Prospects and Challenges of Zero Head Water Turbine for Small Scale Electricity Generation in Bangladesh

Supervised By B . D . Rahmatullah

Part Time FacultyUniversity of Asia Pacific

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Submitted by

Name Registration No.Md. Athaur Rahman Khan 10208013Debasis Chowdhury 10208016Md. Shariar Islam 10208026Antara Chowdhury 10208036

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Overview

• Introduction• Renewable Energy• Hydropower• Small Hydro• Run of River• Rivers and Bangladesh• Project Design and Calculation• Additional Benefits of River Management

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Introduction

• In an energy-hungry world people is seeking for energy to meet up for the future crisis. But oil, gas, coal and other recourses will be finished within 40 years. So, renewable energy is the only solution in order to meet up the future crisis.

• Solar, wind, wave, tidal, fuel cell, geothermal etc. are the renewable energy sources. Among them Zero Head Water Turbine for Small Scale Electricity Generation is an new but efficient method.

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Renewable energy comes from replenished resources as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal. Renewable energy clean, environment friendly termed as ‘Clean ,Green & Sustainable Energy’.

Renewable Energy

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1. Solar Energy2. Hydropower3. Wind Power4. Biomass5. Bio-fuel6. Geothermal Energy

Types of Renewable Energy

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• Hydropower is generated using the mechanical energy of flowing water by forcing it through piping called a penstock, which then turns a generator in order to produce electricity.

• Hydropower is a renewable energy source based on the natural water cycle.

Hydropower

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Hydropower Technology

Figure: Hydropower Plant

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Large Hydropower – 100 MW and Above Medium Hydropower- 20 MW to 100 MW Small Hydropower- 1 MW to 20 MW Mini Hydropower- 100 kW to 1 MW Micro Hydropower- 5 kW to 100 kW Pico Hydropower- A few hundred watts up to 5

kW

Hydropower Classification by Size

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Small HydroCountry Small Hydropower

Definition (MW)Brazil ≤30Canada ≤50China ≤50European Union ≤20India ≤25Norway ≤10Sweden ≤1.5United States 5-100

Source: IPCC 2011 and IJHD 2010.

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Run of River Hydropower (ROR)

• In Run of River (ROR) Hydropower system electricity production is driven by the natural flow and elevation drop of a river.

• The mechanism of power generation is simple physics. The power comes from the potential energy of water driving a water turbine and generator. The energy extracted from the water depends on the volume and the velocity of River.

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Power from ROR

P = Power (watt)ρ = Water density (kg/m3) =(1000 kg/m3)Ck= Power coefficient =0.592 (theoretical maximum power available)A = Turbine area ( m2)V = Velocity of water (m/s)

𝑃=12 𝜌 𝐶𝑘 𝐴𝑉

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Power Vs Water Velocity

Figure: Graph showing the relationship between the speed of the river and the power available. The green line shows the power in the river. The red line shows

the power extracted by the turbine.

𝑃=12 𝜌 𝐶𝑘 𝐴𝑉

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Rivers and Bangladesh Bangladesh is a riverine country. 800 rivers including tributaries flow through the

country to cover a length around 24,140 km. Bangladesh is formed by the silt carried by the rivers. Cities and business centers are built on the banks rivers. River plays vital role in Bangladeshis Life.

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Present Scenario of RiversRiver Name Station Name Date Water Level

(ft.)Maximum

Velocity (m/s)

Gangas-Padma

Baruria Transit 19/07/2012 7.68 3.34

Gangas-Padma

Baruria Transit 02/08/2012 7.64 3.23

Gangas-Padma

Baruria Transit 27/09/2012 6.38 3.16

Brahmaputra-Jamuna

Bahadurabad Transit

10/01/2012 13.40 1.13

Brahmaputra-Jamuna

Bahadurabad Transit

24/01/2012 12.94 1.11

Teesta Dalia 18/06/2012 52.22 1.77

Source Bangladesh Water Development Board.

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Project Design (Components)

• Permanent Magnet Generator• Undershot Waterwheels Turbine• Turbine Shaft• Bearing Block• V Belt and Pulley• Floats

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Project Components

Figures:1. PMG2. Water Turbime3. Transmission Shaft4. Pulley5. Bearing Block

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5.4.

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Normal Water flow of River(Normal flow of Gangas-Padma=

3.13 m/s)

Rotate the Undershoot River Turbine

(Area covered by turbine=0.592 m2)

River Turbine rotates the Transmission Shaft.

Generator connected with Shaft by “V Belt” pulley.

Generates Power

Flow Diagram

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Power Calculation

22 inch

5 inch

Turbine Blade:

Area Covered by Turbine, A = (22×5) inch2

= (0.5588×0.127) m2 [ 1 inch = 0.0254 m] = 0.0710 m2

Power,

= ×1000×0.592×0.0710×3.133

= 644.15 W

ρ = 1000 kg/m3

Ck = 0.592 (theoretical maximum power available)V= 3.13 m/s

𝑃=12 𝜌 𝐶𝑘 𝐴𝑉

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Additional Benefits of River Management

Agriculture Fisheries Environment Tourism Place Water Ways Forestation

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Thank You