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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). Climate Change Expert Group (CCXG) Global Forum on the Environment and Climate Change – September 13 and 14, 2016 Breakout Group 4: Transparency of mitigation – lessons learned from experience with reporting and technical review/analysis (Room CC 12)
TRANSPARENCY OF MITIGATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM COSTA RICA
Pascal Girot Ministry of Environment and Energy COSTA RICA
Contents
◎Costa Rica’s Policy Framework and current reporting system
◎Metrics and Reporting on Emissions Targets
◎Key lessons learned
1. Costa Rica’s Cl imate Pol icy Framework Current report ing system and future options
Milestones in Costa Rica’s Sustainable Development Pathway
Costa Rica starts to build a National Sustainable Development Agenda, based on Biodiversity Conservation, Forestry and Renewable Energy
KEY INSTITUTIONS CREATED National Forestry Finance Fund created (FONAFIFO) Eco-tourism Consolidation of National Protected Areas System (SINAC) Service oriented economy Environmental impact assessments (SETENA) (1998)
Carbon Neutrality Goal established(2007) C-Neutral Brand launched 53% forest cover 99% Electricity coverage 92% Electricity generation from renewables
INDC Intended Nationally
Determined Contribution (2015) Priority sectors for
Mitigation: Transport Agriculture and Livestock Energy Waste
1990 2000 2010 2015
Environmental Service Payments launched (1997)
1997
National Climate Change Strategy launched (2009) Action Plan for the National Climate Change Strategy (2011)
Third National Communication presented to the UNFCCC (2014)
2007
BUR 2015 Strategy for Ecosystem based Adaptation by the National Protected Area System –SINAC (2015)
Long Standing Policy on Renewable Electricity production –today 97% of electricity comes from renwables(1946-2016)
HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE?
National Climate Change Strategy National Development Plan 2014-2018 (Climate Change fully
integrated, mentioned 53 times) Country Programme on Carbon Neutrality C-Neutral Brand NAMAs (Coffee, Livestock, Urban Transport) National Adaptation Plan- Road Map INDCs Process
CLIMATE ACTION Costa Rica centers its approach around the concept of climate action which seeks to: Increase the resilience of
Costa Rican society Strengthen the capacities for
low-emissions developmenty Costa Rica is building its Climate Action:
By mitigating its GHG emissions,
By adapting to the inevitable impacts of climate change
Costa Rica’s INDC Mitigation Goals
Climate Action in Cos ta Rica
MRV: SINAMECC Diseño y Puesta en Operación
Emissions Reduction and Removals
Programme
National Adaptation Programme
Country Programme for Carbon Trading and Domestic Carbon Market
Transformational Approach to Mitigation National: National Energy Plan 2015-2030 National REDD Strategy Sector-Wide: Coffee NAMA Livestock NAMA Urban Mobility NAMA Biomass NAMA….etc
National Adaptation Plan with Territorial Focus: Regional Adaptation pilot in Huetar Norte Sector-wide focus: •Agriculture-Forestry, Water Resources, Infraestructure, Biodiversity Local approaches: Adaptation Fund
Strengthening/Relaunching of Country Programme •Work with SMEs •Revamping of Domestic Carbon Market focused on reverse auctionning and carbon pricing
Climate finance: Design of the Country Strategy for GCF, Reporting System and Inventory of projects
International Agenda: AILAC, Negotionations under the CMA
Climate Governance
REPORTING AND MONITORING: SINAMECC
KEY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
• Fully developing the National Transparency and Registry System: SINAMECC • Implementation of NAMAs (i.e NAMA in livestock, coffee, transport) • Coordination of Support for INDC (proposals, workshops, technical assistance,
financial) ( PMR-WB,GIZ, UNDP,WB-FCPF) • Synergies between INDC and NAP processes • Developing common accounting and guidance (Regional Programme Support for
Common Accounting Rules-GIZ-). • South-South Cooperation (Goals for admissions into OECD) • Research and Development- for improving on metrics • Financial Architecture (fiscal ressources, loans, grants)
2. Metrics and Report ing on Emissions Targets
Mitigation Adaptation Finance Co-benefits
SINAMECC a mult i -purpose system
NDC
GHG Inventory
BUR
Adaptaton Fund
Projects
NAMAs Institutional
Environmental Management Programmes
C-Neutrality
Country Programme-
Carbon Market
NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE METRICS- SINAMECC
Sources of Information
Country Programme and Domest ic Carbon Market:
Carbon Footprint Measurement
Emissions Report ing
Emission reductions measures
Emissions Removal Plans Carbon Neutral i ty Cert i f ication Process
OVV´s and Carbon Accountants
OVV´s
Emissions Reductions Plans
Domestic Carbon market
Public-Private Partnerships
Eco-Labelling of Products
CHALLENGES IN THE AFOLU Sector
NATIONAL GHG INVENTORY AFOLU SECTOR
(emissions emissions reductions and removals )
Agregate Indicators
Activity Specific Indicadors and
Emissions Factors NAMA
Agregate Indicators
Activity Specific Indicadors and
Emissions Factors NAMA
Agregate Indicators vs.
Reference Scenarios
Reference Scenarios and
Removal Factors by
Forest Type
Agregate Indicators on Co-Benefits
Other sectors
Sinergies with Adaptation goals
Biodiversity, Health Co-Benefits
KEY CHALLENGES -Limited timeframe: Two Years - Evolution from TIER 1 towards TIER 2
Energy AFOLU
-Evolving baseline and limited availability of data and data analysis -Limited number of GCM used - Transparency to report on progress and bolster action -Accountability to inform on compliance (particularly for ITMOs)
Source: Costa Rica´s BUR, 2015
3. KEY LESSONS LEARNED
Source: Costa Rica´s INDC, 2015
Lessons learned/best practices Long standing tradition of systematic observation of climate/Downscaling models available Ambitious INDC presented Opportunity to synchronize and improve coherence between reporting mechanisms (NDCs, NC, BUR) Peer Review, ICA reviewed BUR Increasing demand for open data Opportunities for improved communication of climate scenarios and GHG Inventories
KEY LESSONS LEARNED
• Ambition does not happen overnight….need to build on existing strengths- Climate change policy is cross-cutting, and requires embedding policy goals into inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial decision making processes and structures
• Broad stakeholder engagement is essential to communicate goals and build consensus, and negotiate burden sharing
• Tracking of efforts and results requires substantial investments in Coordination and Metrics-
• Open Data Policy may help cut costs in the long term, International exchanges on Open Data and its relation to Transparency will be useful
• International Guidance on Transparency and Accountability will be critical
Thank you! Any quest ions? [email protected] [email protected] www.cambioclimaticocr.com