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Can a diversity of governance forms, with a focus on indigenous peoples' and local community empowerment and decision-making, lead to enhanced conservation and human well-being across landscapes? Lead presentation for a session on 'Better Governed Landscape as Models for Sustainable and Equitable Well-being' at the World Parks Congress, Sydney, 17 November 2014.
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Better Governed Landscapes for Sustainable and Equitable Well-being
Ashish Kothari
Kalpavriksh and ICCA Consortium
Today’s vision of ‘development’
Violence against nature, people, and cultures
Are there alternatives? How does better governance fit into them?
Governance diversity & quality
crucial for conservation: expanding coverage, enhancing connectivity, improving effectiveness
enables integration of conservation with economic and cultural sectors … beyond zonation
Indigenous peoples and local community conserved territories
and areas (ICCAs) sites with significant biodiversity, ecological functions and cultural values voluntarily conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities through customary laws or other effective means
Peoples’ movements of resistance and reconstruction across world … practical models of sustainability and
equity
• Collective governance crucial for human well-being in harmony with rest of nature … along with…
Transformative frameworks of well-being(small sample …)
Buen vivir / sumak kawsay (“living well”, South America)
Swaraj (“self-rule”) / Radical ecological democracy (South Asia)
Happiness (Bhutan)
Ubuntu (“compassion/humanism”) (S. Africa)
Degrowth / Solidarity economies (Europe / N. America)
Questions for discussion …
1. Can diverse types of governance across the landscape create better conditions for sustainability and equity?
What elements of governance quality enable this? • participatory or direct democracy• collective, customary institutions• rights with responsibilities • collaboration of various sectors • resilience
Does a landscape with diverse types of ‘protected areas’ and ‘other effective area-based conservation measures’ provide greater possibility of achieving human well-being based on sustainability and equity?
What are practices and visions of well-being from other sectors (e.g. ‘development’, livelihoods, human rights), that can contribute to more equitable and enhanced conservation?
How do the following contribute: • secure tenure for indigenous peoples and local
communities• respect for various forms of knowledge• direct or radical democracy with decision-making
emanating from the grassroots• ecoregional governance and planning • social justice and eradication of inequities of
gender, class, caste, ethnicity, race, and others• economic democracy with producer and consumer
control over the market; • dignified, sustainable livelihoods linked to
sustainable production and consumption; • alternative, community-based approaches to health
and learning/education.
for more information:
http://radicalecologicaldemocracy.wordpress.com
www.alternativesindia.org
www.kalpavriksh.org