Effect of Varying the Welding Current
• Arc Blow Porosity or Ropey Bead
• Burn-Through• Metal Spillage On
Rounds Fusion Zone• Pear Shaped• Penetration too deep or
too shallow• Reinforcement
Overlapped• Reinforcement too high
or too low
LOW CORRECT HIGH
Effect of High Welding Voltage
• Arc Blow Porosity or Ropey Bead
• Undercutting• Penetration too deep
or too shallow • Reinforcement too
high or too low• Slag Sticking in
Deep Groove
LOW CORRECT
Effect of Low Welding Voltage
• Pear Shaped• Reinforcement Narrow
& Steep-Sided
• Reinforcement Overlapped
• Reinforcement Ropey
CORRECT HIGH
Effect of Varying the Welding Speed
• Low Speed
• Arc Blow Porosity or Ropey Bead
• Reinforcement Overlapped
• High Speed
• Reinforcement too high or too low
• Transverse Cracking in Multi-pass Weld
• Undercutting• Voids and Cracks
LOW CORRECT HIGH
Effect of Beveling
• Burn-Through• Reinforcement Narrow
& Steep-Sided
• Reinforcement too high or too low
Effect of Root Face Dimension
• Burn-Through
Effect of Plate Cleanliness on Finished Welds
• Porosity and Gas Pockets
• Rust Porosity
• Transverse Cracking in Multi-pass Weld
CROSS SECTION
TOP
CLEANED CONTAMINATED
Effect of Improper Fit-up in Welds Having Manual Weld
Backing
• Porosity and Gas Pockets
• Undercutting
CORRECT
INSUFFICIENT SPACING
Effect of Wire Position and Reinforcement Shape in Fillet
Welds • Porosity and Gas
Pockets• Transverse Cracking
in Multi-pass Weld• Undercutting• Voids and Cracks
CORRECT
CONCAVE REINFORCEMENT
IMPROPER WELD POSITION
Effect of Improper Fit-up in Double Welds
• Burn-Through• Porosity and Gas
Pockets
• Undercutting• Voids and Cracks
SQUARE GROOVE BUTT JOINT 3/8-in. Plate
900 DOUBLE- VEE GROOVE BUTT JOINT 5/8-in. Plate
CORRECT SPACING
EXCESSIVE SPACING
Effect of Improper Fit-up in Square Butt Weld
• Reinforcement too high or too low
Effect of Improper Fit-Up in Steel-Backed Welds
• Penetration too deep or too shallow
• Reinforcement too high or too low
• Undercutting
CORRECT SPACING
INSUFFICIENT SPACING
EXCESSIVE SPACING
GAP BETWEEN PLATES AND BACKING
Effect of Proper and Improper Depth of Granular Material
• Porosity and Gas Pockets
• Reinforcement Narrow & Steep-Sided
• Reinforcement Ropey CORRECT
SHALLOW
Effect of Welding Wire Offset in Circumferential
Seam Welding
• Metal Spillage On Rounds Fusion Zone
SMALL OFFSET MEDIUM OFFSET LARGE OFFSET
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