What Is Environment ?Environment refers to the surroundings of an object, or the Natural environment, all living and non-living things that occur naturally on Earth

BY WIKIPEDIA

Effect of adding waste to the environment

Human activities produce a lot of waste materials which are thrown away into the environment. These wastes cause pollution of air, water and soil.

Biodegradable wastes :- are wastes which are decomposed into harmless substances by microorganisms. Eg :- vegetables, fruits, pulses, cereals, cotton, jute, wool, wood, leather, paper, animal dung, animal bones etc.

Non biodegradable wastes :- are wastes which are not decomposed by microorganisms. Eg :- polythene bags, plastics, synthetic fibers, glass, metals, synthetic rubber, insecticides, pesticides etc.

Ecosystem

An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms in an area along with the non living components and their interaction.

Natural ecosystems :- like forests, deserts, grass lands, mountains, ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans etc.

Artificial ecosystems :- like gardens, parks, crop fields, aquarium, zoo etc.

Components of an ecosystem

Biotic components :- are the living components like plants, animals and microorganisms. They consist of producers,consumers and decomposers

Abiotic components :- are the non living components like air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight temperature, wind etc.

A food chain is the flow of food energy from one organism to the next and to the next and so on. They usually start with a producer (plants) and end with a carnivore. In a food chain an organism gets food from one group of organisms.

Food web Food web is a group of several interconnected food chains. In a food web an organism gets food from more than one group of organisms.

The three R’s to save the environment

Reduce :- means using less of natural resources and avoiding wastage of natural resources.

Recycle :- means the materials like paper, plastic, glass, metals etc. used for making things can again be used for making new things instead of synthesising or extracting new paper, plastic, glass or metals.

Reuse :- means using things again and again like the plastic bottles in which we buy jams, pickles etc can be again used for storing things in the kitchen.

Stake holders  People who are associated with forests directly or indirectly are :-

i) People living in and around forests depend on forests for their livelihood.

ii) Industrialists who use the raw materials from forests for manufacturing paper, medicines, furniture etc. iii) Nature and wild life organisations who want to conserve and preserve forests. .

Water Uses of water ?

Water is a basic necessity for all living things. We use water for our daily needs, for agriculture, transportation, construction of buildings, roads, dams etc. Water is a natural habitat for aquatic organisms.Human activities are affecting the availability of water and causing pollution of water bodies.

DAMS

Water harvesting (Rain water harvesting)

Water harvesting is collecting and storing rain water for future use.

The common methods of water harvesting are i) Digging pits, ponds, lakes etc. ii) Building small earthen dams or concrete check dams. iii) Construction of dykes. iv) Construction of reservoirs. v) Construction of rooftop collecting units in houses.

Different methods of water harvesting

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BY BISWADEEPAK RATH