Talking

ab!t V-ing

V-ing ✦ Gerunds✦ Participles✦ Participial adjectives✦ And other uses

Gerunds ✴Subject in a sentence✴Learning English is necessary for

your future. ✴Eating junk food is bad for your

health.

Gerunds✴Object of a preposition✴Thank you for returning my call. ✴Can you touch your toes without

bending your knees?✴Jill finds pleasure in reading books.

Gerunds✴Object of a verb✴We do not allow smoking in the room. ✴Jane misses living in the country. ✴Jack didn’t recall telling Jill the news.

Participles ✴Progressive form ✴Verb to be + V-ing ✴The whole family is watching the

singing competition in the living

room.

Adjectives✴Describe a noun✴Werewolves are frightening fictional

creatures. [= werewolves frighten

people.]✴The plot of her new novel is fascinating.

[=the plot fascinates readers.]

Other Uses✦ Use V-ing after these words

✦ Time linkers✦ Go ✦ Possessive adjectives✦ There is no ...

Time Linkers✴Before, after, while, when, if, unless✴Before going to bed, be sure to brush

your teeth.✴While driving a car, it’s wise not to

talk on the phone.

Go ✴Use V-ing after Go✴I go shopping every other day. ✴Let’s go fishing this weekend. ✴Jack loves to go hiking. [or Jack loves

going hiking.]

Possessive Adjectives✴Use V-ing after my, your, our, his, her,

its✴Liz cannot accept his telling lies. ✴Paul’s drinking cost him his job.✴Jill’s expertise is her cooking.

There✴Use V-ing after ‘There is no ...’✴There is no denying that studying in

higher degrees can be tough. ✴There is no telling what they will do.

V-ing & Infinitive

Same Meaning✴Subject in a sentence✴To learn is essential to life.✴Learning is essential to life.

✴Object of a verb✴We love to play the piano.✴We love playing the piano.

Same Meaning✴Subject complement✴My favorite hobby is playing

chess.✴My favorite hobby is to play

chess.

Different Meaning✴Jill stops to talk to me.✴Jill pauses what she is doing in order

to talk to me.✴Jill stops talking to me. ✴Jill no longer speaks to me.

Different Meaning✴Jane remembers to set an alarm clock.✴Remember = 1st action✴Set an alarm clock = 2nd action

✴Jane remembers setting an alarm clock.✴Set an alarm clock = 1st action✴Remember = 2nd action

Different Meaning✴Jack forgets to close the window. ✴The window is still open.

✴Jack forgets closing the window.✴The window is close but Jack forgets

that he closed it.