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Future sustainable and intelligent electrical energy systems

Miro ZemanDepartment of Electrical Sustainable EnergyDelft University of Technology

Past and future of TU Delft electrical energy engineering

http://www.ewi.tudelft.nl/actueel/110-jaar-electrical-engineering/e-book-spanning-sensatie/

Vision of Electrical Sustainable Energy department @TU Delft

2015

Future Electrical Energy System

Global developments in energy systems

Energy transition towards sustainable energy

Large-scale implementation of renewable energy sources

Energy efficiency and savings

Smart grids

Improve power system efficiency, reliability, stability, resilience

Cope with necessary flexibility caused by emerging new technologies

and components:

Facilitate integration of electricity from renewable energy sources

Exploit potential of electric cars and storage

Reduce electricity use

Integrate energy carriers in an intelligent hybrid energy system

Global drivers and challenges

http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/package/index_en.htm

The climate and energy package is a set of binding legislation which aims to ensure the European Union meets its ambitious climate and energy targets for 2020.

These targets, known as the "20-20-20" targets, set three key objectives for 2020:

20% reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels; Raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable

resources to 20%; A 20% improvement in the EU's energy efficiency.

Energy transition

EU Climate and energy targets for 2020 (March 2007)

Energy transition

http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations/future/index_en.htm

At the Paris climate conference (COP21) in December 2015, 195 countries adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal.

The agreement sets out a global action plan to put the world on track to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C. The agreement is due to enter

into force in 2020.

Key elements: Mitigation of climate change: reducing emissions; Transparency in execution and global stocktake ; Adaptation to the impacts; Loss and damage by climate change; Support

Paris Global climate action (December 2015)

Source: Global Energy Assessment, 2012, http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/ENE/GEA/index.htmlE (exa)=1018CCS Carbon Capture & Storage

Energy transition

2016

Global energy transition scenario: Towards sustainable energy

Global electricity consumption development

Source: IEA 2008, EC 2011 data.html

2006

20%

30%

40%

2015 2030 2050

17%

21%

39%

16%

10%

Data centers

Data centersLighting

Lighting

Electric cars

Share of electricity in total energy consumption

Demand follows supply

Future Electrical Energy System: ESE vision

Energy system and society

Smart energy management

Physical system

Source: Spanning & Sensatie: 110 jaar Delftse Elektrische Energietechniek, TU Delft 2015

Future Electrical Energy System

1. Physical system

Design of electrical system: transmission & distribution engineering,

power system control & protection, microgrids

New technologies, components and automation functions: electricity generation and conversion, storage, power electronics, automatic

controls, HV(DC/AC) components, DC systems

2. Smart Energy Management

Use full potential of ICT as enabling technology for energy

3. Energy System and Society

Markets en policy (markets, economics and public policy)

User behavior, security and privacy

Cooperation based on multi-disciplinary approach: 3TU, NERA

Renewable energy use in Europe

Share of energy from renewable energy sources in gross final

energy consumption in 2012 and 2013 and national targets in 2020

The state of renewable energies in Europe, Edition 2014, 14th EurObserv’ER Report

http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/barobilan/barobilan14_EN.pdf

2012

2013

2020 target

Renewable energy use in Europe

The state of renewable energies in Europe, Edition 2014, 14th EurObserv’ER Report

http://www.energies-renouvelables.org/observ-er/stat_baro/barobilan/barobilan14_EN.pdf

Neth

erl

an

ds

Germ

an

y

Den

ma

rk

Sw

ed

en

2012

2013

2020 target

Installed wind energy capacity in Netherlands

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_by_country

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Installed Wind in Netherlands

MW

pTUD DUWind program: research on future of the wind energy

Global cumulative installed wind power in 2014: 369,6 GW

2,8 GW 0,7 %

Installed PV capacity in Netherlands

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy_in_the_European_Union

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Installed PV in Netherlands

MW

p

Global cumulative installed PV power in 2014: 173,4 GW

1,1 GW 0,6 %

Socio-technical system of prosumers

• optimize economical operation

• optimize environmental effects

• provide consumers with choice options

Energy management

• ensure reliability of supply

• ensure security of supply

• reconfigure to maintain QoS

Physical power system

• generate/distribute/store/use

• improve systems operations

• reduce environmental impact

PowerWeb program TU Delft

QoS Quality of service

Towards the smart energy grid of future

http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/

Socio-technical system of prosumers

• optimize economical operation

• optimize environmental effects

• provide consumers with choice options

Energy management

• ensure reliability of supply

• ensure security of supply

• reconfigure to maintain QoS

Physical power system

• generate/distribute/store/use

• improve systems operations

• reduce environmental impact

PowerWeb program TU Delft

QoS Quality of service

Towards the smart energy grid of future

http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/

policy analysis

computer science

mathematics

electricalengineering

control engineering

PowerWeb program TU Delft

Towards Smart grids: Integrating Ideas, People, Programs

Partners: TUD (EEMCS, TPM, IDE, 3ME, AS), CWI, Alliander, TenneT

20 research projects

Multidisciplinary approach:

Electrical engineering (network stability, efficiency, control, supply/demand balancing, power processing, management, devices)

Computer science(data collection and processing)

Economics and business science(services, control, management, business models)

Law and society (regulation, privacy, reliability, prices, fairness)

http://powerweb.tudelft.nl/en/

Local electricity generation and use PV electricity combined with storage and

charging of electric vehicles

Partners: TUD, ABB, PRE (Breda)

Electric vehicles as storage Contactless charging combined with solar

roads

Partners: TUD, TNO

Local (DC) grids with high efficiency DC system on LV level, DC transformer, cellular

smart grid platform

Partners: TUD, TUe, DNV-GL, ABB Duitsland

Examples of running projects

PowerWeb program TU Delft

Potential of PV in built environment in NL

Het potentieel van zonnestroom in de gebouwde omgeving in Nederland, PBL &DNV-GL, 2014

Available area in NL: ~ 400 km2

PV technology efficiency: 16%

Annual PV module yield: 123 kWh/m2

Annual yield PV system: 770 kWh/kWp

Possible installed PV capacity: ~ 65 GWp

Generated electricity: ~ 50 TWh/y = demand of buildings

(50 TWh/y = ~ 50% NL electricity consumption)

Imbalance between generation and demand: local conditions (weather, population), seasonal changes (winter/summer)

capacity problems of the grid

Measures: Curtailment, demand response, control power, grid reinforcement

Storage (batteries, large-scale -> power-to-gas)

Smart grid

Cost PV electricity production (CPV)

J. Werner, Int. Symp. on Innovative Solar Cells, Tokyo, 2014 (Un of Stuttgart)

500 1000 1500 2000 25000,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

T€ = 2000 €/kW

p

1000 €/kWp

1500 €/kWp

ele

ctr

icity p

rod. cost C

PV

[€

/kW

h]

annual energy yield Eann

[kWh/(kWp a)]

500 €/kWp n = 20 years

i = 6 %

KE

TC

ann

PV€

ni

iK

)1(1

8-12 ct

5-7 ct

4-6 ct Germ

any,

Japan

Cypru

s

South

Afr

ica

Electricity Cost CPV [€/kWh]

Total investment T€ [€/kWp]

Annual Yield E ann [kWh/(kWp×a)]

Annuity K

Years n

Interest Rate i

Conclusion: University research contribution

Create:

Sustainable business opportunities

Deliver:

Reliable, affordable and sustainable electricity

everywhere and for everyone

What do we stand for: