History of Transport

By

SATISH SAJJA

Introduction

• The history of transport evolved with the development of

human culture. Long distance walking tracks developed as trade

routes in ancient times. For most of human history the only

forms of transport apart from walking were using domesticated

animals or transport in small boats.

• Various modes of transport like Road transport, Maritime

Transport, Rail Transport, Air Transport, Space Flight were

developed subsequently as ages gone by.

Road Transportation

• The first earth tracks were created by humans carrying goods .

• Animals were domesticated and horses, oxen and donkeys were

used as an element for track creation.

• Later, the travois, a frame used to drag loads, was developed.

• Animal drawn Wheels were developed in 4th millennium B.C in

the Ancient east and spread to Europe and India, and then to

China in about 1200 B.C

• After the invention of wheel, the necessity of providing a hard

surface was came in to picture.

Cont..

• Romans are the first to develop the road networks for their

growth in wealth by transporting goods, military operations

and urbanization, Assyrian Empire constructed first road in

about 1900 B.C, hence Romans are considered to be pioneers

in road construction.

• Various Type of road Construction :

☺ Roman Roads – 1900 BC, Appian way 312 B.C-518Kms

☺ Tresaguet Construction – 1775 A.D (developed during

Napoleon regime in France).

☺ Metcalf Construction - 17th century

☺ Telford Constrution – 1803 A.D.

☺ Macadam Construction – 1827 A.D

Note : In India the excavations of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa

haverevealed the existence of roads in as early as 25 to 35 centuries B.C

Historical Time line of transport• Various types of vehicles are used for transportation through

roads from ancient times to modern era like, wheel barrow,

Bullock carts, bicycles, motorized two wheelers, Motorized four

wheelers, etc.,

Time line Invention

3500 B.C Fixed Wheels on Carts were invented.

3500 B.C River Boats are incented.

2000 B.C Horses are domesticated and used for Transportation.

181-234 Wheel barrow was invented

1620 First submarine

1662 Blaise Pascal invents First Public Bus

1783 First steam boat

1783 First hot air balloons

1769 First self-propelled road vehicle invented by Nicolas Joseph Cugnot

Cont..

Time line Invention

1790 Modern Bi-cycle invented.

1814 George Stephenson invents the first practical steam powered railroad locomotive

1862 Jean Lenoir makes a gasoline engine automobile

1867 First motorcycle invented

1871 First cable car was invented.

1885 Karl Benz builds the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal combustion engine

1903 The Wright Brothers invent and fly the first engined airplane

1908 Henry Ford improves the assembly line for automobile manufacturing

1908 Hydrofoil boats co-invented by Alexander Graham Bell & Casey Baldwin -boats that skimmed water

Cont…

Time line Invention

1926 First liquid propelled rocket launched

1940 Modern helicopters invented

1947 First supersonic jet flight

1956 Hovercraft invented

1964 Bullet train transportation invented

1969 First manned mission (Apollo) to the Moon

1970 First jumbo jet

1981 Space shuttle launched

1783 First Parachute.

Maritime Transport

• In the stone ages primitive boats developed to permit navigation

of rivers and for fishing in rivers and off the coast.

• With the development of civilization, bigger vessels were

developed both for trade and war.

• .In the Mediterranean,galleys were developed about 3000 BC.

Galleys were eventually rendered obsolete by ocean-

going sailing ships, such as the Arabic caravel in the 13th

century, the Chinese treasure ship in the early 15th century, and

the Mediterranean man-of-war in the late 15th century. In

the Industrial Revolution, the first steamboats and later diesel-

powered ships were developed.

• Eventuallysubmarines were developed mainly for military

purposes.

Cont…

• Meanwhile specialised craft were developed for river and canal

transport. Canals were developed in Mesopotamia 4000 BC.

The Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan and North India (from

2600 BC) had the first canal irrigation system in the world.

• The longest canal of ancient times was the Grand Canal of

China. It is 1,794 kilometers (1,115 mi) long and was built to

carry the Emperor Yang Guang between Beijing and Hangzhou.

• Canals were developed in the Middle

Ages in Europe in Venice and the Netherlands.

• In the Industrial Revolution, inland canals were built in History

of the British canal system England and later the United

States before the development of railways. Specialised craft

were also developed for fishing and later whaling.

Rail Transport

• The history of rail transportation dates back nearly 500 years, and

includes systems with man or horse power and rails of wood (or

occasionally stone).

• This was usually for moving coal from the mine down to a river,

from where it could continue by boat, with a flanged wheel

running on a rail.

• The use of cast iron plates as rails began in the 1760s, and was

followed by systems (plateways) where the flange was part of the

rail. However, with the introduction of rolled wrought iron rails,

these became obsolete.

Cont…

• Modern rail transport systems first appeared in England in the

1820s. These systems, which made use of the steam

locomotive, were the first practical form of mechanized land

transport, and they remained the primary form of mechanized

land transport for the next 100 years

Aviation

• Humanity's desire to fly likely dates to the first time man

observed birds, an observation illustrated in the legendary stories

of Daedalus and Icarus in Greek mythology, and

the Vimanas in Indian mythology.

• Much of the focus of early research was on imitating birds, but

through trial and error, balloons, airships, gliders and eventually

powered aircraft and other types of flying machines were

invented.

• Kites were the first form of man-made flying objects,[2] and early

records suggest that kites were around before 200 BC in China.

Cont…

• During the 17th and 18th century, when scientists began

analysing the Earth's atmosphere, gases such as hydrogen were

discovered which in turn led to the invention of hydrogen

balloons.

• Various theories in mechanics by physicists during the same

period of time—notably fluid dynamics and Newton's laws of

motion—led to the foundation of modern aerodynamics.

• The Wright brothers made the first sustained, controlled and

powered heavier-than-air flight on December 17, 1903, in their

revolutionary aircraft, the Wright Flyer.

Cont…

• World War II saw a drastic increase in the pace of aircraft

development and production. All countries involved in the war

stepped up development and production of aircraft and flight

based weapon delivery systems, such as the first long range

bomber.

• After the war ended, commercial aviation grew rapidly, using

mostly ex-military aircraft to transport people and cargo.

• The first commercial jet airliner to fly was the British De

Havilland Comet. This marked the beginning of the Jet Age, a

period of relatively cheap and fast international travel.

pictures• The Ariel, the first high-wheel Ordinary, is manufactured in Britian.

• This image shows an "Ordinary" bicycle in late 1800.

• First gas engine motor cylce.

Cont…

• Steam powered car in 1771

• Pilots pushing an early Spitfire Mark IXb, Biggin Hill, late 1942.

• McCall's first (top) and improved velocipede of 1869

• Wooden draisine (around 1820), the earliest two-wheeler.

Ordinary bicycle, Skoda Museum, Mlada Boleslav, Czech

Republic

Bicycle in Victorian Plymouth England, with a predecessor of the

Starley diamond-frame

Replica of First Motorcycle by Daimler

Ural650cc sidecar two-wheel drive

Motorbike "NSU SportMax" (1955) at the de:Deutsches Zweirad-

und NSU-Museum Neckarsulm/Germany,

A Chinese Sui Dynasty(581–618 AD) cart figurine pulled by a

bull.

An iron-tyred wooden-spoked cart wheel

A charrette, a wooden French cart

Carts from different Malay regions, exhibited at the Muzium

Negara.

Hand-propelled wheel cart, Indus Valley Civilization (3000–1500

BCE). Housed at theNational Museum, New Delhi.

Horse drawn railway coach, late 18th century

Parisian Omnibus, late nineteenth century

Retired GM bus

Old bus, serving Viveiro and Lugo in

Galicia, Spain

Cugnot's steam wagon, the second (1771)

version

Model-T Ford car parked outside GeelongLibrary at its launch in

Australia in 1915

1885-built Benz Patent Motorwagen, the first car to go

into production with an internal combustion engine

The second Marcus car of 1888 at the

Technical Museum in Vienna

A Stanley Steamer racecar in 1903. In 1906, a similar

Stanley Rocket set the world land speed record at

205.5km/h at Daytona Beach Road Course.

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