Effect of Varying the Welding Current

• Arc Blow Porosity or Ropey Bead

• Burn-Through• Metal Spillage On

Rounds Fusion Zone• Pear Shaped• Penetration too deep or

too shallow• Reinforcement

Overlapped• Reinforcement too high

or too low

LOW CORRECT HIGH

Effect of High Welding Voltage

• Arc Blow Porosity or Ropey Bead

• Undercutting• Penetration too deep

or too shallow • Reinforcement too

high or too low• Slag Sticking in

Deep Groove

LOW CORRECT

Effect of Low Welding Voltage

• Pear Shaped• Reinforcement Narrow

& Steep-Sided

• Reinforcement Overlapped

• Reinforcement Ropey

CORRECT HIGH

Effect of Varying the Welding Speed

• Low Speed

• Arc Blow Porosity or Ropey Bead

• Reinforcement Overlapped

• High Speed

• Reinforcement too high or too low

• Transverse Cracking in Multi-pass Weld

• Undercutting• Voids and Cracks

LOW CORRECT HIGH

Effect of Beveling

• Burn-Through• Reinforcement Narrow

& Steep-Sided

• Reinforcement too high or too low

Effect of Root Face Dimension

• Burn-Through

Effect of Plate Cleanliness on Finished Welds

• Porosity and Gas Pockets

• Rust Porosity

• Transverse Cracking in Multi-pass Weld

CROSS SECTION

TOP

CLEANED CONTAMINATED

Effect of Improper Fit-up in Welds Having Manual Weld

Backing

• Porosity and Gas Pockets

• Undercutting

CORRECT

INSUFFICIENT SPACING

Effect of Wire Position and Reinforcement Shape in Fillet

Welds • Porosity and Gas

Pockets• Transverse Cracking

in Multi-pass Weld• Undercutting• Voids and Cracks

CORRECT

CONCAVE REINFORCEMENT

IMPROPER WELD POSITION

Effect of Improper Fit-up in Double Welds

• Burn-Through• Porosity and Gas

Pockets

• Undercutting• Voids and Cracks

SQUARE GROOVE BUTT JOINT 3/8-in. Plate

900 DOUBLE- VEE GROOVE BUTT JOINT 5/8-in. Plate

CORRECT SPACING

EXCESSIVE SPACING

Effect of Improper Fit-up in Square Butt Weld

• Reinforcement too high or too low

Effect of Improper Fit-Up in Steel-Backed Welds

• Penetration too deep or too shallow

• Reinforcement too high or too low

• Undercutting

CORRECT SPACING

INSUFFICIENT SPACING

EXCESSIVE SPACING

GAP BETWEEN PLATES AND BACKING

Effect of Proper and Improper Depth of Granular Material

• Porosity and Gas Pockets

• Reinforcement Narrow & Steep-Sided

• Reinforcement Ropey CORRECT

SHALLOW

Effect of Welding Wire Offset in Circumferential

Seam Welding

• Metal Spillage On Rounds Fusion Zone

SMALL OFFSET MEDIUM OFFSET LARGE OFFSET