By Gagandeep Singh

Roll no. 12416

Research Designs and Standards Organization

(RDSO)(Research Directorate Electronics Lab)Industrial training PRESENTATION

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Introduction- About RDSO Research Designs and Standards

Organization (RDSO) was formed in 1957, under Ministry of Railways at Lucknow.

RDSO has a number of laboratories which are well equipped with research and testing facilities for development, testing and design evaluation of various railway related equipments and materials.

All the directorates of RDSO except Defence Research are located at Lucknow.

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FUNCTIONS Development of new and improved designs Development and adoption of new technologies

for use on Indian Railways Development of standards for materials and

products especially needed by Indian Railways Technical investigation, statutory clearance,

testing and provision of consulting services Inspection of critical and safety items for rolling

stock, locomotives, signals, Telecommunications equipment, and track

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Research Directorate

Electronics Lab Vacuum Brake Lab Brake Dynamometer Lab Fatigue Testing Lab Impact Lab B&S Lab

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Signaling in Indian Railways

Railway signaling is a system used to control railway traffic safely, essentially to prevent trains from colliding.

There are basically two purposes achieved by railway signaling:- To safety receive and dispatch trains at

a station. To control the movements of trains

from one station to another after ensuring that the track on which this train will move to reach the next station is free from movement of another train either in the same or opposite direction.

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Some Important terms in Railway Signaling

• To run the train system according to a timetable.• Trains may only run on each section of track at their

scheduled time.

Timetable operation

• One train is permitted in each block at a time.• Can be manually or automatic controlled.

Block signaling

• To determine whether a section of line is occupied is by use of a track circuit.

Train detection

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FIXED SIGNALSOn most railways, physical signals are erected at the line side to indicate to drivers whether the line ahead is occupied and to ensure that sufficient space exists between trains to allow them tostop. Mechanical signals

• The most common form of mechanical signal worldwide is the semaphore signal.

Color light signals• Displaying the same aspects by night as by day.• Require less maintenance than mechanical signals.

Route and speed signaling To inform a driver which route the train will take beyond each signal. To drive the train at the correct speed for the route to be taken.

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TECHNOLOGY MISSION ON RAILWAY SAFETY (TMRS)

A Technology Mission has been launched : To focus national attention and drive

modern technologies of monitoring, control, communications, design, electronics and materials for Railway Safety.

To encourage and initiate R & D activities pertinent to Indian Railways in academic institutions and laboratories and establish convergence and synergy among them.

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PROJECT UNDER TMRS SCHEME

Sensors for Detecting Hotboxes and Hot Wheels

Fog Vision Instrumentation Satellite Imaging for Rail

Navigation (SIMRAN) Track Side Bogie Monitoring

System

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TRANSDUCERS The non-electrical quantity is converted

in to an electrical signal by a device called Transducer.

Mainly electrical transducers classified in two categories.

1) ACTIVE TRANSDUCER 2) PASSIVE TRANSDUCER

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LVDT An LVDT (Linear Variable Differential

Transformer) is a transformer device which produces an electrical output proportional to the displacement of a free moving core.

The output voltage is null when the core is at the center. When it moves from the center, the differential voltage increases. The two secondary coils are connected in series and in opposite polarity, so that the output signal is the difference between these voltages.

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ACCELEROMETER An accelerometer is a device that

measures proper acceleration .  Accelerometers are used to detect and

monitor vibration in rotating machinery. Some accelerometers use the piezoelectric

effect - they contain microscopic crystal structures that get stressed by accelerative forces, which causes a voltage to be generated. Another way to do it is by sensing changes in capacitance.

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APPLICATION OF LVDT AND ACCELEROMETER IN RAILWAYS

Monitoring and control for track maintenance.

Optimize braking for passenger comfort. For vibration measurement on bogies and

train structure. For track gradient and slope

measurement Quality Control and Balancing Gearbox Monitoring

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OSCILLATION MONITORING SYSTEM OMS are used for measuring vertical and lateral

accelerations to assess the condition of track. This system is useful for monitoring of tracks and

monitoring of railway vehicles(railway coaches, wagons and locomotives)

The portable OMS2000 is a microprocessor-based system for track monitoring by measurement of the following parameters:

1. Speed 2. Vertical and lateral accelerations on loco/coach floor. 3. Sperling Ride Index.

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OSCILLATION MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGNThe system has the following subsystems:• Micro-controller based main unit• Transducer assembly cum power pack

unit• Detachable printer unit• Electronic rotary pulse

generator(tacho) unit• Corded event marker unit• External power supply cum battery

charger

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Wheel Impact Load Detector (WILD) When the wheel is perfectly round, it

applies a uniform load on the rail. When a wheel is having flat place/Out of

roundness/Defect in suspension system etc., or combination of any/all of these will give a huge impact load on the rail whenever the defect portion hits the rail.

Wheel Impact Load Detector is used to catch the defects in the early stage and thereby protecting Rail infrastructure, avoid derailment and accidents.

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Hot Wheel Detection System (HAHW)

Hot box occurs when inadequate wheel bearing lubrication or mechanical flaws cause an increase in temperature.

Bearing “burn-off” which can cause journal breakage resulting in derailment

Hot box hot wheel detector system detects Axle boxes running hot due to bearing failure and wheels having abnormally high temperatures due to brake-binding.

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Hot Wheel Detection System (HAHW)

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Hot Box Sensing Alarm to be raised if rise in box temperature

>25°C Main problem – need for fast sensing

Box dimension ~220mm Speed of train 200kmph Transit Time ~4ms (sensing in 1-2ms!)

Normal sensors (30-200°C) take 20 ms Pyrometer placed along the track with

wheel sensor. Proximity sensor is required for gating of

data.

Thank You…