Discuss the commonly used disinfectants and their relative efficiency against the

bacteria

MADE BY :- SUNIL KUMAR AJEET KUMAR MANISH KUMAR MANOJ KUMAR

VIKESH KUMAR

PURPOSE

l The purpose of this project l what is disinfection.l Level of disinfectionl how many types of disinfection. l which disinfectant would most effectively kill

bacteria.

WHAT IS DISINFECTANT

Disinfectants are liquid substances that kill germs or bacteria on non-living objects. They are usually chemicals used to clean clothes, rooms, dishes, and utensils. They are also used to help hospitals and care units stay clean and free of germs. The common disinfectants used in households aren’t as effective as the ones used in hospitals or care units to stop diseases.

WHAT IS ANTISEPTICS

Chemical disinfectants which can safely applied to living tissues and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

ANTISEPTICS V/S DISINFECTION

ANTISEPTICS:- Use on skin and mocous membranes to kill microorganisms.

Not for use on inanimate objects.

DISINFECTION:-

Use to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects.

Not for use on skin or mucous membranes.

Chemicals agents

A variety of chemicals agents are used as antiseptics and disinfectants.

Factors influencing the potency of a disinfectant: Time of action Temperature Nature of organism

l

l LEVEL OF DISINFECTION

LOW LEVEL DISINFECTION

l Many organisms can survive on exposure to these disinfectants.

–Used for items which come in contact with the patients but they do not penetrate into tissues.

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTION

• May not effective against spores

• Includes alcohols, iodophores and phenols

• Used for:–Laryngoscopes–Fiber optic endoscopes

HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION

• Glutaraldehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, peracitic acid and chlorine compounds.

• Effectiveness may be equal to that of sterilisation.

• Used for:l Endoscopesl Cystoscopiesl Surgical instruments with plastic components

EXAMPLE OF DISINFECTION

Alcohols :-

–Ethyl alcohol and Isopropyl alcohol are commonly used.

–Act by denaturing of bacterial proteins.

–No sporicidal and virucidal activity.–Used as skin antiseptics.–Isopropyl alcohol is preferred to Ethyl alcohol as it is better fat solvent, more bactericidal and less volatile.

Alcohols :-

Phenols:-• first introduced the use of phenol ( Carbolic acid) in surgery (1867).

• Produced by distillation of coal tar between temperatures of 170°C and 270°C.

• Commonly used Phenol derivatives are l cresol l chlorhexidine l chloroxylenol l hexachlorophanes

Synthetic phenol surface disinfectant.

Cresols :-

• Lysol is a solution of cresols in soap.

• Active against a wide range of organisms.

• Uses:

1.Cleaning of floors2.Disinfection of

excreta

Chlorhexidine:-

–Eg.Savlon – (Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide)

–More active against Gram–Good fungicidal activity.–No action on spores and –little activity against viruses

Chloroxylenol :-

–Eg.dettol–Less toxic and less irritant.

–Readily inactivated by organic matter

Hexachlorophane:-

• More active against Grems• Bacteriostatic at high dilutions.

• Potentially toxic and should be used with care.

Halogens:-

4.Halogens:l Chlorine l Iodine Commonly used disinfectants

Bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal

Chlorine :-

Disinfection is due to release of free chlorine.

Reacts with water to form hypochlorus acid .

Used in water supplies, swimming pools, food and dairy industries.

Iodophors:-

Iodophors are disinfectants that include iodine. They are used to clean hospital surfaces like tables and beds,and also to disinfect food preparation

equipment.

Iodophor surfaces disinfectant.

Iodine :- l Used as skin disinfectant.

l Bactericidal and moderate action on spores.

l Betadine is one example.

The anionic compounds:-:• E g :- common soaps, • Have strong detergent but weak antimicrobial properties .

• These agents are most active at acidic ph.

• Effective against Gram • organism

Bleach:-Bleach is a relatively inexpensive and highly effective disinfectant. It not only cleans up dirt and mold, but also kills some of the most dangerous bacteria, However, bleach is also one of the most harmful disinfectants to human health and has been linked to respiratory problems and birth defects. Bleach should not be used on the skin.

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Quaternary ammonium compounds are used in lots of common household cleaners. They are used as disinfectants and as detergents.

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde

Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are fast-acting disinfectants. They disinfect quickly and effectively. They are used mostly by hospitals to clean the surgical tools and other medical devices.

Fig. 20-13 Fast-acting high-level disinfectant.

l Wash your hands!!!l (When???)

l When you’re at common places…

Conclusion

Health is very important. Getting a sickness from bacteria can happen in an unhealthy environment. Using a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria is an important way to stay healthy.

HARPICHARPIC LYSOL PHENOL COLIN DETTOL/SAVLON

THANK YOU