Transportation traffic eng.chapter 1

Doç.Dr.KHALED MARAR- CHAPTER I 1

CE 305 TRANSPORTATION-

TRAFFIC ENGINEERINGDoç. Dr. Khaled Marar

EUROPEN UNİVERSITY OF LEFKE2013


1-INTRODUCTION1.1.The Transportation System and Higway Engineering

Transportation System: The services provided for the movement of people and goods between different locations.

Transportation Engineering: The application of technological and scientific principles to the planing,functional design,operation and management of facilities for any subsystem of transportation in order to provide for the safe rapid,comfortable,economical and enviromentally compatible movement of people and goods.

Highway Engineering: Is a part of transportation engineering and applies the above principles for the planing,design and construction of highways.


1.2.Functions and objectives of Transportation

(a)Transportation makes goods and services available where and when they are needed.(b)Transportation makes effective use of natural resources.(c) Transportation expands trade.(d)Transportation is a requirement for the existence of large scale production and hence increases productivity and reduces cost of production.(e)Transportation provides mobility in our society for culturel,recreational and social purpose and promotes health and educational problems.(f)Transportation contributes to the nations ability to defend itself.(g)Transportation promotes social and political unity of a nation.


1.3 Transportation Subsystems

(a)Land Transportation(i)Highway(rural highways,urban roads,freeways)(ii)Rail(inter-city and urban railways,tramways,metro)

(b)Air Transportation(i)Domestic(airways) (ii)International(airways)(c) Water Transportation(i)Inland(lakes,rivers,canals) (ii)Coastal(waterways) (iii)Ocean(waterways)

(d)Continuous Flow(i)Pipelines(gas,oil,mining ore pipelines)(ii)Belts(iii)Cables


1.3.1 Functional Suitability

Highways provide high speeds,high degree of accessibility and route flexibility .They are suitable for passenger services and small shipments.

Railways and waterways are preferred to highways for transporting large quantities of bulk cargo over long distances.The initial construction costs of railways are higher than those for highways.Cost of passenger service is usually low but sometimes speed may be a problem.Rail transport in crowded cities has become a very popular mode of passenger transport.

Pipelines move large volumes with minumum handling.

Air transportation provides speed and comfort but high costs limit availability.It is suitable for passenger services and movement of high value goods.


1.3.2 Cost of Transportation Goods

Total transportation cost( goods of TL/ton-Km) of terminal costs and hauling cost.Terminal costs are those costs associated with the handling,loading and unloading of the goods while the hauling costs is the cost of carrying the goods.Haul cost is &Proportional to distance.

Fig.1.1 : Shows a graphical representation of the cost of goods transportation between higway,railway and waterway mode.When a cost comparison is to be made between these modes of goods transportation the terminal cost is smallest for highway and highest for waterways;while the hauling cost is low for waterways and highest for highways.


Fig.1.1 Graphical Representation of Cost of Goods Transportation


Example 1.1 Assume that the cost of goods transportation by different modes is given by the following formula:Highway y=3x+100Railway y=2x+400Waterway y=x+1250

Y=Total Transportation Cost(TL/ton-Km)X=Hauldistance(Km)(a)Draw a graph to show the cost relationship for all of these three

modes.(b)Compare the haul distances for all three modes.(c)Compare the haul distances for highway and waterway modes.

Answers:(b)Highway is economical up to 300 Km,railway between 300-850 Km and waterway above 850 Km.(c)Highway is economical up to 575 Km,waterway above 575 Km.


Graphic


