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WAFOMO stands for a Water, Food and Mobility and ENBULE stands for Energy Business and Learning. The paper describes the conceptualisation and development of new facilities which support more sustainable water, food and mobility systems as well as facilities which support more sustainable energy, business and learning systems. The paper uses a case study area to show how WAFOMO and ENBULE facilities may work to support local sustainability. The Built Environment Sustainability Tool (BEST) is used to assess existing levels of sustainability within the case study area. The design and functionality of the WAFOMOs and ENBULE facilities are then described and located within the area. The area is then reassessed to ascertain the improvements in sustainability performance. The results of this exercise are then discussed and the proposed facilities critically reviewed. Finally, the paper distils recommendations for further research and conclusion.
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WAFOMO and ENBULEsFacilities for Improved Local SustainabilityJeremy Gibberd
Structure
• Sustainability and development
• African development lags
• Built environment capability for
sustainability: BEST
• Achieving rapid improvement in built
environment sustainability capability
• The concept of ENBULEs and
WAFOMOs
Mora et al 2013
The year of climate departure for world cities
World’s slum population expected
to be 889 million by 2020.
HABITAT)
Global Urban Observatory, UNHABITAT 2005
African development lagsSub-Saharan
Africa
Asia / Latin America /
developed countries
Living on less than $1.25 a day in 1990
Living on less than $1.25 a day in 2010
56%
48%
56%
30 -15%
Asia
Primary school completion (2010) 60% 90% Latin America
Ratio of employment to working age (2010) 50 - 63% 70% Asia
Access to internet (2010) 10 per 100 50 per 100
Latin America,
Asia
CO2 emissions between 1990 and 2010 Doubled Dropped Developed
countries
World Bank 2014, United Nations 2014
What is sustainability?
• the achievement of above 0.8 on the Human
Development Index (HDI)
and
• the achievement of an Ecological Footprint (EF) below
1.8 global hectares per person
World Wild Life Fund, 2006
Development of the SBAT
WWF 2006
Minimum criteria for sustainability
Built environment sustainability
capability
• Human Development Capability (HDC): Is a measure of the extent to which the built environment is configured for and includes the characteristics required to support the achievement of Human Development targets
• Ecological Footprint Capability (EFC): Is a measure of the extent to which the built environment is configured for and includes the characteristics required to support the achievement of Ecological Footprint targets.
• Built Environment Sustainability Capability (BESC): (EFC + HDC) / 2
Built Environment Sustainability
Capability measurement
Ecological
• Shelter
• Mobility
• Goods
• Services
• Waste
• Biocapacity
Human Development
• Health
• Knowledge
• Employment
Built Environment Sustainability Capability
Measurement: Elements of the BEST tool
Assessment criteria
‘Existing’ performance
‘Proposed’ performance
Options evaluation
Congruence and resilience
‘Existing’ and ‘Proposed’
sustainability performance and
difference
Applying the Built Environment Sustainability Tool to an informal settlement
West Atteridgeville, Pretoria
HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability
1. Sustainability in human populations has
been defined as the achievement of
above 0.8 on the Human Development
Index (HDI) and the achievement of an
Ecological Footprint (EF) below 1.8
global hectares per person.Applying the
HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability to the
Built Environment
HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability
1. Sustainability in human populations has
been defined as the achievement of
above 0.8 on the Human Development
Index (HDI) and the achievement of an
Ecological Footprint (EF) below 1.8
global hectares per person.Applying the
HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability to the
Built Environment
Existing settlement: HDI capability 1.10
EF capability 1.16
• Built
environment
has
very low
capability for
sustainability
Conventional sustainability
solutions
Climate Solutions 2: Low Carbon Reindustrialisation , Climate Risk 2009
Interventions to support increased
capability for sustainability
• Solar water heaters
• Building envelope upgrades
• Energy Business Learning (ENBULE)
Facility
• Water Food Mobility (WAFOMO) Facility
Solar water heaters
Capability improvement 0.16
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00Shelter
Mobility
Food
Goods
Services
Waste
Biocapacity
Health
Knowledge
Employment
Existing
Proposed
Building envelope upgrades
Capability improvement 0.26
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00Shelter
Mobility
Food
Goods
Services
Waste
Biocapacity
Health
Knowledge
Employment
Existing
Proposed
WAFOMO: Water, Food and
Mobility
• Community gardens / allotments
• Local fresh produce market
• Non-motorised transport
Built environment capability to support EF
targets:
• Locally available affordable low EF food
• Locally available affordable mobility
Built environment capability to support HD
targets:
• Locally available affordable healthy food
• Locally available affordable mobility
http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2014/07/07/D
R-Congos-tshukudu-the-allpurpose-transport-scooter/
http://susannemeyerfitzsimmons.com/local-food-relationships/
http://themicrofarm.com
Water Food Mobility Facility
Capability improvement 1.00
ENBULE: Energy, Business and
Learning
• Business and learning centre
• Renewable energy
• Access to ICT
Built environment capability to support EF
targets:
• Low EF energy
• Access to ICT (avoid req for travel)
Built environment capability to support HD
targets:
• Access to ongoing learning
• Access to self employment support
Energy Business Learning Facility
Capability improvement 1.12
ENBULE + WAFOMO
Capability improvement 3.11
Conclusions
• Current conventional sustainability solutions may not be most efficient and effective ways at rapidly improving capability for sustainability of an informal settlement
• The ENBULE and WAFOMO concepts offer potential to make substantial improvements in local sustainability capability in a highly effective and efficient way and may be a ‘ short cut’ to enabling rapid improvements and addressing ‘sustainable development lags’ within informal settlements.
• Solar water heaters
• Building envelope
upgrades
• WAFOMO
• ENBULE
• WAFOMO + ENBULE
combined
Further information:
www.sustainablebuiltenvironments.com