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ACHMM - North Star Chapter
CHMMunity Outreach Projects at
Voyageurs National Park
2003 Expedition
2004 Rainy Lake Expedition
2005 Namakan Reservoir Expedition (Plus)
to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects
and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same
in such manner and by such meansas will leave them unimpaired
for the enjoyment of future generations. (16 USC 1)
Elements of 2003 Expedition
Water Quality Analysis• Chlorophyll a• Total Phosphorus• Total Dissolved Solids• Phytoplankton species identification• Temperature• Dissolved Oxygen• pH• Specific Conductivity• Secchi Depth
Monitor Invasion of Exotic Species Rusty Crayfish Zebra Mussels Spiny Water Flea
Mercury Concentration in Crayfish
Dump Sites Investigation
Open Mine Shaft Survey
Lab Safety Plan
Partners and Volunteers• Academy of Certified Hazardous Materials Managers – North Star Chapter
• Rainy River Community College
• Rainy Lake Conservancy
• Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
• Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
•Ontario Ministry of the Environment
• United States Geological Survey
• Voyageurs National Park
The Process
• Collect data • Collect and ship samples • Manage data
Form Technical Committee
Meet: 1. Choose objectives 2. Recruit partners 3. Organize partners 4. Schedule work
Develop Study Plan
Sampling Event(s)
Data Analysis
Publish Results Make Data Accessible Present Data – Thank Contributors
Objectives:
•Determine whether water quality characteristics vary spatially across distinct areas of Rainy Lake
•Assess representativeness of long term fixed monitoring sites
•Use Total Dissolved Solids to calculate the total available yield of sport fish
•Set a baseline of water quality and condition against which future change can be measured
• Chose sites randomly (using ArcGIS) but within several constraints: at least 3 m deep, not closer than 3 km apart, and including sites in all major portions of Rainy Lake
• Used equation from Neumann et al. 1995 (N = (CVx / CVx )2) to estimate number of samples necessary to obtain mean phosphorus concentration estimate with a 20% CV
• Included existing sites monitored by USGS, MPCA, and RRCC
Site Selection
Collected water sampleswith a 2 m integrated tube
Collected water quality data profiles with YSI and Hydrolab sondes
Measured Secchi depth and total depth
Methods
• Chlorophyll a• Total Phosphorus• Total Dissolved Solids• Phytoplankton species
identification• Temperature• Dissolved Oxygen• pH• Specific Conductivity• Secchi Depth
Parameters Measured
Summary Stats using SAS Version 8
Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (Ordination) using PC-ORD Version 3.04
Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP) to test for differences between groups using PC-ORD Version
3.04
Statistical Methods
Summary Statistics
June 2004
Parameter Units Mean St Dev CV
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 57.8 7.2 12 Chlorophyll a g/L 5.1 1.7 33 Secchi Depth m 2.54 0.84 33 Temperature degrees C 14.16 1.07 X
pH standard
units 7.4 0.30 X Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 9.87 0.84 9 Specific Conductivity S/cm 49.9 14.0 28
July 2004
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 61.3 11.0 18 Chlorophyll a g/L 2.4 2.1 85 (47) Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.017 0.007 40 Secchi Depth m 2.97 0.90 30 Temperature degrees C 20.81 1.11 X
pH standard
units 7.4 0.28 X Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 8.05 0.57 7 Specific Conductivity S/cm 53.1 13.8 26
1n11n2
1n3
1n4
1n5
1n61n8
1SW1
1SW21SW4
1SW6
1se1
1se3
1se4
1se51se61se7
1NW1
1NW21NW3
1NW4
1NW5
1NW6
1rb1
1rb2
1rb3
1rb4
1rrcc110
1rrcc1131rrcc114
1SWB1
1RIB1
1ST1
NMS Ordination June 2004
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
Groups123
1n11n2
1n3
1n4
1n5
1n61n8
1SW1
1SW21SW4
1SW6
1se1
1se3
1se4
1se51se61se7
1NW1
1NW21NW3
1NW4
1NW5
1NW6
1rb1
1rb2
1rb3
1rb4
1rrcc110
1rrcc1131rrcc114
1SWB1
1RIB1
1ST1
NMS Ordination June 2004
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
Groups123Characteristics of Zones
(Observational)
Black Bay
Sp Cond – High
Secchi – Low
Chl a – High (July)
Redgut/Swell Bay
Sp Cond – Low
Chl a – High (June)
TDS – Low (July)
South Arm
Moderate
North Arm
Sp Cond – Higher than South Arm
Secchi – Higher than South Arm (July)
Rare Phytoplankton Assemblage
Some sites had a phytoplankton assemblage that included multiple rare species
This may reflect the low silica concentrations and specific N:P ratios found in Rainy Lake
Zones Depth TDS Chlor TP Secchi Temp pH DO Sp CondNorth Arm 12 61 4.7 . 3.1 14.7 7.4 9.4 62South Arm 14 59 4.8 . 2.5 13.5 7.3 10.1 46Redgut / Swell Bay 11 45 7.4 . 1.5 15.5 7.3 9.4 25Black Bay 4 . . . 0.7 14.0 7.5 11.7 88
Zones Depth TDS Chlor TP Secchi Temp pH DO Sp CondNorth Arm 13 65 2.5 0.017 3.6 20.9 7.5 7.9 63South Arm 13 63 1.8 0.017 2.7 20.3 7.4 8.4 51Redgut / Swell Bay 15 44 2.3 0.015 2.5 21.3 6.9 6.9 27Black Bay 3 . 13.1 . 1.3 24.9 8.3 8.7 98
* Depth is similar between the zones (at our sites) with the exception of the shallow, productive Black Bay* Chlorophyll was much higher in Black Bay in July than it was in the other zones* Secchi disc showed some variation across zones with the lowest values found in Black Bay* Temperature increased from June to July * Specific conductivity showed a lot of variety across zones and was consistent from June to July. It was highest in Blac
June Means by Lake Zone
July Means by Lake Zone
Points to mention
Larry Kallemeyn, USGS
Charley Kubler, ACHMM
Nolan Baratono, MPCA
Jesse Anderson, MPCA
Wendy Graves, RRCC
Don Graves, RRCC
Chris Holbeck, VNP
Ryan Maki, VNP
Technical Committee
Cooperating Laboratories• Minnesota Department of Natural
Resources
• Minnesota Valley Testing Laboratories, Inc.
• Severn Trent Laboratories
• Dr. Matthew Julius – St. Cloud State University
• TestAmerica Analytical Testing Corporation
• Legend Technical Services
• Bay West, Inc.
• Rainy River Community College
• EnChem, Inc.
Conclusions
• At the sampling resolution used, four zones differing in water quality characteristics were apparent in Rainy Lake
• Three zones had condition characteristics consistent with Mesotrophic status
• One zone (black bay) was Eutrophic
Usefulness of the DataT o t a l D i s s o l v e d S o l i d s u s e d i n M N D N R f i s h e r i e s e q u a t i o nt o h e l p p r e d i c t t h e p o t e n t i a l y i e l d o f f i s h f r o m e a c h l a k e
O n t a r i o M i n i s t r y o f t h e E n v i r o n m e n t w i l l u s e t h e d a t a a sp a r t o f i t s L a k e P a r t n e r s P r o g r a m
M P C A w i l l u s e t h e d a t a a s p a r t o f i t s C i t i z e n L a k eM o n i t o r i n g P r o g r a m
V O Y A a n d U S G S a r e a b l e t o u s e t h e d a t a t o a s s e s s t h ea p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f p a s t l o n g - t e r m m o n i t o r i n g s i t e s
V O Y A a n d U S G S a r e u s i n g t h e s p a t i a l a n a l y s i s o f t h e d a t at o h e l p d e s i g n a f u t u r e l o n g - t e r m m o n i t o r i n g e f f o r t t h a tw i l l c o v e r a n d a d e q u a t e l y r e p r e s e n t a l l o f t h e d i s t i n c tm a j o r p o r t i o n s o f t h e l a k e s
V O Y A a n d U S G S w i l l u s e t h i s d a t a a s a b a s e l i n e t oc o m p a r e w i t h f u t u r e r e s u l t s a n d d e t e c t c h a n g e ( . . . p r o t e c ta n d p r o v i d e f o r f u t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s … )
V O Y A a n d U S G S a r e u s i n g t h e s p a t i a l a n a l y s i s o f t h e d a t at o b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d h o w t h e a q u a t i c s y s t e m v a r i e ss p a t i a l l y w i t h r e g a r d t o w a t e r q u a l i t y a n d p h y t o p l a n k t o ns p e c i e s a s s e m b l a g e
D r . M a t t J u l i u s o f S t . C l o u d S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i s s t u d y i n g ar a r e p h y t o p l a n k t o n a s s e m b l a g e h e d e t e c t e d i n s o m e o ft h e s a m p l e s f r o m l a s t s u m m e r 's e f f o r t o n R a i n y L a k e .H e i s c u r r e n t l y a p p l y i n g f o r g r a n t m o n e y t o f u r t h e r s t u d yt h e s e p h y t o p l a n k t o n a s a p o r t i o n o f t h e T r e e o f L i f eI n i t i a t i v e .
to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects
and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same
in such manner and by such meansas will leave them unimpaired
for the enjoyment of future generations. (16 USC 1)
Trophic State IndexEutrophication is the process by which lakes are enrichedwith nutrients, increasing the production of rooted aquaticplants and algae. The extent to which this process hasoccurred is reflected in a lake's trophic classification orstate:
oligotrophic - nutrient poor and low productivity; hightransparency (deep secchi depth), low chlorophyll-a, lowphosphorus
mesotrophic - moderately productive; intermediate clarity,chlorophyll and phosphorus concentration
eutrophic - very productive and fertile; low clarity/shallowsecchi; high chlorophyll and phosphorus concentrations.
hypereutrophic - extremely productive with noxioussurface scums of algae
The spatial variation in the water quality of Rainy Lake and the Namakan Reservoir
The spatial variation in the phytoplankton assemblage of the above areas
Whether or not water quality parameter values change from month to month at the subset of sites that we will visit
Whether different labs give us similar results for total phosphorus
How well long-term sites represent a lake zone
Potential Papers
• Chlorophyll a• Total Phosphorus• Total Dissolved Solids• Phytoplankton species
identification• Temperature• Dissolved Oxygen• pH• Specific Conductivity• Secchi Depth
Parameters to be Measured
Addition of high resolution TP
Long-term monitoring of water quality on Rainy Lake and the Namakan Reservoir
• USGS has monitored water quality on Rainy Lake and the Namakan Reservoir for over 20 years
• MPCA has had volunteers monitoring water quality of Rainy Lake in recent years (CLMP+)
• After the 2004 ACHMM effort on Rainy Lake, we chose sites to represent the zones differing in water quality and included a few additional sites of interest and are receiving help from the MPCA’s CLMP+ program
• The NPS Inventory and Monitoring Network is developing long-term water quality monitoring plans for Rainy and the Namakan Reservoir and will take the data from all of these programs into account in their design
Acknowledgements• Academy of Certified
Hazardous Materials Managers – North Star Chapter
• Rainy River Community College
• Rainy Lake Conservancy
• Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
• Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (and its Citizen Lake Monitoring Program)
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
• United States Geological Survey
• Severn Trent Laboratories
• Dr. Matthew Julius – St. Cloud State University
• TestAmerica Analytical Testing Corporation
• Minnesota Valley Testing Laboratories, Inc.
• Bay West, Inc.
• Legend Technical Services
• EnChem, Inc.Reference
Neumann, R. M., C. S. Guy, and D. W. Willis. 1995. Precision and size structure of juvenile percichthyid samples collected with various gears from Lake Texoma. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 15:956-962.