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WELCOME

I - SEMINAR

ON

PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENT FOR

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

PRESENTATION BY : BHAGYA VIJAYAN PALB 3120 Sr. M.Sc.(Agril. Extn.)

GIST OF THE SEMINAR

• Introduction

• Objectives

• Natural Resource Management

• Participatory Research & Development

• Changing Agenda of PR&D

• PR&D in NRM

• Research Studies

• Conclusion

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Natural resources are natural assets/ raw materials occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption. (World Trade Organization)

NATURAL RESOURCES

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF THE SEMINAR

1. To know the concept of Natural Resource Management and Participatory Research

2. To understand and discuss Participatory Research &Development in NRM

3. To review the research studies on PR&D in NRM

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NATURAL RESOURCES?????

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Basis of Origin

BIOTIC

ABIOTIC

On Renewability

RENEWABLE

NON -RENEWABLE

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NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Management of natural resources

 

  1.Community-based Natural Resource Management

2.Adaptive Management

3.Integrated Natural Resource Management

Approaches applied to Natural Resource Management

OWNERSHIP REGIMES & EXTERNALITY

COMMON PROPERTY

Tragedy of commons

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STATE

PROPERTY

Externality • Positive • Negative

VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

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1.DIRECT VALUATION

2.TRAVEL COST

METHOD

3.HEDONIC PRICING

4.CONTINGENT VALUATION

KEY DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT

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Empowerment Equity

Sustainability Security

GENESIS OF PR&D• North America & Europe

- (1950’s –’60’s)

Community-based approaches to the creation of

knowledge

• Research – not a dispassionate act but an act of solidarity,

active support and active participation

• International Council for Adult Education -1970’s

• International Participatory Research Network

- (1980’s and 1990’s)

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Epistemological Perspectives Surrounding Participatory Research????

POSITIVISM

CONSTRUCTIVISM

PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH

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• The researcher and participants collaborate actively in a well defined group process to study and change their social reality. (Whyte, 1989)

•Primary goal : to create an environment and process where context-bound knowledge emerges to develop ‘local theory’

•All members of the organization as well as community can participate

PARTICIPATIVE RESEARCH (PR)

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Participants treat each other as colleagues

The researcher’s role :

co-producer of learning

Researcher has less control over the research design process

Has to be flexible to the perspectives of participants

IT IMPLIES..................

• Involves a whole range of people

• Subject of the research originates in the community itself

• Goal - radical transformation and improvement of the lives of the people by themselves

• Create greater awareness of their own resources & self-reliant development

• Facilitates accurate and authentic analysis of social reality• Researcher - committed participant and learner

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PR & ITS MAJOR COMPONENTS

1.PEOPLE

2.POWER

3.PRAXIS

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Phases and Activities of PR&D

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Assessment and Diagnosis

Sustaining Local

Innovation

Managing PR&D

Dissemination and Scaling Up

Experimenting With Technology Options

Promoting and Developing Capacity for PR&D

SYNTHESIS

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

INTEGRATION

SUPPORT MECHANISMS

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•Encompasses : generating, sharing, exchanging, utilizing knowledge

•Synergy

•Sources of knowledge: from local systems to global science•Provides decision-support tools and information

•Holistic perspective : in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management 

The Changing Agenda of Participatory Research and Development

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PR: Collaborative Process

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• Brings isolated people together

Validates their experiences

• Presents the knowledge and experiences of the researchers

Contextualizes individual problems or

weakness • Links personal experiences to social realities

Types of Participation

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PARTICIPATION

CONSULTATIVE

COLLABORATIVE

COLLEGIATE

CONTRACTUAL

DIALOGUE AND CRITICAL REFLECTION

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*Feature that distinguishes participatory research from other social research - dialogue

*Through dialogue, people come together and participate *Connectedness leads to shared meaning

*Encourages people to voice their perspectives and experiences

*Critically examine the sources and implications of knowledge

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COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF THE

RESEARCH

Suitable timings, non

sceptical, credible

Previous experience

Previous perceptions

The Changing Agenda of Agricultural Research and Development

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Equitable distribution of benefits

Sustaining productivity gains

Shifting the focus of research

Strengthening the capacity of local farming communities Building

synergy

Genesis of PR&D in NRM

(Janssen and Goldsworthy, 1996)

1990’s

Natural Resource Management as part of Sustainable development

1980’s

Farming System Research

1970’s

Crop Ecology

Physiology, Pathology , Entomology, Genetics, Agronomy

1960’s

Farm Management Farm Economics, Engineering,Planning

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Understanding PR in terms of NRM

Emergence of two domains

Depends on two critical factors:

(1) Public concern about major issues

(2) Understanding of the interrelations between problems and

the ability to deal with these interactions in the research

methodology

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PR in NRM

An approach that aims at improving livelihoods, agro ecosystem resilience, agricultural productivity and environmental services, which aims to augment social, physical, human, natural and financial capital, by solving complex real-world problems affecting natural resources in agro-ecosystems with the simultaneous participation of researcher and people.

Biosphere

HOMEOSTASIS

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Five Principles of Good Practice in PR for NRM

1. Reflects a clear and coherent agenda

2. Addresses and integrates the complexities and dynamics

3. Applies the triangulation principle

4.Contributes to Planning

5. Based on two-way sharing of information

(Vernooy and McDougall, 2003)

Four Major Issues addressed by NRM Research

1.Impact orientation• What kind of impact do NRM research projects strive

for?

2.Research focus• What is their research focus and who are the intended

beneficiaries?

3.Pathway/strategy to impact• What is their pathway or strategy to achieve an impact

at the local level?

4.Role of Participatory Research13/04/2023 29

IMPACT ORIENTATION

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• Paradoxical situation with regard to impact

• Desired impact remain rather diffuse

• Participatory NRM research requires a strong

impact orientation

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Three major research foci:

(1) The development and assessment of

technologies

(2) The generation of new technology contributes to

policy or management recommendations

(3) Developing approaches for organisational and

local innovation

RESEARCH FOCUS

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PATHWAY/STRATEGY TO IMPACT

• IARCs seek collaboration

(eg; NARC, NGO’s,farmers’ groups )

ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH

•Women and marginalised groups neglected

An Agro -ecological Basis For Natural Resource Management

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•Poverty alleviation

•Food security and self reliance

•Ecological management of productive resources

•Empowerment of rural communities

•Establishment of supportive policies

LIVELIHOOD SECURITY

Production systems

Processing, marketing and consumption

Genetic resources conservation

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ETHNOSCIENCE & RAPPORT BUILDING

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Learning local categories for

things

Understanding how people use their language

Games and drawings can be

used to elicit information

Nothing but folk knowledge

INDIGENOUS ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

CONTEXT

BELIEFKNOWLEDGE

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Role of Development Communication

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

PLANNINGINTERVENTION

DEVELOPING A RESEARCH

RELATIONSHIP

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Property Rights and NRM

PROPERTY RIGHTS

ASSURANCE

DURATIONEXCLUDABILITY

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TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND NRM

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Information

Environmental and Price Risk

Wealth

Credit

Labour

Towards Social and Gender Equity

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• Management of agriculture and natural resources involves interactive roles of diverse social actors•These stakeholders are not homogenous or fixed groups, but differentiated by social categories of gender, class, caste, ethnicity and age•Facilitating the recognition of the social and gendered nature of technologies, policies and interventions•Creating a space for social actors (women and men) to manoeuvre to have more access to, control over, and benefits from natural resources

PARTICIPATORY GIS

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• Incorporation of GIS in data collection• Integration of local knowledge and

stakeholders’ perspectives

• Integration of social and natural science information using spatial databases in natural resources research and development

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

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Efficiency

RelevanceEffectiveness

IMPEDIMENTS

Archaic research and development approach

Lack of indigenous knowledge

Gender inequity Unprecedented approach Tech- unsavvy

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Non cooperation Culture Lag Gender inequality Scepticism Illiteracy

RESEARCHER PEOPLE

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SOME OF THE PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM

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GLANCE THROUGH PARTICIPATORY TOOLS EMPLOYED IN NRM

Transect walk

Watershed diagram

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Conflict analysis

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Crop budget

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RESEARCH STUDIES

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I. Measuring the Impact of User Participation in Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Research

Nancy et.al., (2003)

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To assesses the impact of using participatory methods • Three agricultural research projects which have a natural

resource management focus

Mixed methods of participation are used

• Four Areas of Focus

>Adoption and economic impact of project technologies

>Human and social capital among participating individuals and communities

>Feedback to formal research institutions

>Costs of conducting the research

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STAGE CONVENTIONAL CONSULTATIVE EMPOWERING FARMER EXPERIMENTATION

collaborative collegial

Design WN,ICRISAT CIP CIP

Testing ICRISAT CIP,WN

Diffusion ICRISAT CIP CIP,WN CIP,WN,ICRISAT

TYPES OF PARTICIPATION

PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS:1. INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTRE2. INTERNATIONAL CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SEMI ARID TROPICS3. WORLD NEIGHBOURS SOIL CONSERVATION WORK

METHODOLOGY : PRA TOOLS, Mother baby trial

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User participation was found to

influence priorities and practices Participation led to

greater economic impacts Participation led to

more relevant technologies Use of participatory

methods decreased research costs

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

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II. Combining top-down and bottom-up modelling approaches of land use/ cover change to support public

policies: Application to sustainable management of natural resources in northern Vietnam

Jean Christophe et.al., (2007)

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•To identify efficient modelling approaches of land use/ cover change (LUCC)

•Which will support public policies related to sustainable management of natural resources

•Three modelling methodologies &were applied at same research site

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SAMBA METHODOLOGY

LAND USE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (LUPAS) METHODOLOGY

CONVERSION OF LAND USE AND ITS EFFECTS (CLUE) METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

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FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

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• More than one tool/ method is needed to address the different aspects of eco-regional analysis

• For better interaction between the different groups of stakeholders more integration between the methods is needed

• (SAMBA) was found to be more efficient

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III. Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resources Management in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand

Cherdpong Kheerajit et.al., (2013)

Methodology

Secondary data collection, Interview

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To study the effect of participatory development

communication in bringing stakeholders together to address

the problem of dissolution of the environment and natural

resources

The study centers the following variables

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1.Information sharing

2.Consultation

4.Collaboration

3.Empowerment

5.Behavioural changes

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

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Participatory development communication plays significant role in bringing together

Stakeholders

Cost of natural resources management can be lessened if there is

Proper participation

Participatory development communication is correlated to

Knowledge

CONCLUSION

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Shift from Millennium Development

Goals to Sustainable Development Goals

Dogged progress of Nation

Thrust on food security

Burgeoning population

Collaboration

“Chalein Saath Saath”

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THANK YOU

“Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much” : Helen Keller

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PR