PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATOR BY USING TiO2 NANO LUBRICANT3ppt

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF HOUSEHOLD REFRIGERATOR BY USING

TiO2NANO LUBRICANT

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Project Guide, SAJU HANEEF ASST. PROFESSOR DEPT. OF ME

Presented by, ABIN JOY BABU GEORGE ABRAHAM NIYAS P.P


CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Fabrication of experimental test rig. Mixing of nano particle Experimental procedure Result and discussion comparison Conclusion Scope for future work References


INTRODUCTION Refrigeration is the process of removal of heat from a body at

high temperature to low temperature with the help of a machine called refrigerator

The heat transfer capacity of normal lubricant is not so good and cause increased power consumption.

To overcome these limitation nano particles are used with the normal lubricants.

The presence of nano particle helps reduce the friction coefficient of the lubricants.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

1.R. Saidur , S.N. Kazi (2011) A review on the performance of nanoparticles suspended with refrigerants and lubricating oils in refrigeration system• Thermal-physical properties of nanoparticles suspended in refrigerant and

lubricating oil of refrigerating system were reviewed.• The result indicates that the refrigerant HFC134a and mineral oil with TiO2

nano particle works normally and safely in the refrigerator with better performance

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2. V.K, Sreejith K(2013)Performance Evaluation of Household Refrigerator using CuO Nanoparticle Lubricant Mixture and various Compressor Oils with Different Condenser Modes

• CuO nanoparticle-lubricant mixture and different types of compressor

oil having both air-cooled and water-cooled condenser.

• Result shows that about 200 litres of hot water at a temperature of

about 58ºC over a day can be generated.

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3. Vaishali P. Mohod (2015) A Review on Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Nanoparticles Suspended With Refrigerants/Lubricating Oils in Refrigeration Systems• Performance of various systems using nanorefrigerant or

nanolubricant has been reviewed.• It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient enhances and there

is considerable saving in power consumption

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OBJECTIVES• To fabricate R134a refrigerator test rig using 160L capacity, single

door refrigerator.• To conduct refrigerator performance test by using PAG & sunizo 3GS

compressor oil and R134a refrigerant.• To study the effect of TiO2 nano particle on the refrigerator

performance by using with PAG & sunizo 3GS compressor oil.

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FABRICATION OF TEST RIG

Apparatus required• Domestic refrigerator• Pressure gauges• Thermocouple• Temperature indicator• Energy meter• Copper pipes• Flaring nut


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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP


Refrigeration test rig


FABRICATION OF TEST RIG CONT..Procedure

Installation of pressure gaugesPressure gauges at

1. Low pressure side2. High pressure side

A hole is drilled on the pipes at these points and one end of copper pipes are welded there.

The pressure gauge are fitted to the other end of copper pipe by flaring.


Installation of pressure gauge


FABRICATION OF TEST RIG CONT..Installation of thermocouple Thermocouple at point between

1. Evaporator and compressor2. Compressor and condenser3. Condenser and expansion device4. Expansion device and evaporator5. Water tray in freezer

Thermocouple is couple is fixed on these position by welding The other end of the thermocouple is connected to a temperature

indicator


FABRICATION OF TEST RIG CONT..Installation of energy meter It is used to measure the power consumption by the compressor. Energy meter is connected in parallel to the compressor power supply.

Installation of water tray An aluminium water tray of 5 ltr is kept inside the freezer (close to

evaporator as possible)


FABRICATION OF TEST RIG CONT..Provision For Oil Drainage In order to overcome the difficulty faced in an normal oil changing

procedure for a domestic refrigerator hermetic compressor we provide a hole and cap mechanism.

The lubricating oil resides at the bottom of the chamber of compressor.

A hole is drilled at the bottom of the chamber. Then a pipe with internal thread is welded to the hole sealing around the perimeter.

The male part consist of a metallic plug with external thread and a sealing of silicone rubber ring at the end

The plug can be opened for oil draining process.


Schematic of a hermetic sealed compressor

The oil lies around the bottom of the compressor chamber


Provision for drainage of oil.


LEAK TEST – REFRIGERATION TEST RIG

Procedure:-• An air compressor is connected to the charging line and air is pumped

at around a considerable pressure.• Both the pressure gauge show the same pressure. Then the pressure

gauge is observed for about 3Hrs.• If the pressure holds after 3Hrs the system is proven leak proof.


Leak test


CHARGING OF LUBRICANT OIL AND REFIGERANTCharging of lubricant oil:-• The oil to be charged is measured and taken in beaker• A suction pump connected to the charging line and turned on which

creates a vacuum inside the chamber. Then a pipe is connected to the charging line. And the other end is dipped in to the oil.

• The suction caused by the vacuum inside the compressor sucks the oil into the compressor.

Charging of R134:-• A vacuum is created inside the compressor by removing all the air inside

it by using a suction pump.• So a negative pressure is formed inside the system.• The suction pump is replaced by R134 gas container. Which in turn fills

the R134 into the system.


Suction of air from the system Charging of R134


MIXING OF NANO PARTICLE It is important to obtain homogenous mixture of TiO2 nano

particle and lubricant. An agitator is used to obtain a uniform mixture of 0.05 weight

percentage of of TiO2 Nano particle in compressor oil. The weighing of TiO2 is done and added to the oil. Then mixing

is done.


Mixing procedureMixing is done in 2 stages.1. Ultrasonic bath

The mixture is kept in the bath for 40 minutes


2.Magnetic stirrer

The mixture is kept in the stirrer for 2hrs for getting uniform mixture.


EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE• Switch on the main power supply• Initial water (load) temp is noted.• The load is placed in the evaporator• Suction pressure and discharge pressure are noted• When temp of load reaches 100C, corresponding

thermocouple readings are noted using temp indicator.• Time for 10 pulse of energy meter are noted at regular

interval of time• Above steps are repeated for different compressor oils.• The following equation where used to obtain the result.


• Theoretical COP is calculated using the equation,

COPth=

Ph diagram of vapour compression cycle Where,

h1– enthalpy of refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor h2–enthalpy of refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor h4–enthalpy of refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator


• Actual C.O.P can be calculated using relation,

COPact = • Cooling load = mCpDT Where m= mass of load in kg

Cp = Specific heat at constant pressure kJ/kgK DT= Change in temperature in K

• Input power(kJ) = * *3600 x T

Where x = 10 pulses t = time for 10 pulse of energy meter in

seconds Ne = Energy meter constant = 3200 imp/kWh

T = Total time of running = 1 Hr


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSExp. No 1: Refrigerator working with PAG compressor oil


OBSERVATIONS 1 Load(Water) 5 liters

2 Initial temperature 30oC

3 Final temperature 10 oC

4 Suction Pressure 2 bar

5 Discharge Pressure 16 bar

6 Condenser inlet temp 72 oC

7 Condenser outlet temp 52 oC

8 Evaporator inlet temp 6 oC

9 Evaporator outlet temp 24 oC

10 Time for 10 pulse of energy meter 49.65 sec

11 Input power 815.75 kJ

12 Theoretical COP 1.78

13 Actual COP 0.514


Exp. No 2:Refrigerator working with SUNISO 3GS compressor oil


OBSERVATIONS1 Load(Water) 5 liters









10 Time for 10 pulse of energy meter 60 sec

11 Input power 675 kJ


13 Actual COP 0.622


Exp. No 3:Refrigerator working with SUNISO 3GS+TiO2 Nanoparticle (Nano lubricant mixture) compressor oil


OBSERVATIONS1 Load(Water) 5 liters









10 Time for 10 pulse of energy meter 66.94sec

11 Input power 648.83 kJ


13 Actual COP 0.694


PAG oil SUNIZO 3GS Oil SUNIZO 3GS Oil + TiO2 Nanoparticles0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1.78

2.825

3.3

COP thCOPth

COMPARISON CHART


PAG Oil SUNIZO 3GS Oil SUNIZO 3GS Oil + TiO2 Nano particle0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.514

0.622

0.694

COPactCOPact


• By using pure SUNISO 3GS oil, the actual COP increases by 21%

and for nanolubricant there is 35% increase in COP.

• During the operation a part of the nano lubricant is also carried along

with the refrigerant

• This will increase the surface to volume ratio.

• Due to increase in surface area, the heat transfer coefficient of the

refrigerant increases.

• This will causes considerable increase in COP of the system


PAG Oil SUNIZO 3GS Oil SUNIZO 3GS + TiO2 Nanoparticles

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Power consumption (kWh)Power consumption (kWh)


• The power consumption of compressor is reduced by 25.83% in nano

lubricant

• The presence of nanolubricants reduces the friction inside the

compressor and thereby reduces the power consumption


1) PAG Oil COPth = 1.78

COPact = 0.514 Input power =815.75 kJ

2) SUNISO 3 GS Oil COPth = 2.825

COPact = 0.622 Input power = 675 kJ % increase in actual COP with PAG oil = 21.01% % reduction in input power with PAG oil =17.25%

3) SUNISO 3GS + TiO2 Nanoparticles COPth = 3.3

COPact = 0.694 Input power = 648.83 kJ % increase in actual COP with PAG oil = 35.02% % reduction in input power with PAG oil =25.83%

SUMMARY OF RESULTS


• The R134a refrigerant and mineral oil mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles worked normally and safely in the refrigerator.

• The effect of nano-lubricant increases the heat transfer rate by increasing the surface area.

• The power consumption of the compressor can be reduced by using

nano lubricant

• From the study we can conclude that the already existing system can be replaced with nanolubricant without compromising the performance.

CONCLUSION


• Use of nanopaticles like Al2O3, CuO, Carbon nanotube etc may

increase the performance

• Study of nanoparticle with different grade and size can be conducted.

• Experiment with different condenser modes can be performed.

• The effect of different concentration of nanopatricles can be studied.

• Experiment with different combination of refrigerants and

nanoparticles can be conducted.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK


REFERANCES• . Bi S., Shi L. and Zhang L., 2008. Application of nanoparticles

in domestic refrigerators. Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.1834-1843.

• Shengshan Bi, Kai Guo, Zhigang Liu, Jiangtao Wu. Performance of a domestic refrigerator using TiO2- R600a nano-refrigerant as working fluid. Energy Conversion and Management 52 (2011) : 733–737


• Saidur, R, A Review on the performance of nano-particles suspended with refrigerants and lubricating oils in refrigeration system, Int J of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, 2011, 310-323.

• D. Sendil Kumar, Dr. R. Elansezhian .,( Sep.-Oct. 2012) Experimental Study on Al2O3-R134a Nano Refrigerant in Refrigeration System, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 2, Issue. 5, pp-3927- 3929


THANK YOU!!!

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