G2 - Productive, profitable, resilient agriculture & aquaculture systems

G2 - Productive, profitable, resilient agriculture & aquaculture systems

1

2

Take home messages

1. Tremendous potential to greatly increase productivity, nutritive value, profitability & resilience of production systems in the polders• agricultural systems (rice & non-rice)• aquacultural systems• rice-aquaculture systems• homestead production systems

2. To unlock this potential need to invest in • improved water mgt• with special emphasis on drainage mgt (the entry point) and infrastructure inside the polders

3. Community co-ordination is critical to achieving this – needs community ownership & to be community-driven

West Bengal, IndiaSW& SC Bangladesh

Patuakhali STU

Polder 43/2/F

Polder 30

Polder 3

North 24 Parganas

South 24 Parganas

Andy Nelson

“LOW SALINITY” (L)• Water “stagnation” 30-50 cm weeks to months in aman• River water fresh year-round• Mild soil salinity in dry season

“MEDIUM SALINITY” (M)• Water “stagnation” 30-50 cm weeks to months in aman• River water saline mid-Feb-

Jun• Medium soil salinity in dry

season

“HIGH SALINITY” (H)• Water “stagnation” 30-50

cm weeks to months in aman• River water saline Dec-Jul• High soil salinity in dry

season

3

Objectives (6)1. Rice variety evaluation• aus (early rainy season) – low (L), medium (M) salinity• aman (main rainy season) - L, M, high (H) salinity • boro (dry season) - L, M2. Rice-based cropping system intensification• Rice-rice-rice L rice-rice M• Rice-rice-rabi L rice-rabi M• Rice+fish - brackish water aquaculture H3. Homestead production systems – L, M, H• Analysis - literature review & surveys• Improving productivity of homestead systems/empowering

women4. Brackish water aquaculture systems - H• Evaluation of improved management options5. Technology & policy recommendations6. Pilot community water management – CPWF Innovation Grant

4

CPWF Innovation Project

5Jahangir

Alam

SocioConsult

6

7

8

Liz 1. Improving rice–based agricultural cropping systems

Saha Ashutosh

2. Improving rice-aquaculture & aquaculture only systems

Manjurul 3. Homestead production systems - cross-country comparison

Kabir - women-led participatory action research

Today’s presentation

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

Traditional Rice 2-3.5 t/ha

Predominant agricultural cropping systems in the low & moderately saline regions of the coastal zone of Bangladesh

..................Fallow…………………........ LowMed

~40%

• Traditional variety• Tall, photoperiod sensitive (late maturing – harvested Dec/Jan)• 35-70 day old seedlings 9




Sesame 0-1 t/ha Traditional Rice

2-3.5 t/ha


Khesari 0.2-1 t/ha ............Fallow…………….

…..Fallow.... ....……........

..................Fallow…………………........ LowMed

Med

Low

~40%

10




Sesame 0-1 t/ha Traditional Rice

2-3.5 t/ha


Khesari 0.2-1 t/ha ............Fallow…………….

…..Fallow.... ....……........

..................Fallow…………………........ LowMed

Med

Low

~40%


Aus 3-4 t/ha............Fallow……………...

Low

11

12

For high rice yield & cropping system intensification in polders we need rice varieties with…..

1. High yield potential

2. Tolerance to stresses, especially• water stagnation (30-50 cm, week...months)• salinity• submergence after transplanting• singly and in combination

3. Early maturity (for system intensification)

4. Preferred grain quality

13

Rice variety evaluation in farmers’ fields

Tolerance to water stagnation for aman essential throughout coastal zone This crop experienced deep water (up to 44 cm) for several weeks (4.6 t/ha)

14

BRRI dhan54

Amal-Mana ~4 t/ha(Water stagnation tolerant)

Sabita <2 t/ha

15

Submergence tolerance needed for aman (& aus)(example in a shrimp-rice gher)

2nd transplanting submerged for 1 week shortly after transplanting – BRRI dhan52 (BR11-Sub1)

16

3rd transplanting NOT submerged

Sabita <2 t/ha

Swarna sub1, 3.5 t/ha

17

Salinity tolerance needed for aman in high salinity areas (& for aus)

- especially for aman in ghers used for brackish water shrimp in the dry season

18

BRRI dhan47 in gher3.6 t/ha

BRRI dhan28

BRRI dhan613.8 t/ha

BRRI dhan28

BRRI dhan47 4 t/ha

Parijat <1 t/ha

19

With improved varieties & intensification we have achieved the following

…..on-farm…..in the polders

Boro (140-145 d) T. Aman (130-140 d)

Aus (100-105 d)

20

Cropping system intensification for low salinity areas1. Aus-aman-boro (15-17 t/ha)

HYVShort durationSalt tolerant

HYVMedium durationWater stagnation tolerant

HYVMedium duration“Early” sowing

Successfully implemented on-farm for 3 years – 8th crop – polder 43/2F

A M J J A S O N D J F M A

Rabi (110-140 d) T. Aman (130-140 d)

Aus (100-105 d)


21

Cropping system intensification for low salinity areas2. Aus-aman-rabi (9-10 t/ha rice+9 t/ha maize OR 3.5 t/ha sunflower etc)

HYVShort durationSalt tolerant


HYVMaizeSunflower, Water melonChilli etc.

Successfully implemented on-farm for 3 years – 8th crop – polder 43/2F

Boro (140-145 d) T. Aman (130-140 d)

22

Cropping system intensification for medium salinity/water short areas1. Aman-boro (~10 t/ha)


HYV“Early” sowingMedium duration

Successfully implemented on-farm for 3 years, 6th crop – polder 30


Rabi (110-140 d) T. Aman (130-140 d)


23

Cropping system intensification for medium salinity areas2. Aman-rabi (~4.5 t/ha rice + ~5 t/ha maize, 1.5 t/ha sunflower)

HYVMaizeSunflowerSesame

Implemented on-farm for 2 years, 4th crop – polder 30 – but NOT to potential;Community water management, cropping system synchronisation, adoption challenges

24

With improved varieties & cropping system intensification, productivity can be increased 2 to several-fold

Widespread implementation requires improved water management

Water mgt ingredients for a Green Revolution in the Polders

1. Separation of lands of higher & lower elevation (mini-water mgt units)

Prevent accumulation of drainage in lowlands – enable rainy season HYVrice

25

River

Sluicegate

Drainage outlet

Road

Rural road

Canal(khal)

Drainage canal

6 ha pilot water management unit on polder 30

26

1-Jul-1

2

14-Jul-1

2

27-Jul-1

2

9-Aug-1

2

22-Aug-1

2

4-Sep-12

17-Sep-12

30-Sep-12

13-Oct-

12

26-Oct-

12

8-Nov-1

2

21-Nov-1

2

4-Dec-1

2

17-Dec-1

2

30-Dec-1

2

12-Jan-13

25-Jan-13

7-Feb-13

20-Feb-13

5-Mar-

13

18-Mar-

130

20406080

100120140160180200220240

Rain

fall

& W

ater

dep

th (m

m)

Transplanting

~250 mm rain after transplanting – need to drain to save the HYV rice

27

28




2. Strategic drainage during the rainy season

Enables cultivation of HYV & thus earlier harvest (mid-Nov)

29





Enables cultivation of HYV & earlier harvest (mid-Nov)

3. Drainage shortly before aman harvest (early Nov)

Enables soil to dry for early (timely) establishment of rabi crops

30

SesameMungbean

The consequences of late rabi crop establishment – low yields or complete failure due to early kharif rains

- high yield, high value crops out of the question (e.g. sunflower, maize)

AFTER RICE HARVEST – some areasLow input crops – late sown (Feb/Mar) because of late rice harvest

31








4. Make use of available fresh water for irrigation during the dry season

In some areas lots of fresh water in the rivers almost year-round - untapped

32

27-A

pr-1

1

26-Ju

n-11

25-A

ug-1

1

24-O

ct-1

1

23-D

ec-1

1

21-F

eb-1

2

21-A

pr-1

2

20-Ju

n-12

19-A

ug-1

2

18-O

ct-1

2

17-D

ec-1

2

15-F

eb-1

3

16-A

pr-1

3

15-Ju

n-13

14-A

ug-1

30.00

4.00

8.00

12.00

16.00Polder 30 (Station-2, Pussur river)

Salin

ity (p

pt)

26-F

eb

14-S

ep

1-A

pr

18-O

ct

6-M

ay

22-N

ov

10-J

un

0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

16.0

20.0

24.0 Polder 43-2f (Station-2 (Out Side),Paira River)

Date

Salin

ity

(ppt

)

IWM










5. De-silting of khals ..Increases storage capacity for irrigation when river too saline..Facilitates drainage

33

Khals within polders vary greatly in size, can store fresh water during the dry season, but often heavily silted up (some no longer exist), blocked…

34










5. De-silting of khals ..Increases storage capacity for irrigation when river too saline..Facilitates drainage

6. “Early” establishment of boro rice after aman (sow mid-Nov)

Reduces storage requirement for fresh water to finish the crop off after the rivers become too saline

35Polder 30 - sufficient storage for 15-20% of land to grow boro rice

- desilting of khals roughly double the possible boro rice area










5. De-silting of khals(CPWF phase 1)

..Increases storage capacity for irrigation when river too saline..Facilitates drainage

6. “Early” establishment of boro rice after aman (sow mid-Nov – CPWF phase 1)

Reduces storage requirement for fresh water to finish the crop off after the rivers become too saline

7. High yielding/value rabi crops in the dry season, espec. in water short areas

Only need 2-3 irrigations

36

37

Productive, Profitable, Resilient and Diversified Aquaculture Systems in

High Salinity Areas

38

BANGLADESH

Aquaculture: Salinity fluctuates from high in dry season to medium in rainy season

Aquaculture-rice: Salinity fluctuates from high in dry season to low in rainy season

39

Research Objective

Improved management for enhanced productivity, profitability &

resilience in aquaculture-rice & aquaculture only systems

24 mini-ghers for aquaculture-rice 12 mini-ghers for aquaculture only

407-870 m2866-1463 m2

Trenches for fish refuge when water shallow for

rice establishment

40

41

BeforeConstruction

Drain/Intake canalAround every gher

42

Satellite images of the pond complexes

Aquaculture-rice Aquaculture only

Aquaculture treatments (4 reps)

Treatments

Culture

patterns

2012 2013

Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3(+rice) Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3

(+rice)

Farmer’s practice Poly

Shrimp + different sp of fish (multiple stocking &

harvesting)

Shrimp + different sp of fish (multiple stocking &

harvesting)

Improved practice 1 Mono Shrimp Tilapia

Prawn

PrawnShrimp Shrimp

Tengra………………

Tilapia

Improved practice 2 Poly Shrimp

TilapiaTilapia Tengra

Prawn Singh

Prawn Singh

Shrimp Tilapia

Shrimp Tilapia

Tilapia Tengra

………………Rohu Singh

Magur

Managed by farmers

43

Managed by researchers

Management

Practice Farmer’s Practice Improved 1 & 2Liming 200 kg ha-1 200 kg ha-1

Water filtering Unfiltered FilteredPredatory Fish Not eradicated EradicatedDisinfection No disinfection DisinfectedFertilization No fertilizer Fertilizer & dolomiteShrimp seed Not PCR tested PCR testedFeed No feed Feeding Water replenishment When needed When neededPost stocking fertilization Very insufficient When primary

production is low

Fish seed Some wild All from hatcheries

44

Timeline

Shrimp& fishStocking 1

Harvest 3

AprilMarch Aug. Dec.

Harvest 2

Sept.

Stocking 3 & rice

transplanting

Harvest 1 & Stocking 2

June July Nov.May Oct.

Dry season Wet season

Shrimp diseases

45

Rice-aquaculture systemTherefore 2 water depth treatments (low & high) in rice-aquaculture

Saline water needs to be drained in July to allow leaching of salt by rainfall prior to rice transplantingBrackish water aquaculture production is higher if saline water is kept for longer

Need shallow water after transplanting rice (<20 cm)This is very shallow for aquaculture (importance of trenches)

Better rice productivity with shallower waterBetter aquaculture productivity with deeper water

Some tradeoffs for rice & aquaculture system

46

Findings : Aquaculture-rice

47

Aquaculture production

LD – low depthHD – high depth

Farmer's practice Monoculture Polyculture0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Shrimp (LD)Fish (LD)Shrimp (HD)Fish (HD)

Culture patterns

Yiel

d (k

g ha

-1)

2013

Changed to lower growth but higher value fish species


5001000150020002500300035004000

Shrimp (LD)Fish (LD)Shrimp (HD)Fish (HD)

Culture patterns

Yiel

d (k

g ha

-1)

2012

48

Profitability of aquaculture (BDT x 1000 ha-1 ) (Including farmer labour & land lease value)

FP (LD) FP (HD) Mono (LD)

Mono (HD)

Poly (LD) Poly (HD)-1000

100200300400500600700800

Variable costTotal returnGross margin

Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2012

FP (LD) FP (HD) Mono (LD) Mono (HD)

Poly (LD) Poly (HD)-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2013

49

Profitability of aquaculture (BDT x 1000 ha-1 ) (Excluding farmer labour & land lease value)

FP (LD) FP (HD) Mono (LD) Mono (HD) Poly (LD) Poly (HD)0

100200300400500600700800


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2012

FP (LD) FP (HD) Mono (LD) Mono (HD) Poly (LD) Poly (HD)0

100200300400500600700800


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2013

50

Production of Aman Rice

BR11 BR47 BR54 Morichshail Kumri Jotai0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

35002012 2013

Yiel

d (k

g/ka

)

High yielding varieties Local varieties51

September – drainage congestion in whole region after heavy rain due to inadequate water conveyance system (drainage)October – water shortage - plenty of freshwater in river but inadequate conveyance system (irrigation) 52

Findings : Aquaculture only

53

Production (kg/ha)


1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

ShrimpFish

Days of culture

Yiel

d (k

g ha

-1)

2012


5001000150020002500300035004000450050005500

ShrimpFish

Days of culture

Yiel

d (k

g ha

-1)

2013

54

Profitability of aquaculture (BDT x 1000 ha-1 ) (includes farmer labour & land lease value)

Farmer's practice Monoculture Polyculture-1000

100200300400500600700800


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2012


100200300400500600700800


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2013

55

Profitability of aquaculture (BDT x 1000 ha-1 ) (excludes farmer labour & land lease value)


100

200

300

400

500

600

700


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2012


100200300400500600700800


Culture patterns

BDT

ha-1

2013

56

Cost (Shrimp + Tilapia)

Income from Shrimp

Income from Tilapia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160BD

T x

1000

ha-

1

Impact of crop diversification in shrimp ghers during cycle 1 (55-65 days)

57

Key challengesMarkets• Scarcity of quality shrimp and fish seed• Lack of quality feed in local market

Aquaculture management• Prevention of escaping cat fish through dikes• Aquatic weed control

Community• Poor canal network for filling ponds & drainage

(need community system)• Poaching risk increases (need to increase

productivity of all ghers to lessen predation of individual ghers)

58

Other improvements

You can make your saline gher dike green and environment friendly by adding trees

59

Other improvements

Vegetables can be grown on gher dikes during wet season60

Other improvements

Local variety of grass grows very well on saline gher dikes which can be used as fodder

61

Take home messages

Farmer practice very low profit Improved practice increases profit 3-5 times Shrimp monoculture can be profitable, but highly risky Polyculture provides resilience against failure of

shrimp – profitable even if ALL shrimp die We failed to get high yields of rice because of inability

to drain (& irrigate) when needed Need good community water management systems for

both aquaculture and rice – for intake and drainage as needed

Neighbouring farmers are beginning to adopt improved practices

62

63

Optimum Land Shaping & Harvesting Practice for Rice-Fish Systems

in the Coastal Zone of West Bengal

64

65

Rainy season rice - dry season rice with fish (across both seasons)

The cropping system

More productive, profitable & sustainable paddy cum fish culture systems

Goal

66

Kakdwip Block: Vill – ShibkalinagarNamkhana Block: Vill- Madanganj

Experimental site

67

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of pond area/land area ratio on system performance 20% 30%i.e. How big does the pond need to be to support dry season

rice?

To evaluate the impact of harvesting method Single harvest Phased harvest

3 replicates, split plot

68

4 Collaborators across 2 locations

69

Pa

dd

y V

ari

ety

Partition of pond and paddy field by Net and Bamboo

Fish Culture without phase harvest

Fish Culture with phase harvest

Earthen Embankment

TrenchPond area (30% or 20%)

Paddy Cultivation Area (70% or 80%)

Layout

70

Layout

71

Fish management

Species 3 spp Indian Major Carp

Advance Fingerlings @ 4000/ha(Catla:Rohu:Mrigal 30:35:35),

Scampi-@1500/haFeed management

Broadcasting and tray feedingFeed Pelleted feed

(protein-24%, lipid 4%) @ 5-3% of body weight)

72

Rice culture

Varieties Wet season - Amalmana Dry season –

Lalminikit (WGL 20471)BINA-8

Fertilizer Recommended practiceIrrigation of dry season riceFrom pond using a pump

Cultivation of wet season paddy variety

Cultivation of dry season paddy variety

73

20% pond area - higher nitrate and phosphate in water greater production of plankton (= fish food!)

74

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Prod

uctio

n (k

g/ha

)Production of fish

Without phase harvest

With phase harvest

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Prod

uctio

n (k

g/ha

)

Productivity 20% pond higher by 161 kg/ha – due to higher nutrient concentration?

Productivity phased harvest higher by 277 kg/ha- due to progressive removal of larger fish

75

Rohu Catla Mrigal Scampi0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

30% pond

20% pond

Mea

n bo

dy w

eigh

t (g)

Performance of individual species

Higher growth of 3 carp species in 20%Lower growth of scampi in 20%

Sampling of fish

76

Paddy production (wet season)

Paddy harvesting and threshing

Greater lodging from cyclone

77

Dyke croppingDyke crops Production (kg)/ha

land of PCFGross income

(Rs)/ha land of PCF

Vegetables 351 11,706Oil seed 169 2,400

Fodder (seed) 458 5,490

Dyke cropping in Paddy cum fish culture78

20% Land shaping 30% Land shaping

Component Total Productivity

(kg/ha)

Amount (x105 Rs )

Total Productivity

(kg/ha)

Amount(x105 Rs)

Rice (wet season only)

2875 0.37 2900 0.38

Fish 895 1.29 743 1.10

Dyke cropping

489 0.09 489 0.09

Gross Income 1.76 Gross Income 1.57

Total production & income to date

20% provided Rs. 19000/ha ($307/ha) more than 30% to date…Dry season rice yet to come, also full economic analysis

79

Higher fish production with phased harvesting

Higher fish production with 20% pond area

To date, higher value of production with 20% land shaping

Conclusion

80

THANK YOU

81

West Bengal, IndiaSW& SC Bangladesh

Polder 43/2/F

Polder 30

Polder 3

North 24 Parganas

South 24 Parganas

Homestead production systems: enhanced productivity for food security in South Bangladesh and West Bengal, India

Objectives:

Comparison between southern Bangladesh and West Bengal –

• Homestead Farming Systems (HFS) • Socio-economic status of households• Contribution of HFS to household income &

consumption • Identify priority areas of improvement

Survey Samples (<1 ha-80%; 2012)Country Region Salinity # HH

surveyed

Banglade

sh

Polder 43 Low 320

Polder 30 Moderate 338

Polder 3 High 461

Total

1,119

West

Bengal

Block Kakdwip Low 120

Block Namkhana Moderate 120

Sandeshkhali I Moderate 120

Sandeshkhali II Moderate 120

Block Sagar High 240

Total

720

HFS

Pond aquaculture

Beetle vine

Vegetable production

Fruit garden

Livestock

Poultry

Components of HFS

• In Bangladesh only 50% poor people have pond in their homestead while 97% households got a pond in India

• Beetle vine production in HFS only in West Bengal with higher economic return

Household food security

Homestead

Non-homestead

Land ownership pattern

Total land (field +homestead) Homestead land

Ratio of homestead to field land

Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Bangladesh West Bengal

BangladeshWest Bengal

West Bengal

West Bengal

Bangladesh

West Bengal

Bangladesh

West Bengal

Homestead land has higher

importance for the poor farmers

in Bangladesh

Major occupation

West BengalBangladesh

AgricultureAquacultureBetel vine BusinessDriverFishermenTeacherCarpenterJob/ServiceLaborVan/Rickshaw pullerOthers

In Bangladesh higher number of hh depend on agriculture than W. Bengal

Contribution of HFS to annual household income

Country Off-farm Field HFS aq. HFS Non -aq. Total

Bangladesh 667 381 70 176 1,079

West Bengal 800 357 116 93 1,304

Annual household income (US$) from different sources by country

Non-aq sources contribute more to overall income in Bangladesh

5%

15%

31%49%

Bangladesh

HFS Aq

HFS Non- Aq

Field

Off farm

9% 7%

25%59%

West Bengal

10

20

30

40

00

< 1 < 1

Month

% o

f h

ou

seh

old

Bangladesh West Bengal

Food requirement satisfied by own products (HFS + Field)

• Only ~20% hh with <1 ha land are meeting their year round food requirement from own production, suggests opportunity for vertical integration of the systems

• Over all households in West Bengal with higher amount of land supported their food requirement better than Bangladesh

Meals per day

Yes80%

No20%

Bangladesh

~20% people in both countries do not get 3 meals regularly

Yes82%

No18%

West Bengal

Need further work to better understand the factors influence consumption in both the countries

Fish

Vegetab

leFru

its

Poultry m

eat

Poultry e

gg

Dairy m

ilk

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

BangladeshWest Bengal

Corr

elati

on s

core

(r)

Correlation between production and consumption

HFS productivity ($/ha/year) in different salinity

Preliminary results says

YES

Does Homestead production system holds promise ???

Key remarks

Homestead production system contributes better in meeting household food security of Functionally Landless groups while small households are more dependent on non-homestead productionHFS productivity significantly lower in high salinity areas than low salinity areas in both the countries

Need to focus more research on improving productivity in saline areas

No specific factors had significant role in regulating HFS productivityMost of the people are not self sufficient/food secured Raising awareness on the importance of nutrition is crucial There are opportunities to further improve the status of food security particularly in the high saline zone

Thanks

Women led participatory action research

(PAR) on homestead challenged pond aquaculture

97

ShadeShallowSeasonalityFlooding riskMultiple ownershipHousehold water useIrrigationAccess for women

Why challenging ?

98

Objectives:to improve nutrition & income through increasing productivity of homestead ponds to empower women thru participatory action research (PAR)

Key pond interventions:– fish species to increase production & consumption– feeding strategies to avoid water pollution– women capacity building

99

Locations & partners – under umbrella of G2

Legend:

Freshwater areasBrackishwater areas

Partners: CPWF-G2 CSISA AAS CCAFS AIN 100

PAR Process

101

Designing the research: Community consultationPARHFS & integrationPond water use AquacultureSpecies selectionFeeding choiceWomen participation

102

Experimental Treatments

Treatment Species Size Density (#/

decimal)

Feeding Remark

1

Tilapia 25 gm 25

5% insect; 20% Kitchen waste; 50% home made; 25%

commercial

Region-1 (Batiaghata,

Amtoli, Kaliganj and Shamnagar)

Nona tengra 1 gm 50

Rui 100 gm 2

Male Golda 5-10 gm 5

2

Tilapia 25 gm 25

Koi 2 gm 50 Singh 5 gm 25Male Golda 5-10gm 5

3

Tilapia 25 gm 25

Mrigal 100 gm 4Catla 100 gm 2Magur 5-10 gm 15Mirror Carp 100 gm 1

1

Tilapia 25 gm 25

5% insect; 20% Kitchen waste; 50% home made; 25%

commercial

Region-2 (Barisal, Jessore,

Faridpur and Jhalokathi)

Koi 2 gm 50

Singh 5-gm 25

Mirror Carp 100 gm 2

2

Tilapia 25 gm 25

Koi 2 gm 50

Magur 5-10gm 15

Silver Carp 100 gm 2

3

Tilapia 25 gm 25

Male Golda 5-10gm 5

Rui 100 gm 2

Katla 100 gm 2

Japani puti 1-2 gm 10

Women preferenceImproved extensiveRegular consumptionStress tolerantHigh value fishMixed feedingLess fertilization

103

Building women farmers research Capacity

104

Women Farmer Researchers Learning Sharing Workshop:

Learn Share Analyze Create a movement for PAR

Agenda:Developing common understanding of research Documenting major learningsParticipatory evaluation of 2013 research by treatmentPrioritization of development outcomesSharing group findings to other groups (global café)Analyzing problems and planning for new PAR cycle

105

Proper technology and care can increase challenged pond productivity greatly (x5)

Basic aquaculture

PAR and PM&E

Learning

106

Participatory evaluation of fish

1.Tilapia2. KoiEverywhere…

107

Prioritizing development outcomes

Increased fish consumption

Importance in family and

society increased

Increased income

Research & Aquaculture

108

Sharing

Individual & group level observation and findings

109

Analyze

Quality fish seed supply at beginning of seasonSalinity, water quality and disease managementLow cost feed

110

Next:

analyze pond record books & impact survey dataconsult with communities for 2014 PAR designContinue to provide technical, facilitation & education support (gender, nutrition, rights, needs)continue documenting research & development outcomes

111

Staff capacity building

112

Thanks

113

114

The big ones: 1. How can we implement improved community management to

achieve the benefits of improved production systems? (about water; agricultural cropping systems, aquaculture systems)

2. Achieving no. 1 requires additional investment in drainage/water management infrastructure inside the polders – is it economic?, what’s the optimum?

Many others specific to components of improved systems:

• rice varietal improvement (e.g. short duration, cold tolerant boro)• nutrient cycling in rice-shrimp systems• homestead production systems (e.g. pond-ecosystem approach)• sustainability of groundwater pumping for boro rice• establishment of rabi crops • aquaculture in saline areas

Research questions for the future (many)

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Take home messages

1. Tremendous potential to greatly increase productivity, nutritive value, profitability & resilience of production systems in the polders• agricultural systems (rice & non-rice)• aquacultural systems• rice-aquaculture systems• homestead production systems

2. To unlock this potential need to invest in • improved water mgt• with special emphasis on drainage mgt (the entry point) and infrastructure inside the polders

3. Community co-ordination is critical to achieving this – needs community ownership & to be community-driven

Environment

G2 - Productive, profitable, resilient agriculture & aquaculture systems