016).Contentanalysismethodsforassessingclimatechangecommunicationandmediaportrayals.OxfordResearchEncyclopediaofClimateScience.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.

Editorialworkinthemagazineindustry:Howthedigitalshiftischangingit

KaytDaviesEdithCowanUniversity

Despitemorbidpredictions,magazinesarestillwithusandsomearedoingwell.ThispaperpresentsresultsofaseriesofinterviewswithAustralianeditorsofprintanddigitalwomen’sandlifestylemagazinesabouttheimpactofthedigitalshiftoverthepastsevenyearsonhoweditorsperceivetheirrole.Specificallyitexplorestheconceptofcurationofbothcontentandaudiencesandhowonlineinteractivityhaschangedthenatureandmeaningofthatwork.Thesemi-structuredinterviewformatallowsexplorationofanumberofthemes.Theseincludejournalisticintegrity,advocacy,andtheextenttowhichmagazineeditorsseethemselvesasagentsofcultural

change.Anothermajorthemeis‘interactivity’.Editors’viewsonthebenefitsofinteractivitywillbedocumented,aswilltheirconcerns.Theinterviews,conductedin2017,willenabledocumentationoftheshiftinthetypeofworkeditorsdo,andtheextenttowhichnewpracticeshavebeenforcedbytherequirementsofnewmediabusinessmodelsandhowmuchtheyhavebeentheresultofeditorscreativelyexploringnewwaystoachievetheirgoals.ThebaselinedatathisstudycomesfromanethnographicstudyofmagazineeditorsinAustralia,completedin2008(Davies,2009).Duffy’s(2014)writingonshiftsinthemagazineindustryprovidedguidanceontheselectionofthemesandquestionsforthe2017interviews.

References

Davies,K.(2009).Women'smagazineeditors:whataretheydoing?Aretheygossipsorguardians,pawnsofthepatriarchyorsubversivewisewomen?LambertAcademicPublishing.

Duffy,B.E.(2014)Remake,remodel:Theevolutionofthewomen’smagazineinaneraofmediaconvergence.UniversityofIllinoisPress.

Understandingeachother:AcollaborationbetweenAustralianandIndonesianjournalismschools

AndrewDoddandSueGreenSwinburneUniversity

In2016journalismstaffandstudentsatSwinburneUniversityinMelbourneandUniversitasMultimediaNusantarainTangerang,Indonesiadevisedaninnovativewayofworkingtogethertopromotegreaterculturalawareness.Theexercise,calledProyekSepaham(ProjectUnderstanding),involvedeachuniversityworkingseparatelytowriteandproducemultimediafeature-lengthreportsinresponsetoquestionsprovidedbytheotheruniversity’sstudents.Studentschosetopicsonwhichtheyfelttheylackedunderstandingabouttheothercountry.Theyswappedtopics,whichrangedfromseriousissueslikereligionandlawandordertoquirkysubjectssuchasvegemiteandsinkholes.Thestudentsthenproducedjournalismaimedatprovidinginsightsintotheirowncountryforreadersattheotheruniversity.Theresultswerepublishedontwointer-connectedwebsitesunderthebannerProyekSepaham.Thispaperdiscussestheevolutionofthisproject,key

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lessonslearnedandhowfuturesuchcross-culturalcollaborationscouldbeconductedbasedonthoselessons.

TellingthestoryoftheWarrigalCreekMassacre

AndrewDoddandLisaGyeSwinburneUniversity

InJune1843asmanyas150GunaiKurnaipeople,livingonlandthatisnowcalledGippslandinVictoria,weremassacredinareprisalraidfollowingthemurderofawhitesettler.ThepersonwidelyacknowledgedastheleaderoftheraidingpartywasAngusMcMillan,themanafterwhomtheFederalelectorateofMcMillanisnamed.ThispaperdiscusseshowstudentsandstafffromJournalismandMediaandCommunicationsatSwinburneUniversityworkedtogetherwithlocalhistoriansandGunaiKurnaipeopletoproduceafilmtotellthestoryofthemassacre.

TheprojectwasdesignedasapiloteducationalprojecttohelpmediaandjournalismstudentsdevelopabetterunderstandingofthepoliticalandethicalsensitivitiesofworkingwithAboriginalcommunitiestotellstoriesaboutwhatareoftencomplexandcontestedhistoriesinthiscountry.ItentailedanextensivefieldtriptoimportantIndigenoussitesandtothesiteofthemassacre.Thepaperexploreshowthisprocessunfoldedandwhatwelearnedaseducatorsfromtheproject.

Verification,factchecking,trafficandpartnerships:deceptivechangesinnews

CateDowdUNE

StoryfulwasoneofRupertMurdoch’smediaventuresafterthedemiseoftheNewsoftheWorld.TheinitialfocusatStoryfulwasontheverificationofsocialmediastoriesfornews,butby2016thefocusshiftedto‘brandingandadvertisingforsocialvideocontentandsocialmediaintelligenceforCorporationsandGovernmentagencies,andnewsmediaagencies’(Storyful2016).StoryfulhadturnedintoabargainingchipforMurdoch’smediaempire,enablingentryintootherworldsof‘bigdata’andpredicativeanalytics.AlthoughGooglehasmanyadvantagesinmachineintelligence,

Facebookalsousesintelligentsemanticsearchsystems,whicharepowerfulsystemsfordataanalyticsanddiscoveringnewmarkets.Asearlyas2014‘Facebook’sNewswirewaspoweredbyStoryful’(Facebook,2014),andthispartnership,amongstpowerfulmediaplayers,markedaseriouscrossingoftheRubiconbetweennewsverificationandsocialmedia.By2016Facebookhadalsosignedcontractswith‘140mediacompaniesandcelebritiestocreatevideosforitslivestreamingservice’(Perlberg&Seethharaman,2016),includingacontractwiththeNewYorkTimes.Eventhoughsomecontractswerenotrenewedin2017,thedealswereattemptstoboostonlinetraffic,attheexpenseofnews.However,datafarminganddataminingforpredicativeanalytics,embeddedinsemanticsearchandalgorithms,areabiggerproblemfornewsandjournalism,thatgobeyondthemereinfluenceofdataanalyticsoneditorialdecisions.Thepowerofpredicativeanalyticsontheintegrityofnewsandjournalismisalsoalignedwiththeutilitarianfunctionofviralstories,usercomments,fakenews,fact-checkingandverification,whichhavebecomeindustriesintheirownright.Theseindustriesaresupportedbymediamogulsandsocialmediaentrepreneurs,becausetheyincreaseonlinetrafficandadvertisingdollars,andnotnecessarilyforperceivedethicalreasons.

ExperimentingwiththehyperlocalinSoutheastQueensland

ScottDownmanandRichardMurrayTheUniversityofQueensland

Formorethanadecadethetermhyperlocaljournalismhasbeenusedtodescribeavarietyofjournalismmodels.Fromuniversity-basedblogs,tograssrootscommunitynewssites,toprofessionalandcommercialoperationsrunbymainstreammediaorganisations–hyperlocaljournalismhasbecomealabelforadiverserangeofmedia-basedenterprises.However,unpackingwhatismeantbyhyperlocaljournalismisdifficult.Hyperlocaljournalismisoftenexperimentalandorganicmakingitdifficulttopigeon-holeintermsofbusinessmodelsandpractice-basedparadigms.Thispaperusesacasestudyapproachandexplorestheconceptofhyperlocaljournalism‘plants’byFairfaxinSoutheastQueensland.Thecasestudyinvestigatesfourstart-upsthathavebeendevelopedinhigh-growthareasaroundBrisbaneandlooksatthestrategiesusedtobuildhyperlocal

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audiencesincommunitieswithpre-existing,long-termlocalmediaoutlets.ThestudyusesCastiglione’snotionofthe‘renaissanceman’asatheoreticalframeworkforexploringtheskill-setrequiredbyjournalistsandmediaorganisationsinhyperlocalcontexts.

Thepaperexploresthetriggersthatprompttheneedforhyperlocaljournalism.Thesetriggersincludearangeoffactorssuchasalackoflocalnewsdiversity,theissueoflocal‘newsdeserts’andenvironmentalfactorssuchastheinfluenceoffakenewsand‘thin’newsinlocalcommunities.Secondly,itexaminesthethornyissueofbusinessmodelsandtheeconomicviabilityofproducinghyperlocalnews.Lastly,theroleofhyperlocalaudiencesandtheirconnectionwithhyperlocaljournalismenterprisesisoutlined.

Newsportinghorizons:acontentanalysisofnewspapercoverageofAFLWandSuperNetball

PeterEnglish,AngelaCalder,SimonePearceandKatyKirbyUniversityoftheSunshineCoast

Theintroductionoftwonewprofessionalsportingcompetitionsin2017providedalong-awaitedboostforwomen’ssportinAustralia.ThroughtheemergenceofSuperNetballandtheAustralianFootballLeagueWomen’scompetition,femaleprofessionalathleteswereprovidedwithacentrestagetodisplayskillswhichhadoftenbeenpushedtothebackground–orshutofffrombroadcastscompletely.Inthisnewenvironment,stadiumsweresoldoutandmatcheswereshownliveonprimetimetelevision,includingonfree-to-airchannelsandonlineplatforms.Newspapercoveragewasalsomoreprominent,reflectingthegrowingcommercialandpublicinterestinfemalesport.

Butwhatdidthestoriesinclude?Didthereportsreflecttheprofessionalismofthesport,throughaspectssuchastacticalanalysis?Ordidtheycontainthehistoricallydismissiveandpatronisingelementsthathavebeenafeatureofwomen’ssportscoverage?Usingamediaframingframework,thisstudywillexaminereportingoftheSuperNetballseasontoprovideinsightintonewspapercoverageofwomeninsport,aswellassuggestionsforfuturesportsreporting.

Thisstudyutilisesacontentanalysistoexploretheprintcoverageofthefirstseasonofthisprofessionalsportingcompetition.Specifically,itmeasurestheamountandtoneofcoverage,thetypesofstories,anddescriptionsemployedinarticles.DatahasbeencollectedfromthenewspapersportspagesinthehomecityorregionofeachoftheeightSuperNetballteams.Theresultsalsoallowforcomparisonswithtraditional,male-dominatedmediacoverage.

Foodreviews:lifestylejournalismoranextensionofmarketing?

PeterEnglishandDavidFleischmanUniversityoftheSunshineCoast

WhenTheWeekendAustralian’snationalrestaurantcriticJohnLethleandeliveredareviewof0outof5forupmarketrestaurantHillofGraceinAdelaidein2016,therewasawidespreadreactionandthreatsoflegalaction.Theratingandtheresponsehighlightedthecontemporaryroleofjournalisticreviewersintermsofindependentanddetachedreporting,whicharekeytraitsoftraditionaljournalism.Italsoprovidedinsightintothecommercialforcesoperatingwithinthemedia,includinginlifestylejournalism.ThatLethlean’sreviewratingofzerowasunusualraisedissuesoverreaderandrestaurantexpectationstowardcriticalreviewsintraditionalmedia.Werejournalistsemployedtogiveadetached,balancedcritiqueofakitchenanddiningroomexperience,orchargedwithpromotingtheestablishmentsthroughtheirreviewsandoverallmarks?Thesequestionsprovideabasetoexamineinthispilotstudywhethernewspaperfoodreviewersaremoreinfluencedbythetraditionalapproachtojournalism,orplayerswithinthefoodindustrywhoaremoreinclinedtopraisethandismiss.Inthisclimate,itisthereforevaluabletoexaminethereviewsoffoodcriticsinacomparativestudyoffourbroadsheet/qualitynewspapersinAustraliaandtheUnitedKingdom.ThenationswereselectedduetooperatinginsimilarWesternmediasystemsandsharingCommonwealthhistories.Broadsheet/qualitytitleswerechosenbecausetheyfocusonaudiencesmorealignedwithaspectsofmiddleclass,taste,identityandstatus.

Intotal,theratingsfrom550restaurantreviewsfromTheWeekendAustralian,TheSydneyMorningHerald,theGuardianandTheTimeswere

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examinedacrossthethreeyearsofthestudy.Theoverallmeanofreviewratingswas69.37percent–oralmost7marksoutof10.However,examiningthehighestandlowestmarksprovidesanindicationofhowgenerousorcriticalthereviewerswere.Onlysixrestaurantswerejudgedtobeinthe91-100percentbracket.Thenumberofrestaurantsthat“failed”–receivingamarkoflessthan50percentaccordingtothereviews–was45.Atthebottomendofthe“fail”scale,thereweretworeviewsbetween0and10percent,andsixmorebetween11and20percent.Overall,theresultsreflectaspectsofindependentanddetachedjournalismaswellastheimpactofmarketingandpromotionalelementsinfoodreviews.

#Guptaleaks,scorpionsanddungbeetles:Theresurgenceof[independent,“outside”]investigativejournalisminSouthAfrica

AntheaGarmanRhodesUniversitySchoolofJournalismandMediaStudies,SouthAfrica

InthispresentationIlookatarecent,sudden,andveryinterestingresurgenceofinvestigativejournalisminSouthAfricaagainstthebackdropofamajorattackonthecountry’sdemocraticinstitutionsengineeredbytheGuptafamily(withtheirglobalempirespanningmedia,miningandIT)whohaveaquestionableassociationwithPresidentJacobZuma.Thisresurgenceofverybrave,investigativejournalismisexemplifiedbythecollaborative#Guptaleaksscrutiny.Basedoutsidethetraditionalmainstreammedianewsroom,thismajorinvestigationhasusedtheforms,sourcesandtoolsofWikileakstoputoutanoverwhelmingamountofdamninginformation(100000plusleakedemails)soastomakeapowerful,immediate,publicimpact.TheinvestigativeteamconsistsoftheindependentinvestigativeunitAmabhungane(whichusedtoworkinassociationwiththeMail&Guardian)andanewinvestigativeunitcalledScorpiostartedbySouthAfrica’sonlynewonlinemainstreamnewspublication,TheDailyMaverick.Stalwartjournalistsschooledinnewspaperinvestigativetechniquesaswellasyoungreporterswhohaveonlyknowndigitaljournalismmakeuseofarangeofdigitaltoolstomountinvestigationsthatarenolongersupportablebythelegacymedia“inside”newsrooms.ThroughtextualanalysisandinterviewsIexploretheinterplayofold-schooljournalisticknowledgeandknow-howwithnewtoolsofdigitalnewsgatheringanddissemination.Ilookatthe

relationshipbetweenjournalism“outside”theformalnewsroomand“inside”theinstitutionalmedia.Theseformsofinterplayarecrucialforeducatorsinjournalismprogrammestounderstandsothattheycanbetterpreparemediastudentstoforgecareersinwhathasbecomeaverycomplexjournalismenvironmentwithanerodingfinancialbase.

Globalnetworkjournalismandtheriseoftheglobalfourthestate

AmandaGearingandPeterBerglezQUTandÖrebroUniversity,Sweden

Thispaperexaminestheparticularcharacteristicsofglobalnetworkjournalism,whichisstillunder-theorizedandunder-researched.Itisarguedthatanunderstandingofthetechnologicalandepistemologicalcharacterofglobalnetworkjournalismrequiresthreeinterrelatedanalyticaloperations.Tobeginwith,thereistheempiricalrealityofemergingexamplesoftransnationalinvestigativereportingandstorytelling–despitelanguageandculturaldifferences-suchastheICIJsLuxembourgLeaksandPanamaPapersinvestigations(WalkerGuevara2014;Ryleetal.2013;WalkerGuevara2013).ThePanamaPaperscoverageby370reportersoftheactivitiesofPanamaniangloballawfirmMossackFonsecainmorethan100newsorganisationsaroundtheworldinApril2016wasthelargestcross-borderjournalismcollaborationeverundertaken(TheInternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalists2016;Wayneetal.2014).Second,theemergenceofglobalnetworkjournalismneedstobeunderstoodinrelationtotheever-greaterimportanceofaglobalfourthestate,inwhichdomesticjournalism’sdemocraticrolebecomes“transnationalised”(Gearing2016).Third,adeeperunderstandingofglobalnetworkjournalismrequiresananalyticalcombiningandmergingoftwotheoreticalconceptsthatarestillratherseparated,morepreciselyglobaljournalism(Cottle2009;Berglez2008;Reese2016)andnetworkjournalismstudies(Heinrich2012;Gearing2016).Timeisoftheessenceinthetransitionfromnation-basedjournalismtoglobalnetworkjournalismbecauseofthesuddenandsharpcontractioninmediaorganisationsthatareclosingforeignbureaus,cuttingtravelbudgetsanddisbandinginvestigativeteams.Thepublicisthereforelosingitseyesandearsaroundtheworldpreciselywhentheyaremostneeded(Keena2014).

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References

Berglez,Peter.2008"WhatisGlobalJournalism?"JournalismStudies9(6):845-858.Cottle,Simon.2009."Journalismstudies:comingof(global)age?"Journalism10(3):

309-311.Gearing,Amanda.2016."Globalinvestigativejournalisminthenetworksociety."

PhD,DepartmentofMedia,EntertainmentandCreativeArts,QueenslandUniversityofTechnology.

Heinrich,Ansgard.2012."Whatis'networkjournalism'?"MediaInternationalAustralia,IncorporatingCulture&Policy(144):60-67.

Keena,Colm.2014."Luxleaks:averymodernscoop."TheIrishTimes.November8,2014.Reese,Stephen.2016."TheNewGeographyofJournalismResearch:LevelsandSpaces."DigitalJournalism4(7):816-826

Ryle,Gerard,MarinaWalkerGuevara,MichaelHudson,NickyHager,DuncanCampbellandStefanCandea.2013."SecretFilesExposeOffshore’sGlobalImpact".InSecrecyforSale:InsidetheGlobalOffshoreMoneyMaze.USA:InternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalists

TheInternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalists.2016."AnewICIJinvestigationexposesarogueoffshoreindustry".InThePanamaPapers.Washington:ICIJ.

WalkerGuevara,Marina2013."Howweallsurvivedlikelythelargestcollaborationinjournalismhistory."TheGlobalMuckraker,InternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalists12April2013.

WalkerGuevara,Marina2014."Luxembourgleaks:acasestudyincollaborativejournalism."TheGlobalMuckraker,6November2014.

Wayne,Leslie,KellyCarr,MarinaWalkerGuevara,MarCabraandMichaelHudson.2014."LeakedDocumentsExposeGlobalCompanies’SecretTaxDealsinLuxembourg":ICIJ.

Fact-checkingonWikipedia:anexercisewithJournalismundergraduatestudents

MarcioGonçalvesIbmec/Facha/Estácio,Brazil

In2016,theOxfordDictionaryrevealedthewordoftheyearwasadjective"post-truth."Thetermwaschosenbecauseitsfrequencyofuseincreasedby2000%overthepreviousyear.Hence,fakenewscreatedindigital

environmentsariseand,consequently,anissuemustbeaddressed:howtotrustwhatisreadontheInternet?Whatpathshouldjournalismtakewhenopinionsandfactsmingletocatchtheattentionofascatteredaudience?

Darnton(2017)statesthatfakenewshasalwaysexisted.Procopiuswasa6thcenturyByzantinehistorianwhowrotesecrettext"Anekdota",throughwhichfakenewswasspread.PietroAretino(1492-1556),journalistandadventurer,isconsideredthemainfakenewspropagator.In1522,hewroteshortpoems,sonnets,andgluedthemtothestatueofPasquino,inRome.Everyday,hedefamedoneofthecardinalsintherunningforPope.In1770,inLondon,therewereso-called"paragraphmen,"whogatheredgossipanddraftedthemintoasingleparagraph,sellingthemtoprinters/publishers,whichprintedthemasshort,oftendefamatoryreports.

ChristofolettiandLaux(2008)considerthenewspropagationspeedanincreasinglydecisivecriterioninthereliabilityofcontent.Fact-checkingworkshops,afakenewsfightingtool,heldwithjournalismundergraduatestudents,useAgênciaLupa’smethodologyandenablefuturejournaliststobroadentheirviewregardingthisscenario.StudentsanalyzeWikipediainformation.AccordingtotheWikimediaFoundation,Wikipediaisoneofthefivemostvisitedwebsitesintheworld,withover400millionuniquevisitorspermonth,whichrepresents5%oftheworldpopulation.

Wikipediausespresscontentasreferencesources.Inthefooter,therearehyperlinkswithdigitaladdressesofthereferredtojournalisticcontent.Fact-checkingprovides8labelstotheinformationfound:True–theinformationisdemonstrablycorrectTrue,but–theinformationiscorrect,butthereaderdeservesfurtherexplanationTooearlytosay:theinformationcanbetrue,butitisnotyetExaggerated–theinformationisontherightpath,butexaggeratedContradictory–theinformationcontradictsanotherpreviouslydisclosedbythesamesourceUnsupported–nopublicdatasupporttheinformationFalse-theinformationisdemonstrablyincorrect,andEyeTracking-amonitoringlabel.

Studentsmustanswerthefollowingquestionswhenstartingtheprocess:Didyoucheckthepublicationdate?IstheURLreliable?Istheauthorreliable?Whatisthesourceofthesource?Haveyoueverheardofthewebsiteyoureadthenewsfrom?Hastheinformationbecomeviralinthe

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timeline?Doesthetitlehavecatchyadjectives?DoesthetexthaveerrorsinPortuguese?Fromtheanswers,studentsidentifythesourcesandstartchecking.

In100%ofthecases,entrydataisunsupportedandcanbeconsideredflawedforbecomingpartofanencyclopedia.Inthissense,studentsrealizetheimportanceofinformationproductionintoday'ssocietyandconcludethatjournalistsmustproperlycheckthefacts,sincetheproductionoffakenewstendstogrowinproportionwithinourinterconnectedsociety.

References

Darnton.R.(2017).Notíciasfalsasexistemdesdeoséculo6,afirmahistoriadorRobertDarnton.Retrievedfromhttp://bit.ly/2fEgpc5

ChristofolettiR.&LauxA.P.F.(2008).Confiabilidade,credibilidadeereputação:nojornalismoenablogosfera.Retrievedfromhttp://bit.ly/2fkNz3s

JournalismStudies:whichbedrockinaseaofchange?

BeateJosephiTheUniversityofSydney

Journalismstudiesfoughthard–bothconceptuallyandwithinuniversityadministrations–toachievethestatusofitsowndistinctdiscipline.Itsresearchconcentratedonandcritiquedthecorebusinessofnewsprovisionfromthebedrockofinstitutions.Digitaltransformationstonewsprovisionhavecausedseverefaultlinesinthisbedrock.Journalismstudies,however,neednotbesweptawaybyanyensuingtsunami.Adaptabilityhasalwaysbeenoneofjournalism’sstrongpoints(butalsosomethingofanAchillesheel),andjournalismstudiesarealreadyprovingtobeadaptable.Thiscontributionwillarguethatjournalismstudiesmaylosesomeofitscentralityintheongoingchangesinasmuchastheirfocuswasembeddedinlegacyjournalism.Inresearch,journalismstudiesarelikelytoshedsomedistinctivenessintheprocessofbecomingpartofalargerinquiryintodigitalnewsprovision,publiccommunicationandsocialmediabehaviour.Also,globaldataonjournalistsforcesustoacknowledgethatjournalismhasbeenamoretransitoryoccupationthanportrayedandthatjournalistsseethemselvesdecreasinglyasacoherentbody.Thismaypromptjournalismstudiestorecastnotionsofessentialism,and

definetheirboundariesbydelineatingwhatisconsidered‘journalistic’.Thisshouldbeaidedbythefact,observableinAustralia,thatwhiletheresearchfocusischanging,theteachingofjournalisticskillshasremainedremarkablysteady.Infact,itcanbearguedthatitisthisadaptableandexpandableskillsbase,whichmakesforthebedrockofjournalism.

BestpracticesinAustralianstaff-studentcollaborativepublishing:anoverview

ProfessorMatthewRicketson,DrJenniferMartinandLucySmyDeakinUniversity

Thenumberandscopeofstaff-studentcollaborativepublishingventuresinAustralianjournalismschoolshasgrowninthepastdecade,rangingfromstaff-supervisednewsbulletinspreparedforcommunityradiostationstogroupinvestigativeprojectshousedinsideparticularsubjects,toa“wheelandspokes”modelwherealmostallstoriesproducedbystudentsenrolledinajournalismprogramarefedtoacentralpublicationpoint.Mostrecently,theUniPollWatchprojecthasexpandedsubstantiallythepossibilitiesinherentinjournalismschools.Theaimofthispresentationistotakestockoftherangeofstaff-studentcollaborativepublicationsandgaugebothbestpractices,andwhatcanbelearntfrompastprojects.Thepresentationwilldrawoninterviewswiththosejournalismacademicsengagedinsupervisingthecollaborativeprojectsandwillaskwhatscopethereistoexpandsuchpublishingventures,especiallyinlightoftheemergingdemocraticdeficitinsomepartsoftheoverallreportinglandscape.

A‘veryprivatefragility’:Thelackofalanguageforreportingmentalhealth

JonJureidiniandJohnWalshTheUniversityofAdelaide

Elitesportsmen,eitheractiveorrecentlyretired,frequentlycometomediaattentionbecausetheyaresaidtohavedevelopedamentaldisorder.Sucheventsareoftenaccompaniedbypleasfordecreasedstigmatisationandincreasedrecognitionofmentalillnessinyoungmen.

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ThebreakdownandrecoveryoftheeliteAustralianRulesfootballer,LanceFranklin,in2015–2016wasextensivelyreportedinthemedia.WecarriedoutalanguageanalysisofallreportingintheMelbourneAgeandHeraldSunfromAugust2105toApril2016.

Wefound439statementsrelatedtomentalhealthin106articles.WeconcludedthattherewasanimpoverishedlanguagetodescribeFranklin’spredicament.Overtwo-thirdsoflabelsappliedwereemptytermssuchas‘issue’orgenericmedicaltermssuchas‘mentalillness’.Thereisastarkcontrastwiththereportingofphysicalillnessinathletes.

Thereareanumberofreasonsforthispatternofreporting.Journalistsdidnotappeartohaveaccesstoinformationandwereconstrainedfromspeculatingoutofawishtorespectprivacyandperhapsawarinessofbreakingformalandinformalcodesforreportingmentalillness.Moreimportantlyhowever,wearguethatthiscasestudyillustratesthelackofausefulpubliclanguageofpsychiatrybeyondreductivepsychiatriclabels.

Asecondimportantobservationwithimplicationsformentalhealthreportingwasthewayagencywasattributed.Mostoften,possiblyintheserviceofreducingstigma,Franklinwasdepictedasthepassiverecipientofhismentalhealth‘issue’.Thishastheeffectofestablishingtheillnessasanentitytobetreatedbyadoctorwiththepatienthimselfasaninterestedbystander.Weargueforadifferentapproachthatpreservesagencyforthesuffererwithoutincreasingstigma.

Journalistshavefoundalanguagetotalkaboutracism,and,incollaborationwiththeAFL,havemadeasignificantcontributiontochangingpublicattitudes.Mentalhealthprovidesdifferentchallenges.IffollowingtheadviceofsuccessivechairsofBeyondBlue(Kennett,Gillard)westronglyencourageplayerstotalkabouttheir‘issues’,howdotheytalkaboutthesematters?Basedonouranalysis,weoffersometentativesuggestionsforhowthelanguageofmentalhealthreportingmightbeimproved.

Itislikelywedon’ttalkaboutmentalillnessbecauseitisstigmatised–anditisstigmatisedbecausewedon’ttalkaboutit.Perhapsthemedia/journalistshavearoleininterruptingthiscircularitybydevelopingandusinglanguagewhichismeaningfulandmedicallyaccurate.

Title:Whitefellabroadcasting:WhynonIndigenousjournalistsstruggletotellAboriginalstoriesinAustralia.

VickiKerriganMenziesSchoolofHealthResearch

AttheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation[ABC]thedominantworldviewiswhiteandwestern.Thisisdespitevariousstrategicplanswhichfocusonincreasingculturaldiversityofstaffwiththeintentionofincreasingthediversityofstoriestoldfromdifferingculturalperspectives.Asanex-ABCemployeewithacareerspanningmorethantwodecades,Iwascomplicitinreinforcingthedominanthegemonyandneo-colonialvalueswhicheffectivelysilencedAboriginalpeoplefrompublicdebate.However,therewerealsoopportunitiestoworkinawaywhichallowedthesubjugatedAboriginalperspectivetobeaired.WorkingatthenationalyouthABCnetworkTripleJintheyear2000,IsecuredaninterviewwithBonitaMabo,AboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderactivist.Whenproducingthatinterview,IbecameacutelyawareofthedifferencesbetweentheAngloAustraliancultureIoperatewithinandAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderculture.

Thispaperexploresthecultureofjournalism,entrenchedimplicitbiasamongnon-Indigenousjournalistsandemployinginstitutions,andtheinterculturaldifferenceswhichallcontributetosubstandardreportageonAboriginalaffairsbyABCradiobroadcasters.Tothatend,ABCjournalistsintheNorthernTerritorycurrentlystruggletofulfiltheirfourthestatefunctioninregardtoAboriginalissues.ThepaperalsoincludesacasestudywhereIreflectonmyownjournalisticpracticearoundreportingonIndigenouspeople.

ReformandDefend:FakeNewsdiscourseasproblemandopportunity

ChristopherKremmerTheUniversityofNewSouthWales

DonaldTrump’sself-serving‘FakeNews’discoursehasralliedAmericannewsmediaindefenceofjournalisticvaluesofverification,fairnessandspeakingtruthtopower.ButdoesthisjustifiableresistancetoTrump’s

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dishonestyandtotalitariantendenciesthreatentoburyequallyimportantcritiquesofcontemporarynewsmediapractices?Weliveinaworldinwhichtriballoyaltytoacontesteddisciplinelikejournalismisincreasinglyproblematic,givenitsassociationwithlargemediacorporationsthatonoccasionhavesoughtadvantagebyusingjournalistsaspoliticalshocktroops.Debateaboutfakenewsoffersanimportantopportunityforintrospectionanddiscussionamongjournalistsaboutwhatailsnewsmedia,aswellaswhatisgenuinelyimportantandgoodaboutit.Itchallengesustoaskwhetherfakenewsmaybetheorisedinawaythatencouragesagenuinelyopencriticaldiscourse?InanapproachinfluencedbyconceptsofpolyphonyanddialogismexploredbyBakhtin,thispaperarguesthatsuchadiscourseshouldstandontwopillars.Firstly,acommitmenttodefend,extendandentrenchjournalisticfreedomsandtheprotectionofjournalists.Secondly,astrongcommitmenttojournalismethics,accountabilitytothepublic,andavigorousengagementwithnewmediaapproachesthatseektocritique,reviseandreformtraditionaljournalisticpracticesandourunderstandingofwhatwecall‘news.’

Itnotallbloodandguts-Differingoutcomesoftraumaexposure:posttraumaticgrowthandmoralinjury

CaitMcMahonDartCentreAsiaPacific

SincePTSDwasdefinedin1980therehasbeenaplethoraofresearchonthissyndromeandithasdrivenourunderstandingofnegativeoutcomesoftraumaexposure.Morerecentlythediscussionhasbeenbroadenedtootheroutcomesoftraumaexposure.Moralinjuryandposttraumaticgrowtharejusttwothathavecometothefore.

ThispaperwillpresentDrMcMahon’srecentresearchonposttraumaticgrowth(PTG),ameasurable,positiveoutcomeoftraumaexposure.McMahonhasexaminedthisphenomenonamongst115Australian,trauma-reportingjournalists.

McMahon'sresearchoutcomesidentifiedthatwarreporters,freelancersandphotojournalistsreportedhigherlevelsofPTGthanotherjournalists.PTGmeasureshigherratesoffunctioningpost-traumainareassuchassenseof

self;deeperpersonalrelationshipsandenhancedexistentialexperiencesthanpre-traumafunctioning.Thiswasoftenrelatedtowhatshetermsthe'journalist-person'dilemma.

Further,theconceptofmoralinjuryisanascenttheoryamongstjournalists.Thetermisbeginningtobeusedopenlybyjournalist’sbloggingabouttheirtraumaexposure(e.g.,DeanYates,Reuters)andsomeresearchisemerging(Feinstein&Storm,2017)yetthetermislittleunderstoodinrelationtotraumaexperiencesinjournalists.

Learningoutcomes:

- Deeperunderstandingoftraumaoutcomes.

- Skillstoeducatejournalismstudentstothinkmoredeeplyabouttraumaoutcomesforthemselvesandtheirinterviewsubjects.

MeetyouoverattheGuardian:rationalisingparticipatoryjournalismatendofin-housenewscommenting

FionaMartinTheUniversityofSydney

From2015onwardsmanylargeandsmallnewsorganisationsinternationallyabandonedtheirin-housecommentingsystems.Insteadtheyencouragedaudiencestoengagewiththemviabrandedsocialmediachannels,overwhichjournalistshavelittleeditorialcontrolormonitorialcapacity.Yetthistransformationoftheconditionsforso-called‘participatoryjournalism’hasbeenlittlediscussed.Howdoaudiencesfeelaboutthelossoftheseenvironments,orothermajorchangestotheparticipativecontractstheyhavewithonlinenewsproviders?Whataretheirrationalesforcontributingtonewstalk?Andwhataretheproblemsofdesign,registration,interaction,participationandgovernancetheyidentify,thathindertheirsocialinteractions?

Drawingoncriticaldiscourseanalysis,textualanalysisandparticipationtheory(Carpentier,2011,2016)thispaperconsidersnewscommentingnotsimplyasaformofpersonalexpressionorpoliticalaction,butasdialogicmedia—aformofsocialandculturalcapitalbuildingthatevidencesthe

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formationofcommunitydespiteconditionsoftransience,churnandwhatSlavojŽižekcallsobjectiveviolence.

Tomakethiscaseitanalysestherepresentationandsubstanceofusers’textualresponsestothreenarrativeevents,eachofwhichevidencesrupturesinparticipativejournalismrelations:aGuardianjournalists’proposaltodiscontinuecomments;userreactionstotheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation’sclosureofitsopinionsite;andtheNewYorkTimesinitiativetointroduceverifiedcommenterstatus.Inexamininghowusersframetheseeventsandtheirexperienceofcommenting,thepaperexploreshowtheyconceivetheconditionsfor,andideologicallimitsof,newsjournalismasameansofgeneratingpublicdiscourse,socialbondsandcreativerelationships.Itsuggeststheneedforjournalismtorethinkitscommitmenttovaluingdialogicmediaandprovidingbetterwaystogovernit.

References

Carpentier,Nico(2011)Theconceptofparticipation:Iftheyhaveaccessandinteract,dotheyreallyparticipate?CM:CommunicationManagementQuarterly/Casopiszaupravljanjekomuniciranjem.21:13-36.

Carpentier,Nico(2016)Beyondtheladderofparticipation.Ananalyticaltoolkitforthecriticalanalysisofparticipatorymediaprocesses,Javnost–ThePublic,23(1),70-88.

Žižek,Slavoj(2008)Violence:SixSidewaysReflections.NewYork:Picador.

BizarreNewsTriangle:NorthKorea,defectorsandforeigncorrespondents

RichardMurrayTheUniversityofQueensland

TherearefewplacesmoredifficulttocoverthanNorthKorea.TheregimeinPyongyanghasbuiltareputationonkeepingtheoutsideworldout,and,whenitdoesletpeoplein,makingsurevisitorsseeamanagedandcuratedviewofthecountry.ThiscarefulmanagementextendstowhattheNorthKoreangovernmentshareswiththeworldviastatecontrollednewsagencieswhoseofferingsoftenborderonthebizarre.Thishasledtoavacuuminreliablecoverageonthestate;avacuumthatisneverthelessfilled

byanewsmediadesperatetomeettheseeminglyinsatiabledemandsforstoriesonthecountry.ThisstudylooksattheconstructionofnewsonNorthKoreabyinvestigatingtherelationshipbetweenthosecoveringthecountryandtheirsources.ItshouldbestressedthispaperisnotabouthowNorthKoreacommunicateswiththerestoftheworld.Rather,thisaboutthepracticeofjournalistsreportingonNorthKoreafortheforeignnewsmedia.Specifically,thispaperinterrogatestheuseNorthKoreandefectorslivinginSouthKoreabyforeignjournalistsreportingfortheforeignnewsmedia.Since2012,theperiodimmediatelyafterthedeathofKimJong-ilandriseofKimJong-un,demandfornewsonthecountryhasincreased,andquestionshaveemergedwithintheforeignjournalistcommunitycoveringNorthKoreafromSeouloverthemotivesbehindsomeofthe“bigname”celebritydefectorswhoareoftenrelieduponinlendingcredibilityandauthenticitytonewsstoriesonNorthKorea.Fifteenjournalistsfromprominentwireservices,legacymastheadsanddigitalstart-upsbasedinSeoulwereinterviewedinordertogaugehowtheyusedefectorsintheirworkandtheissuesfacingtheindustryoverrelianceonanduseofdefectorsinreportingNorthKorea.ThisstudyformspartofamuchlargerframingstudylookingathowbothNorthKoreaandSouthKoreaareframedinadisruptedAustraliannewsindustry.

Cardinal:acasestudyofmethodologyinjournalism

ChrisNashMonashUniversity

LouiseMilligan’sbookCardinal:TheRiseandFallofGeorgePell(2017)isaprize-winningaccountoftheargumentthatCardinalGeorgePellhasacompellingcasetoansweragainstallegationsofpersonalsexualabuseofminors.PellistheformerCatholicArchbishopofMelbourneandsubsequentlySydney,andcurrentlythethirdmostseniorleaderintheVaticanhierarchy,inchargeoftheChurch’sfinances.ThebookcanvasesinformationalreadyonthepublicrecordaboutPellinrelationtoinstitutionalfailureswithrespecttotheprotectionofchildren,andpresentsnew,originalresearchthataccusesPellofpersonalactsofchildsexualabuse.PellhassincebeenchargedbyVictorianpolicewithmultiplechildabuseoffencesandwillfacecourtinMelbourneinJuly2017.

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Thispaperexaminestheargumentinthebookforitsmethodologicaladequacy,andpresentsitasacasestudyinthelargerdebateaboutwhetherjournalismassuchcanbesufficientlyrigorousandreflexivetomeritscholarlystatus.ForthelargerdebateitdrawsontheframeworkadvancedbyNash(2016)thatrigorousjournalismisnecessarilyinterdisciplinaryandalsodrawsongeography,history,sociologyandartfortheoreticalvalidationofitsmethods.

ThepaperdrawsitsempiricalevidencefromaclosereadingoftheevidenceandtextofCardinal,supplementedbydatafromin-depthinterviewswiththeauthor,ABCtelevisionreporterLouiseMilligan.Afterpresentinganoverallreviewofthenarrativestructureandauthorialreflexivitypresentedinthebook’sargument,thepaperfocusesonthreekeymethodologicalissuesintheallegationsmadeagainstPellbytheauthor.Thefirstonerelatestothespatio-temporalityofoffencesallegedagainstPellinregionalVictoriawhileapriestbeforehebecameabishop,andatStPatrick’sCathedralinMelbournewhilehewasArchbishopthere.ThisanalysisdrawsontheHarvey-LefebvreGeneralMatrixofSpatio-temporalitiesadvancedbyDavidHarvey(2006)anddeployedwithrespecttojournalismbyNash(2015,2016).

ThesecondmethodologicalissuerelatestoMilligan’snewssenseorintuitioninfollowingherresearchleads,andexaminesthemwithrespecttoBourdieu’stheoryofhabitusandspatio-temporality(Nash,2017).Thethirdissueinvolvesinter-disciplinaryissuesinforensicpsychology,inparticularwithrespecttothecredibilityofsurvivorsofallegedchildabuseasprosecutionwitnesses.MilliganidentifiessuchsurvivorstobesufferingfromPTSD,andreferencesacademicresearchtosupportherargumentthatsubstanceabuseandmentalhealthconcernsshouldnotbeusedtodiscounttheveracityofsuchevidence–indeed,shearguesthecontrary,thatPTSDcanbetakenasevidenceofcredibility.

ThepaperconcludesthatCardinalisanexemplaryinstanceofjournalismasscholarlyresearch,andprovidesacontemporarydemonstrationoftheargumentadvancedbyNash(2013,2014,2016)thatrigorousjournalismcanbereadilydefendedmethodologicallytobeaccordedscholarlystatus.Indeed,Milligan’scanvassingofthepsychologicalscholarshiponPTSDwith

respecttowitnesscredibilityisacompellinginstanceofcollegiateinterdisciplinarity.

'TheSecondComingofMediaDoctor':Aresurrectionforthedigitalworld

CaitlinParr,AmandaWilsonandCraigHightUniversityofNewcastle

Mostpeople,includinghealthprofessionals,learnaboutnewhealthinterventionsthoughthemedia,andmanypeoplemakeimportanthealthdecisionsbasedonthisinformation.Theriseofonlinehealthinformationand‘fakenews’makesitdifficulttoknowwhichinformationisrelevantforindividuals,andwhichinformationcanbetrusted.Whenhealthnewsisunreliableormisleading,andhaspoorinformationoradvice,itcanresultinpublicpanics,thewronghealthchoices,increasedmedicalcosts,andevendeath.Thepublic’srelianceonmediaforhealthinformationcanbeseeninthepublicitysurroundingKylieMinogue's2005breastcancerdiagnosis,whichresultedina100-foldincreaseinthenumberofyoungwomenbookingmammograms.Noextracancersweredetectedbecauseformostwomenofthisagethereisnobenefitinhavingamammogram.Insteadthesewomenwereunnecessarilyexposedtoradiation,anxietyandcost.Thiswasadirectresultofmediacoverage,despitemoststoriesstressingthefactthatmammogramswereinappropriateanddiscussingotherformsofbreastchecks.Youngwomenwereworriedenoughbythenewstoseekreassuranceintheformofaninvasive,uncomfortable,expensiveandpotentiallyharmfulprocedure.

MediaDoctorisagloballyrecognisedpublichealthinitiativeaimingtoaddresstheseissues,andimprovethequalityofhealthreportinginthedigitalage.MediaDoctorAustralia,establishedin2004,developeda‘ratingsystem’forhealthjournalism,withtheaimofhelpingjournalistsimprovetheircraft,andincreasingthehealthliteracyofthegeneralpublic.TheprojectinspiredinternationalventuresinAmerica,Japan,Sweden,Canada,HongKongandGermany,beforegoingintohiatusinAustraliain2012.TheteamiscurrentlyregeneratingtheMediaDoctorAustralianprojectfortheageofthecitizenjournalist.MediaDoctorwillbeanopenaccessonlineresourcewhereinterestedpeoplecanbetrainedtoassesstheaccuracyof

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healthnewsstories.Thesitewillusecrowdsourcingtobuildacommunityofvolunteerstoanalysemediacontent,andposttheresultsforthewidercommunity.Theprojectisalsousingcrowdfundingtore-establishitselfinAustralia,andassuch,offersinterestinginsightsonthepotentialcollaborativelinksbetweencommunities,media,andhealthprofessionalsforresearchinthenewmediaecology.Thispaperexploresthepotentialofsuchlinks,andoutlinesthelargeraimsandbenefitsoftheregenerationofMediaDoctor,includingimprovinghealthliteracyinthecommunity,increasinglyaccuracyofhealthreporting,andtrainingfuturejournalistsineffectivehealthreporting.

ThevalueofAustralianjournalists’personalnarratives:casestudiesofAnnabelCrabb’s&ShannonHarvey’snonfictionwriting

VarunikaRuwanpuraTheUniversityofAdelaide

TherangeofnonfictionbookswrittenbyAustralianjournalistsindicatespublicappreciationofbook-lengthjournalism.Scrutinisingthesetextsrevealsthatlocaljournalists’nonfictionwritingisoftenshapedbytheirindividualnewsreportingstyleandpersonalconvictionsonwidersocietalissuesorthemes.ThispaperpresentscasestudiesofAnnabelCrabb’sbook,TheWifeDrought(2014),andShannonHarvey’sbook,TheWholeHealthLife(2016),andinsightsfromconversationswiththeseauthors.ItisbasedonabroaderstudyofAustralianjournalists’nonfictionwritingbeingundertakenforamaster’sresearchproject.ThepaperexploresthevalueofCrabb’sandHarvey’shighlypersonalnonfictionnarrativesandhowtheirbook-lengthjournalismservesasauthenticvoicesinanageoffakenews.Theresearchandwritingeffortthesejournalistsputintotheirnonfictionbooksalsotransfersbackintopublicconfidenceintheirday-to-daynewsreporting.Inotherwords,theirbook-lengthjournalismcontributestoanenhancedpublicfollowingfortheirmainstreamnewsreporting.

TheoreticalperspectivesusedtoanalyseCrabb’sandHarvey’snonfictionwritingareGieber’s(1964)argumentthatthecreationofanewsnarrativeisanintenselypersonalexperienceforreporters,Sim’s(1984)theoriesonauthorialvoiceandtheneedforaccuracyinliteraryjournalismandTulloch’s(2014)viewsontheconstructionofanauthenticnarrativevoiceinlong

formjournalism.AlthoughnewspracticenormshavechangedconsiderablysinceGieber’sargument,hisbasicpremiseregardingthepersonalqualityofnewsnarrativesisstillrelevant.Crabb’snewsreportingdisplaysanalmostlarrikinhumourandtakeonpoliticsthatfeedsintohernonfictionwriting.Similarly,Harvey’sheavily-researchedbook(2016)wasinspiredbyherpersonalexperiencewithautoimmunedisease.Byweavingtheirpersonalexperiencesintotheirnonfictionnarratives,thesewritersprovideuniqueinsightsthatenhancethestory.Bywritingtruestoriestheyarealsocontributingtotheslowjournalismmovementthatisincreasinglybecomingacounterpointtothefastnewscycleofdailynewsreporting.

References

Crabb,A.(2014).TheWifeDrought.SydneyNSW:RandomHouse.Gieber,W.(1964).NewsisWhatNewspapermenMakeIt.InH.Tumber(Ed.),News:

AReader,218-223.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.Harvey,S.(2016).TheWholeHealthLife.Australia:WholeHealthLifePublishing.Sims,N.(1984).TheLiteraryJournalists.NewYork:BallantineBooks.Tulloch,J.(2014).Ethics,trustandthefirst-personinthenarrationoflong-form

journalism.Journalism,15(5),629-638.

RegulatingHateSpeechonSocialMedia:AToolforSocialCohesionorASlipperySlopeofCensorship?

AmyKristinSandersNorthwesternUniversity,Qatar

InlightofrecentterrorattacksinEurope,anumberofleadershavebandedtogetherespousinganagendatocombatterroristpropaganda.Atthecenterofthisplanareproposalstargetingspeechonsocialmediasites,includingFacebook,TwitterandotherInternet-basedplatforms.InGermany,forexample,theSocialMediaNetworksEnforcementLawwouldholdsitesaccountableforthespeechpublishedintheirforumswiththehopesofcurtailingthespreadofoffensivespeech.Thisdebate,withparticularfocusonhatespeech,isnotuniquetoEurope.ThroughoutAsiaandeveninAustralia,governmentsandcivicgroupsarewagingwarsoverwhether,andhow,tolimitspeechtargetingparticulargroupsofsocietythatmanypeoplefindoffensive.Thispaperexaminesglobaleffortstocombathatespeech,

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contrastingthemwiththeAmericanapproach,whichprotectshatespeechundertheauspicesoftheFirstAmendment’sfreedomofspeechguarantee.ItoutlinesthelegalprotectionsandlegislativejustificationspresentintheUnitedStateswithregardtoprotectedspeech.Itsuggestsnotonlythateffortstooutlawhatespeecharelargelyunrealisticgiventechnologicaladvancementsbutalsothatallowingspeakerstoairtheirviewsopenlyencouragescivicdiscourse.First,thepaperassertsthatholdingsocialmediasitesandothernetworksaccountableforspeechpublishedontheirsitesservesasasubstantialchillingeffect,encouragingbothpublishersanddistributorstoengageinself-censorship.Doingso,removessignificantamountofspeechfromthemarketplaceofideas.Second,restrictingoffensivespeechwon’taccomplishthedesiredsocialcohesionthatpoliticiansdesire.RelyinglargelyonThomasEmerson’sworkondissentandLeeBollinger’sworkontolerance,thispaperarguesthatsuppressionofhatespeechdoesnotpromotesocialstabilitybutinsteadinhibitsit.Asacounter,thispaperarguesthatcountriesshouldpermitpeacefulexpressionofevenhatefulmessageswhileencouragingcounter-speechasafundamentalpartofcivicdiscourseinademocraticsociety.

Intersectionsandinterruptions:socialmediaandsportsjournalistsinNewcastle,Australia

PaulScottUniversityofNewcastle

Theintroductionofsocialmediahashadamajoreffectonbothsportsandmediaorganisations.MatthewsandAnwar(2013)arguethatsocialmediaisanimportantavenuetobreaksportingnews,andtobeabletodisseminatenewsquickly,suchasthelatestteamandinjuryupdatesforsportsfans.Thishashelpedintheproductionofsportingstories,intensifyingtheamountthemediacontentofsportsnewsandinformationthatisavailable,creatingdifferentwaysofthinkingforathletes,journalists,sportingorganisationsandthefansabouttheinteractionbetweensportandthedigitalmediaplatform(Hutchins2011).

Socialmediaisafundamentalandcentraltoolintheprocessofsharingofinformationbyathletesandsportingorganisationsseekingdirectcommunicationwithfans.Suchimmediacyanddirectconnectionhas

redefinedtheroleofthesportsjournalistthathasnotbeenmetwithuniversalenthusiasm.KianandMurray’s(2014)studyfoundanunexpectednegativitytowardsocialmediafromsportsjournalistsintheUSA.Theyfoundmanysportsjournalistsdon’tlikesocialmedia,somehaveadisdainforsocialmediaandthe"online-first"publishingprioritythathaspenetratednewsroomsandthatothersresentedtheexpectationsofongoinginteractionandtheamountoftimetheyfeltobligedtomaintainanonlinepresence–evenwhileacknowledgingsocialmedia’sutilitytocontributetotheirwork.Thisnegativitytowardsocialmediafromsportsjournalistsispartlyduetoitsinfluenceonsportsjournalismpracticesanditseffectson“professionalism”,andtheabstractdefinitionofprofessionalismwithinthisspace.

ThispaperreportsonastudyundertakenwithsportsjournalistsinNewcastle,Australia.TheresearchdidnotseektoreplicateKianandMurray’sstudy,butsoughttodeterminehowNewcastlesportsjournalistsusesocialmediaintheirworkandtheirattitudeandapproachtoengagingwith,andusing,socialmedia.Inthisstudy,socialmediadescribesinteractiveandinterconnectednetworksandplatformsandincludesFacebook,Twitter,Instagram,YouTube,LinkedInandTumblr.

Interviewswereconductedwith11sportsjournalistswhoworkinNewcastle,with10malesportsjournalists,andonefemalesportscontributor.Thesportsjournalistswhoseviewsweresoughttoinformthestudyworkinprintmedia,radioandtelevisionandallhaveasocialmediapresence.Theresponsesofintervieweesregardingtheirattitudestowardandexperiencewithsocialmediaareanalysedtoidentifyboththematicsimilaritiesanddifferences.

Journalism,fandomoractivism?ThemotivationsofwomenwhocreateindependentsportsmediainAustralia

MerrynSherwoodLaTrobeUniversity

WomenhavehistoricallybeenexcludedfromsportsmediainAustralia.Surveysofsportsjournalistsassertthatnewspapersportdepartmentsareatmost11%women(Henningham,1995;Nicholson,Lowden&Zion2011),

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andfemaleathletesandwomen’ssportsmakeuplessthan10%ofsportsmediacoverage(Lumby,Caple&Greenwood,2014).Boththeselownumbershavepreviouslybeenattributedtothelingeringhistoricalsexismpresentwithinsportmedia,thatgenerallydelegitimisesanddevalueswomen’scontributions(Fink,2014;Sherwoodetal.,2016).YetrecentlythereisevidencethatwomeninAustraliaaremakingacontributiontothesportsmediadiscourseinnewways,throughdevelopingindependentsportsmediaproducts.Theseproducts,mostlywebsitesandpodcasts,thatfocusonbothsportmorewidelyandwomen’ssportandfemaleathletesspecifically,havenotjustattractedaudiences,theyhavebeenlegitimisedintothemedialandscape.WebsitessuchasTheWomen’sGame(femalefootball),andwitsup(womenintriathlon),regularlysecuremediaaccreditationfromsportsorganisationsbodiestocovereventsinthefield.Theirreportinghasalsoinfluencedmainstreammediacoverage.AsurveyrunbyTheWomen’sGamemadethebackpageofMelbournenewspaperTheAge,foritsfindingsthatamajorityofplayerswereinterestedindefectingtotheAFL’swomen’scompetition(Lynch,2016).ThedespicablecommentsmadebyCollingwoodpresidentEddieMcGuireaboutrespectedAgejournalistCarolineWilsononliveradiowereonlybroughttoaccountwhenTheOuterSanctumpodcast,sixwomentalkingaboutAFL(Perkins,2016),discussedtheminanepisode.

Thisstudyaimedtoexplorewhothesewomenareandwhytheycreatedigitalsportsmediaproducts,throughin-depthqualitativeinterviewswith10women.ItfoundthatlargelyinAustraliathesewomenhaveamixofbackgrounds,somehaveworkedasjournalistsorinothermediaroles,someweresimplysportfans.Inexploringtheirmotivations,thisstudyfoundwomenwhoproduceindependentsportsmediainAustraliawerelikelytohavesimilaritieswithtworelatedbutdistinctindependentmediaproducers-sportbloggersandcitizenjournalists(McCarthy,2014:Wall,2015).Theyweresportfans,similartosportbloggers,butalsoadheredtosomejournalisticidealsandpractices,traitsseenincitizenjournalism.Howevertheirworkalsocontainedtraitsofactivism,thecommonreasonwhytheystartedtheirproductwastoaddressthelackofwomen’ssportcoverageinmainstreammedia.Thispapercontributestothebroaderfieldofcitizenjournalism,independentmediaandsportsmediainAustralia,offeringan

insightintoanunderstudiedarea–womenwhocreateindependentsportsmediaproducts.

ViolenceAgainstWomen:AMediaIntervention

MargaretSimons,JenniferMorgan,DenisMullerandAnnieBlatchfordMonashUniversityandUniversityofMelbourne

InthispaperwereportonthefindingsofanARCLinkageProjectthatexploredwhetherandhownewsagendasaroundViolenceAgainstWomenhavechanged,whetherwecanexpectanychangestobeoflongstandingandhowmediareportingofVAWcanbeimproved.

ThenewsmediahavebeenidentifiedinnumerousAustralianstateandnationalpolicydocumentsasapriorityareaforactiononpreventingviolenceagainstwomen.YetAustralianandinternationalresearchhasconsistentlyidentifiedproblemswiththewayjournalistsreportonDomesticViolence,includinganeglectofsocialcontext,sensationalism,perpetuatingmythsandmisrepresentations,victimblamingandoverrelianceonlawenforcementsourcesattheexpenseofotherformsofexpertise.

Todate,mostresearchhasfocussedonnewsmediaoutputs,divorcedfromanexaminationofthenewsroomandjournalisticprocessesthatleadtothoseoutputs.Wedrawoninterviewswithjournalists,focusgroupswithmediaaudiencesandtheresultsofa“mediaintervention”-theUncoveredwebsiteandsocialmediapresence,whichwasestablishedaspartoftheARCLinkageProject.

Throughfocussingontheexigenciesofjournalisticpracticeandtheimpactofmediaoutputsontheaudience,weconcludethatconsistentlyimprovingmediareportingrequiresafocusonjournalisticsourcesandsourcingpractices.Withoutthis,recentincreasesinthequantumofreportingVAWasanimportantsocialissueareunlikelytobemaintained.Mediatrainingforvictimsandsurvivorsshouldbeahighpriorityinprimaryprevention,aswellastrainingforjournalistsandjournalismstudents.WeconcludethatthemanyguidelinesformediageneratedbyDVsectorandotherorganisationshavelimitedimpactontheirown,butaremoreeffectivewhenaccompaniedbynetworkingandcontactbuildingactivities.Wesuggest

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waysthatthesemightbemaximisedwithincurrentprimarypreventionactivities.Finally,wefindthatsocialmediaisincreasinglyimportantinhowjournalistsreportVAW,andinthiscontexttheUncoveredinterventionhasdemonstratedpromiseasaflexiblemeansofengagingandassistingjournalistsandbuildingusefulsourcerelationships.

Storiesthewalkwithyou:Opportunitiesinlocativeaudioforfeaturejournalism

JeantiStClaireSouthernCrossUniversity

Locationandproximityhavegainednewmeaningsinjournalismsinceinbuiltlocativeandmappingcapacitieshavebeenaddedtothemobilephone,nowakeydeviceformediaconsumption.Thesetechnologiesproviderichopportunitiesfornewsproduction(Gogginetal2015,SchmitzWeiss2014,Oie2013andNyreetal2012amongstothers).Yet,falteringmediaeconomieshavelargelycurtailedjournalisticexperimentationwithlocativetechnology,beyondcustomisingnewsdeliveryaccordingtoauser'slocation.UnlikeGPS-drivenaugmentedrealitygamePokémonGo,whichusedlocativetechnologytoactivateandtakeplayersintourbanandcommunityspaces,newsorganisations'useoflocativetechnologyhasbeenfocusedmainlyonconnectingaudiencestoadvertisers.Newsorganisationsmostcommonlyuselocativetechnologytolocalisenewsandweatheronwebsites,andlocation-baseddirectorysearcheswhichcantieuserdatatoadvertisingrevenuestreams.However,locativetechnologyhasotherpotentialapplicationsinjournalismwhichcan,asWilkenandGoggins(2012)theorise,generateemplacednarrativeswhichareconsumedbymovingthroughplace.

Onefieldoflocativeproductionthatworkstoachievethisaim,andwhichhascloseconnectionstoaudiofeaturejournalismthroughradioandpodcastdocumentary,isthelocativeaudiowalk.LocativeaudiowalkplatformsuseGPSorBluetoothbeacontechnologytotrackauser’sjourneythroughaplace.Whentheuserisinproximitytospecific,andusuallynarrativelymeaningful,locationsalongtheroute,audiocontentwillplayontheuser’smobiledevice.Locativeaudioproductionshavegainedsupportinthetourismandmuseumssectorsasimmersivevisitorexperiences.However,

thereisscopeforjournaliststoalsoembracelocativeaudiowalks.Thesecanprovideameanstotellnewsworthy,place-basedfeaturejournalismanddocumentarynarratives'insitu'withimplicationsforactiveuserengagementwithplaceandcontent.Farman(2012)suggestssuchnarrativeengagementshavepoliticalcapitaltoexert,andcancontestdominantnarrativesaboutaplace.Thereforelocativeaudiowalksmaymarrywellwithnewsreporting,whichalso‘callspowertoaccount’andexploresalternativeperspectives.ThispresentationexploresseveralAustralianexamplesontheSoundtrailslocativeaudioplatfomwhichcanbeseentobridgethedividebetweentourism/museumguidesandjournalisticaudiofeatures.Finally,thepresentationtouchesontheapplicationoflocativeaudioproductionasanextendedlearningactivityinauniversityaudiojournalismclassasameanstodevelopingstudents’understandingofemplacement,proximityandimmersiveaudiodesign.

References

Goggin,G.,Martin,F.,&Dwyer,T.(2015).Locativenews:Mobilemedia,placeinformatics,anddigitalnews.JournalismStudies,16(1),41-59.

Nyre,L.,Bjørnestad,S.,Tessem,B.,&Øie,K.V.(2012).Locativejournalism:Designingalocation-dependentnewsmediumforsmartphones.Convergence,18(3),297-314.

Oie,K.V.(2013).Locationsensitivityinlocativeofjournalism:anempiricalstudyofexperienceswhileproducinglocativejournalism.Continuum,27(4),558-571.

Oppegaard,B.,&Rabby,M.K.(2016).Proximity:Revealingnewmobilemeaningsofatraditionalnewsconcept.DigitalJournalism,4(5),621-638.

SchmitzWeiss,A.(2015).Place-basedknowledgeinthetwenty-firstcentury:thecreationofspatialjournalism.DigitalJournalism,3(1),116-131.

Wilken,R.,&Goggin,G.(2012).MobilisingPlace:ConceptualCurrentsandControversies.InR.WilkenandG.Goggin,MobileTechnologyandPlace,(pp.3-25).NewYork:Routledge.

Virtualrealityjournalism:afadorthewayforward?

BenStubbsUniversityofSouthAustralia

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Whileit’snotdifficulttofindcontentandcommentarylamentingthecrisisfacingjournalism(Josephi2014,Simons2017)amongthejobcutsandcontentshrinkingwithinthemedia,thereisroomforoptimism.In2012USCAnnenbergJournalismProfessorNonnydelaPeñacreatedthefirstmainstreamvirtualrealityjournalismstorieswithherHungerinLA(2012)productionwhenshecombinednarrative,newsvaluesandtechnologytoopenanewarenaforjournalismstorytelling.

DelaPeña’sworkpavedthewayformoremainstreamvirtualrealityjournalismcontentfromTheNewYorkTimesandtheirGooglecardboardinitiative,CNNVR,EuroNewsandmanymoreintheUSandEuropelookingtoembracethisnewformofjournalismengagement,whichwaslabeledastheultimate“empathymachine”byVRproducerChrisMilk.TherehavealsobeenadvancementsintheVRjournalismeducationspacewitharesearchconcentrationfromtheTOWCentreforDigitalJournalismResearch(Owen2014),the‘Jovrnalism’projectfromAssociateProfessorRobertHernandez(2017)atUSCAnnenbergandtheUniversityofTexas’workintheimmersivespacewiththeKnightFoundation.

Despitethisadvancementandoptimism,theVRjournalismlandscapeinAustraliahasremainedrelativelyquiet.Fromthisprompt,thispresentationwilllookattheevolutionofVRjournalismandthemotivationtocreatethe‘Immersible’VRjournalismprojectatUniSA.OurteamcreatedanauthoringappandwehaverecentlycompletedapilotstudywithfinalyearjournalismandmediastudentsinVRstorytelling–oneofthefirstofitskindinAustralia.Wewillbelookingattheresultsofthestudy,thecontenttheyproducedandwhatimplicationsthishasforthefutureofVRjournalismandeducationinAustralia.

Bythenumbers:comparinghistoricandcontemporaryaudiencereachoffakenews

MargaretVanHeekerenTheUniversityofSydney

Therecentproliferationoffakenewshasidentifiedsocialmediaasacausativefactor,enablingwidespreaddissemination.Thispaperarguesthatsuchreasoningarisesfromtechnologicaldeterminismandignoresthe

historicreachoftraditionalmediaand,therefore,thepervasivenessandimpactofearlierfakenewsscandals.Adata-basedapproachistakentocomparethedistributionandaudiencereachoftwoinfamousfakenewsscandals;thecorpsefactorystoryof1917andthePopeendorsesDonaldTrumpruseof2016.TheanalysisusesreadershipandcirculationdatafromAustralia,GreatBritainandtheUnitedStatestoexaminetheimpactofthe1917storyandreportedstatisticsofsharesandreachforthe2016report.Whilstlimitationstotheavailabilityofcirculationandreadershipstatisticspreventdefinitivefindings,indicativeresultsrevealasimilar,ifnotgreater,levelofaudiencesaturationthanthatofcontemporarytimes.Thepaperthenoffersacomparativediscussionastotheidentificationofthefakeryofbothexamplesandthewaysinwhichnewsreportsnegatingtheinitialstoriesweredisseminated.Itconsidersthetemporaldifferencesinpublicationleadtimesbetweentwentiethandtwentyfirstcenturymediaandtheimpactofthesedifferencesinexposingfakenews.Thisleadstotheconclusionthat,despiteitsspeedindisseminatingfakenews,socialmediacombinedwiththere-reportingofsocialmediacontentbylegacynewsmedia,enablesaswifterandmoreeffective‘antidote’tofakenewsthanlegacyprintnewsmediaalone.Fromthisanalysis,thepapermakestheargumentthat,socialmedia,initsrelationshiptofakenews,isnotonlyadisseminatorbutalsoaneffectivesuppressantinfakenewspenetration.

Renewal&resurgenceofforeignbroadcasters:ThechanginggeographyofnewsbroadcastingintheAsiaPacific

AlexandraWakeRMITUniversity

ThispaperscopesthecurrentpatternofnewsbroadcastingintheAsiaPacific.Specifically,itnotestheextenttowhichgovernment-fundednewsagenciesarerepresented.ItdiscussesthechangeswithreferencetotheaxingoftheAustraliaBroadcastingCorporation’sshortwaveservicesfromAustraliatotheAsiaPacific,theriseofChina’sXinhuanewsagencyasaproviderofnewsintheregion,andtheextensionandcontractionofothernewsservicesincludingtheBBCandAlJazeera.TheliteraturefocusesonhowthetheprovisionofnewsintheAsiaPacificgrewoutofhistoricandpoliticallinkagetothePacificandAsia,providingavitaltoolforsoft

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diplomacytocolonialandneighbouringcountries.Discussionwilllookathownewtechnologiesareimpactingondistributionofnewsintheregion,andmorewidelyonchangingpatternsofnewsproductionandconsumption.ThisstudyisbasedonananalysisofavailablebroadcastmaterialintheAsiaPacific.

“Iwanttoreaditinmyhands”:AUsesandGratificationsstudyintotheaestheticattractionbetweenyoungadultfemalereadersandindependentwomen’smagazinesinAustralia.

SarahWebbandJanetFultonUniversityofNewcastle

ThispresentationisreportingonaresearchprojectthatisexamininghowyoungAustralianwomen(18-24years)engagewithindependentwomen’smagazinesandwhetherhard-copyindependentwomen’smagazinesofferanaestheticmediaexperiencetoitsfemalereadersthatisconsideredmoreauthenticthantheironlinecounterparts.Thestudyisseekingtounderstandthepotentialaestheticattractionthatmayexistbetweensaidyoungadultfemalesandwomen’sindependents,bygivingvoicetotheirreasonsformagazineconsumption.There’sasmall,butgrowingbodyofevidencethatsuggeststhatprintedindependentmagazinesarethrivingevenasmainstreampublicationsfalterinAustralia’sprintindustry.Theaimoftheresearchwastodiscoverwhetherthecontinuedsuccessofindependentscouldbepartlyduetotheeditors,ownersandpublishersplacinggreateremphasisonaestheticaspectsoftheirpublications,asaresponsetochangingreaderexpectations,andwhetherthereisademandtoconnectaestheticallywiththeindependentwomen’smagazinesfemalereadersconsume.

Theresearchemployedasurveyandfocusgroupwithyoungadultfemalereaders(18-24years),usingBlumlerandKatz’sUsesandGratificationtheoryasatheoreticalframework,torevealhowandwhythisdemographic–theindustry’saudienceforyearstocome–engageswithindependentwomen’smagazines.Iftherelationshipbetweenreadersandprintisaformofexperience,thisconnectionmighthighlightdifferentaspectsregardingtheplaceofmediainpeople’slives.Suchaspectscouldincludetheaestheticaspectsthatcanbecentraltounderstandingthecontinuedappealanduseof

independentmagazines,butalsocontent,entertainment,escape,collection,value,habitandeaseofuse.Inanagewhere‘digital’isoftenregardedasthenorm,itwouldseemthatyoungadultfemalereadersareseekinginspirationandexpressiononceagainfromtheprintmediumofindependentwomen’smagazines.

Journalist---SourceRelationshipinCrimeandCourtReporting:AnAnalysisofSourcesinNewspaperCoverageofHighProfileMurdersinAustralia,HongKongandMainlandChina

YanzhuXuMonashUniversity

Journalistsgatherinformationfromdifferentsocialactors(institutions,organizationsandindividuals)toconstructtheirnewsstories.Thevarioussocialactorsareimportant(potential)newssourcesforjournalism;butonetheotherhand,theyalsoposeconstraintsonthejournalisticfield,thusaffectingtheautonomyofjournalism(Bourdieu,1998).Agoodunderstandingofthejournalist---sourcerelationshipisespeciallyimportantforunderstandingcrimeandcourtreporting,asmanysourcesinsuchreportingareinterestedpartiesinvolved.Theirrelationshipswithjournalistshaveimpactsonwhetherjournalistscangettimely,accurateinformationtoinformthepublic.

Usingacontentanalysisapproach,thepresentstudyaimstocontributetotheunderstandingofthejournalist---sourcerelationshipincrimeandcourtreportingindifferentcountries/regions.ItadaptedSigal’s(1973)modeltoexaminethesourcescitedinnewscoverageofonehighprofilemurdercasefromtwonewspapersinAustralia,MainlandChina,andHongKong.Thethreewerechosenasrepresentativesofcountries/regionswithliberaldemocraticcultureandpoliticalsystem,Chinesecultureandpoliticalsystem,andacombinationofthetwo,respectively.

ResultsshowthatnewspapersinAustraliaandMainlandChinausedahighproportionofsourcesgatheredthroughenterprisechannels–byinterviewsconductedatthereporter’sinitiativeorindependentresearchinvolvingquotationsfrommaterialssuchasreportsandstatisticaldata.Theyalsopaidconsiderableattentiontovoicesofpeoplefromthepublic,andthosecloseto

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thevictimsanddefendants–theirfamily,friendsandacquaintances.Bycontrast,theHongKongnewspapersreliedheavilyoninformationgatheredthroughcourtproceedings;inotherwords,mostofthecoveragewasbasedonwhatjournalistsheardinthecourtroom.TheresultsalsoshowthatofficialauthoritiesoutsidethecriminaljusticesystemwereimportantsourcesfortheAustralianpapers,whilethesevoiceswererarelycitedintheHongKongandMainlandChinapapers.

Takingthedifferencesinthepresssystemsandthelegalsystemsintoconsideration,thisarticlesuggeststhatChina’spresshasmoreleewaytoreportinformationaboutcriminalcasesasMainlandChinafollowsacivillawsystem.However,theirlowuseofofficialsourcesalsorevealstheChinesejournalistsmayhavedifficultiesinobtaininginformationfromthepoliceandcourts.ThearticlealsosuggeststhattheAustralianjournalistshaveacloserelationshipwiththepolice,withthelaterplayinganimportantroleinprovidinginformationaboutongoingcases.Bycontrast,theHongKongpressseemstohavemoredifficultiesinobtaininginformationfromthepolice.

References

Bourdieu,P.(1998)OnTelevision.NewYork:NewPress.Sigal,L.V.(1973)ReportersandOfficials:TheOrganizationandPoliticsof

Newsmaking,Lexington:Heath.

Howtheweatherbecamethenews

LawrieZionLaTrobeUniversity

Thedigitalrevolutionhastransformedthewaythatweengagewiththeweatherthroughthemedia.Onemanifestationofthisisincreasingprominenceofweatherstoriesinonlineversionsoftraditionalmastheadsandotherhighprofilenewssites.Thispaperexaminesthegrowthofweatherasnews,especiallyinTheAgeonline,theABCandinnews.com.au.Theargumentdevelopedisthatweatherstories,especiallythosethatcoverweather‘events’,havebecomeanewsgenreintheirownright,andthishasinturnchangedtheroleoftheBureauofMeteorologyinthe24/7newscycle,aswellasprovidingprominentcoverageof‘citizenweather’

enthusiastssuchasstormchasers,andcrowdsourcedmaterialfromthoseclosetotheactionofmajorstorms.

Questionsthathaveemergedfromthisare:whatistheroleofjournalistsinshapingthethemesofthesestories?Whatkindof‘weatherliteracy’isassumedwhenitcomestomainstreammediaconsumers?HowhasthepopularityofthesestorieschangedthewaythattheBureauofMeteorologyengageswithmedia?Andtowhatextentdostoriesconnectsevereweatherstoriestoclimatechange?

Oneargumentadvancedisthatthehistoryofweatherinthemediaisastoryofconstantlyunmetdemand.Tosomeextent,thismayreflectthetrueextentofaninnatehumaninterestintheelements.Butthewaythatthisismanifestvariesconsiderablyaccordingtolocalclimateconditions,andalso,crucially,tothekindofjournalisticresourcesthatareallocatedtocoverageofweatherstories.

Thepaperdrawsonthemesdevelopedintherecentlypublishedbook,TheWeatherObsession,andthemorethan50interviewsconductedaspartoftheresearchforthebook.