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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN
ASIA & PACIFIC REGION:
Ella S. Antonio
Status, Challenges, and Lessons for SDG
Implementation
Strategy formulation in Asia & Pacific has reached some level of maturity
SD Plan/Strategy Country
NSDS (Long-Term) Majority (No info: North Korea, SIDS)
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
Almost all developing and poor countries
Socio-Economic; Environment & Similar Plan (Medium-Term) Almost all.
Specialized Plans (CC; GG; GE) Many
Sector plans All
But the NSDS formulation and implementation remain extremely challenged The SD concept and its operationalization are still not quite
understood and implemented
Conventional development strategy is no longer compatible with emerging realities; inter-linkages (e.g. among energy, food and financial markets) must be given more attention
Perspectives and strategies for long term sustainability are compromised by short-term priorities and sidelined during crises. Short- or medium-term plans are preferred
Leadership changes & international agreements tend to redirect strategies or produce new ones (e.g. GG/GE; CC)
Challenges Implementation is hampered by lack of
ownership and support due to weaknesses in the formulation process, e.g.: Some were produced only for compliance or use of
available external funding Lacks participation.
Enabling or support mechanisms are generally not in place: Investment program; Budget support (not normally linked to budgeting); Legislative agenda, Research Agenda; M&E system, etc.
Challenges Coherence, integration and internal consistency remain
weak horizontally and vertically
The tendency to formulate strategies for each pillar/dimension remains strong
Regional, sub-regional, national & local strategies are disconnected & do not inform each other. Existing strategies have limited coordination and consistency
Appropriate/Working institutional mechanisms are generally not in place
A communication program for formulation and implementation is not given attention
An M&E system with appropriate indicators & assessment methodology is sometimes not in place
Points to Ponder 1. With all the challenges it faces, how
prepared is AsPac for the development and pursuit of SDGs?
2. Does AsPac have what it takes to develop and pursue SDGs?
3. What does AsPac need to respond to the SDG challenge?
GNH
Psychological Wellbeing • Life satisfaction • Positive
emotions •Negative
emotions •Spirituality
Health •Mental health •Self reported
health status •Healthy days •Disability
Time Use • Work • Sleep
Education • Literacy •Schooling •Knowledge
•Value Cultural Diversity and
Resilience •Speak native
Language •Cultural
Participation •Artistic Skills
•Driglam Namzha
Good Governance
•Govt performance
• Fundamental rights
•Services • Political
Participation
Community Vitality •Donations (time
& money) •Community
relationship • Family •Safety
Ecological Diversity and Resilience •Ecological Issues •Environmental
responsibility •Wildlife damage •Urbanization
issues
Living Standards •Assets •Housing •Household per
capita income
Gross National Happiness
Pillars: good governance sustainable socio-economic
development cultural preservation environmental conservation
Center for Bhutan Studies
One Index 33 indicators
China’s Circular Economy
Goal: Green consumption
and production Resource efficiency Less GHG Minimized waste
esa.un.org
China Agenda 21 Goals: national economic
development increased social productivity enhanced overall national
strength improved quality of life
Goal: Secure National SD Capability Commensurate with G20 Status Strategies Adaptation to Climate Change
and Response Mechanism Improve sustainability of
economic & industrial structure Promote social equity and
public health Enhance sustainability of ENR
Indicators: 77
Goal: A Global Green Leader Strategies Climate Change Response Reduce GHG; Energy
independence; Adapt to CC New Growth Engines Develop green technology; Green
the industry sector; Advance industrial structure; Establish foundation for GG
Quality of Life Green space & transportation;
Green revolution in life; Global model on GG
National SD Strategy
SD Strategies of Republic of Korea
Green Growth Strategy
Thailand Eradication of Poverty Ensuring competitiveness of economy Improving social development Ensuring good governance Ensuring clean and health environment\
Papua New Guinea Integral Human
Development Equality and
Participation National Sovereignty
and self reliance NR and the
environment
Vietnam
A viable and vibrant economy that significantly reduces poverty & inequality A social system that develops self-reliance Abundant, healthy and well-managed
archipelagic ecosystem Responsive, accountable and responsive
government
NSDS Goal Industrialized country by 2020 GG Goal Green growth and low carbon economy
mainstream of sustainable economic development and strengthen social economic development.
Philippine Agenda 21 National SD Goals
Responses to Questions 1. AsPac readiness to develop, adopt and pursue SDGs
varies widely among countries. Prepared countries are a minority
2. Only some AsPac countries have what it takes to develop and pursue SDGs Countries are very clear about their goals but have limited
capability to attain them
A few have defined and adapted SD to their aspirations and culture and contributed to the global body of knowledge
Many introduced innovations, shifted towards thematic (integrated) strategy formulation, and develop indicators and measurement systems
Responses to Questions 3. Following are proposed to be undertaken to help AsPac face
the SDG challenge: Carefully understand the NSDS formulation and
implementation situation, strengths and weaknesses Reformulate/Recalibrate/Fine-Tune NSDS taking into
account lessons from precedng bullet Harmonize goals and strategies Reform the institutional framework at the national level and
complement this with reforms in other levels.
Thank You.
Bhutan Legal Code of 1629
“if the Government cannot create happiness for its people, then there is no purpose for government to exist.”