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What is human wellbeing? A locally driven, 3-dimensional
perspective
Emily Woodhouse
WCS / UCL / Imperial College
Poverty to wellbeing
In traditional welfare economics focus on income/GDP and linked to growth
Human centred development
HDI (capabilities)
Livelihoods & resource strategies
Sustainable livelihoods frameworks
QoL / Subjective wellbeing (Gough et al. 2007)
In conservation focus on income, human-wildlife conflict, attitudes towards parks (Pullin et al. 2014)
Human wellbeing: key distinctions
• Multi-dimensional – in line with what people value
• Positive framing – “inclusive aspiration”
• Universal vs local – ideally flexible universal framework
• Objective vs subjective - can be at odds (e.g. MPA in Indonesia – Gurney et al 2014)
Why should conservationists care?
Understanding incentives
Improving perceptions, engagement, legitimacy conservation outcomes
Ethical – “do no harm”
3-dimensional conception
“a state of being with others, which arises where human needs are met, where one can act meaningfully to pursue one’s goals, and where one can enjoy a satisfactory quality of life’’ (McGregor 2007)
MATERIAL What you have Needs satisfactionindicators
RELATIONAL What you can do with what you have
Human agency indicators
SUBJECTIVE How you feel about what you have and what you can do
Quality of life indicators
Social concept – construct objective and subjective through social relations with others; social good important in wellbeing
Locally grounded approach
‘Voices of the
Poor’ wellbeing
domains
Description and examples
Material Secure and adequate livelihoods
Enough food and food security
Assets e.g. land, natural resources, livestock,
savings and capital, goods, housing, furniture
and tools
Health Feeling strong and well
Access to health services
Appearing well
Having a healthy physical environment
Social
relations
Good relations with family, community and
country
Dignity e.g. not being a burden, feeling listened
to
Ability to help others and fulfil social obligations
Ability to care for children (including education
and marriage)
Security Confidence in the future – predictability
Peace
Safe and secure environment e.g. safety from
disasters
Personal physical security and safety
Security in old age and for future generations
Freedom
of choice
& action
Sense of control and power
Ability to pursue what you value doing & being,
and meet aspirations
Ability to be a good person e.g. to help others
“To feel that you have a good/normal life (engishui e kawaida) in this community, what is important?”
Wellbeing in Simanjiro, Northern Tanzania
Dimension Example indicators Method
Material Assets – livestock, land (communal & private), crops producedAccess to services including education
Livelihoods survey
Relational Participation in cons/dev activitiesSocial relations and conflict
Group discussionsWellbeing survey
SubjectiveFeelings of securitySense of control over changeTrust in external actorsValued cultural traditionsAttribution of changes
Wellbeing survey (use of likert scales) based in qualunderstandings
Thoughts on relationships with equity
• Understanding (disaggregated) wb needs and impacts prerequisite for analysing distributive equity.
• Can constitute each other e.g. equity as part of wb
• Relational wb related to procedural equity; and can uncover contextual equity issues e.g. institutions/power structures
• Social idea of wb (living well together) reflects wider issue of reconciling individual wb with societal good – question of justice
• Locally grounded wb approach has potential to improve equity in planning & evaluation