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The drafting process the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relating to water should resist overly rigid approaches to implementation and target setting which could limit development options for poor countries. Key challenges include realistic targets, carefully considering the local context to address the needs of the poor, and promoting sustainable water resources development in a way that values healthy ecosystems. Read IWMI’s new report here: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Books/PDF/setting_and_achieving_water-related_sustainable_development_goals.pdf Presentation by Peter G. McCornick & Julie van der Bliek at the Water for Food Conference, Seattle, October 19, 2014.
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Using data and innovative solutions
to deliver on the Water SDGs
Peter G. McCornick & Julie van der Bliek
International Water Management Institute
19th October, Seattle
Water for Food Conference
Water SDG(final proposal OWG, 19 July 2014)
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
6.1 by 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
6.2 by 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying
special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
6.3 by 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and
materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater, and increasing recycling and safe reuse by x% globally
6.4 by 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and
supply of freshwater to address water scarcity, and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water
scarcity
6.5 by 2030 implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation
as appropriate
6.6 by 2020 protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
6.A by 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water and
sanitation related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment,
recycling and reuse technologies
6.B support and strengthen the participation of local communities for improving water and sanitation management
Links to other SDGs
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote
sustainable agriculture
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Goal 15.Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss
How does the science community contribute to the SDG process
Next steps in the SDG process: setting national
targets, achieving those targets in countries,
measuring progress
Explore contributions of science community through
evidence-based support
Contextual realities in low- and middle-income
countries in Africa and Asia
Context is crucial
Context is crucial
Targets for countries at different stages of economic development
SDG targets Stage 1 – Fully
informal
Stage 2 – Largely
informal
Stage 3 – Rapidly
formalizing
Stage 4 – Fully formal
water industry
Target 1 Investment Invest in local
infrastructure to
improve water access
Invest in meso-level
infrastructure for
sustainable
development of water
resources
Invest in improving
water productivity and
waste recycling
Invest in 100%
coverage in high
quality water service
provision
Target 2 Institutional Make informal water
institutions equitable
Integrate informal
water institutions with
formal ones in private
or public sector
Create meso-level
participatory water
institutions
Create a full-fledged
water industry with
proactive regulator
Target 3 Policy and
legal regime
Establish basic water
information system
Establish water policy
and legal regime
Establish basin-level
water allocation
mechanism
Full-fledged basin
management
authorities
Target 4 Financial
sustainability
Establish the principle
of water as a social
and economic good
Provide a subsidy on
operational and
maintenance costs to
50%
Apply a 75% service
fee for recovery of
operational and
maintenance costs of
water infrastructure
Apply 100% water
service as well as
resource fee for
management,
operations and
maintenance costs
Context is crucial
Social inclusion: Consider women and disadvantaged groups
• Target the individuals and their needs in water management systems
• Including women in water management decisions, address land and water rights (target 5a), and support female farmers to increase agricultural productivity. Feminization of agriculture.
• Multiple Use Water Systems –integration at community level
Setting targets and water metrics for
monitoring
Water Metrics:
Suite of indicators
• A suite of indicators, rather than a single indicator such as water productivity, should be used for monitoring the progress towards the water SDG for all users, while also maintaining healthy ecosystems.
• Use of specific indicators (water use efficiency or water productivity) masks complexity and trade-offs required to achieve development outcomes
Water Metrics:
Water productivity
• Global target:
Improving water-use efficiency across all sectors
• Water productivity analysis at a basin scale: highlight trade-offs to help decision makers develop strategies where the benefits exceed the costs and where both are clearly assessed and quantified.
Water Metrics:
New data and tools
Low-cost opportunities:
• data collected through remote sensing and near sensing
• collect and disseminate data through mobile technologies
Challenge: Ownership and full integration within the national water monitoring & reporting mechanisms.
Water Metrics:
Water accounting
Water productivity is an indicator of the efficient use of water; water accounting is a monitoring tool.
Water Accounting Plus (WA+) –partnership: IWMI, UNESCO-IHE, FAO –uses global open access data and the development of an international standard to express complex water management issues.
WA+ presents the data in different sheets, allowing easy and quick access to particular topics, such as agricultural production, ecosystem services, useable flows and groundwater depletion.
Opportunities for growth
Further development of GW in SS Africa
Balancing the scales
Small Private Irrigation
Small Private Irrigation: • initiated and financed by farmers • operated and managed by individuals or in
small self-initiated groups; • small plots with relatively low-cost
technologies; • mostly high value crops for market• spontaneous and unregulated
In many African countries: more important than public irrigation -number of farmers and value of production.
In India: more than 50% of the irrigated area receives its water from pumps and tubewells owned and managed by smallholders
Suitability domains example: WLT
OR+
and
=
Up scaling - What are the most suitable solutions in different contexts?
One scenario for Individual motor pumps
Irrigated areas of Asia, 2010 @ 500 meterIrrigated and rainfed area map, South Asia
Mapping system: to regularly delineate boundaries and monitor change.
Key Questions:• Where is small-scale Agricultural Water
Management?• What is changing and where (e.g., irrigated
area, rainfed systems, water sources, cropping patterns?)
• What are the implications for food security, poverty alleviation, and ecosystems?
Impacts at an Ecosystem/Landscape Scale
How to revitalise large-scale irrigation systems for food, water, energy, economic and ecosystems security and services?
Rehabilitation
Revitalization is more than just rehabilitation
Inte
rnat
ion
al W
ater
Man
agem
ent
Inst
itu
te
Pehur High Level Canal, Pakistan
Dav
id M
old
en/I
WM
I
ProductivityFunctioning Ecosystems
Ham
ish
Jo
hn
Ap
ple
by/
IWM
I
Ric
har
d S
teck
el/I
WM
I
People
SDGs emphasize integration
Aquifers of Fergana Valley have over 3000 Mm3 of free capacities which could be used for winter flow banking
Integration
Innovative solution to resolve hydropower and irrigation conflicts: Managed aquifer recharge in the Ferghana Valley
Integration
Targets for Wastewater reuse, Food security, Energy reduction, …
SDG targets on wastewater management, recycling & reuse: other nexus benefits → reduced energy for chemical fertilizers, recovery of nutrients
Pragmatic solutions
Sustainable use of groundwater: consider solutions outside the water sector
Jyotigam Yojana:
• Separation of electricity supply to villages and pumps
• Reduced electricity and groundwater use
• Improved power supply to domestic users.
State of Gujarat
• Agricultural production has been growing at nearly 10% per annum
• Only State in western India where groundwater levels are improving
Pragmatic Solutions
Pragmatic Solutions
Nigeria: Flood Mapping and Mobile Apps, http://dialogues.cgiar.org/blog/nigerian-flood-story/
AWM Nigeria (http://frdsan.iwmi.org/)
Targeting 1000s of farmers to gain access
to the right information at the right time on flood
risks and opportunities from flood recession
agriculture.
Flood risks and opportunity for increasing productivity in Nigeria
Overarching messages
• Partnerships: Achieving all water-related goals will require a broad partnership within the water sector and beyond –and including the science community
• Opportunities for Growth: The emphasis should be on facilitating a sustainable and equitable growth path.
• Balancing the Scales: large scale investments in water resources and agriculture need to complement, rather than undermine, small-scale producers
• Integration: thinking across sectors and out of the ‘sectoralboxes’ has produced practical solutions
How does the science community contribute to the SDG process
Finalize the SDGs
Next steps in the SDG process: setting national
targets, achieving those targets in countries,
measuring progress
Explore contributions of science community through
evidence-based support
Contextual realities in low- and middle-income
countries in Africa and Asia