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7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
1/147
)26(
1389
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" - )6 2(" 2849
24/4/88 .
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.
. .
.9.
.
. .
. . .TiO2XRF
.13/625/5XRF 5/8 .
.TiO2 40%.
.37400.
.87/2452/176/2 . 04/3-+140TiO2
49/516/8TiO2-210149..41/24
78/735/9.25/47
DX7 .
.43/5486/479/7.6/37%
.
2542/735/9TiO24/1
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)7/1(40.777/7TiO25
5/2.94.88/677/7
().70
)(2652/48/7
.d80110.42%
.
)42%( )38%TiO26/5) .2TiO2
(4010945)7/1
.)24(TiO2
.
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:21-122-1
31-2-142-2-163-2-174-2-195-2-1106-2-1
12 3-1121-3-1132-3-1143-3-1154-3-1155-2-1166-3-1
4-1 18181-4-1182-4-1183-4-1
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:201-2202-2222-2224-2
231-4-2232-4-2273-4-2284-4-2315-4-2326-4-2327-4-2
335-237 6-2
381-6-2402-6-2
507-255 8-2559-2
:601-3602-3
611-2-3612-2-3613-2-3
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634-3-2XRF63XRD3-3654-3675-3
671-5-3732-5-3
786-3781-6-3792-6-3
807-3838-3
:871-487 2-4
:911-5)MET(942-596 3-5
961-3-51022-3-5
:
1061-61072-61083-6
1081-3-6
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1082-3-61133-3-6
1154-61151-4-61152-4-61173-4-6
:1191-7119 2-7
1191-2-7ECCI1222-2-7TREP1223-2-71244-2-7
1273-71271-3-71292-3-7
1304-7:
1321-81322-81353-8
137
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1-1 .
.2-1
)Al(OH)3()()-AlO(OH)()-AlO(OH ) ( Les Baux.
))Berthier1821 .))Karst
. .
. . .
. .
.
. 1-1 .
).1-1(
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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1-1 .
Fe2O3 : Al2O3Fe2O3Al2O3SiO2
0.6716.324.546,2Laterite
0.193.116.373.3Granite
0.7319.726.939.2Laterite
0.225.324.456.5Clay
1.1528.324.623.7Laterite
1.0914.913.747.9Basalt
12.267.05.53.0Laterite
14.19.40.738.8Serpentinite
. .
. .
1-2-1
. Bayerite, TucaniteNordstrandite
. .
.
..2-1
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2-1Diaspur
AlOOH
Boehmite
AlOOH
Gibbsite
Al(OH)2Chemical formula
858565.4Al2O3%
151534.6H2O%
OrthorobicOrthorombicMonoclinicCrystal system
6.5-73.5-52.3-3.5Hardness (Mohs)
3.3-3.53.01-3.062.3-2.4Density, g/cm3
.
. .
).1-1(
.
.7/34/23/1 .2-2-1
.
.
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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.1-1
..20
.
..
. ..
. .
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.
.
3-2-1
. .
.
..-1-2-3
.
. .
:--
)(--
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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--pH-
.
.
.))Cape York
4 . 3-1
.
4-2-1 . .
..
. . ..
.4-1.
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3-1 )(LOITiO2Fe2O3 TotSiO2Al2O3
3.4
30.2
0.5
2.0
3.0
1.9
56.5
5.3
21.1
59.8
Arkansas
Nephelone syenite
Bauxite
1.8
26.6
0.3
2.2
0.5
9.2
91.1
9.6
5.2
50.0
Australia
Kaolinitic sandstone
Bauxite
15.0
27.1
1.3
27.2
1.5
1.1
0.4
1.8
14.5
17.5
5.3
9.6
30.4
3.0
53.1
5.5
37.9
51.3
20.9
55.1
Brezil
Kaolinitic clay
Bauxite
Phonolite
Bauxite
7.5
25.6
1.0
2.2
4.7
9.8
61.0
1.4
18.2
60.2
Ghana
Shale
Bauxite
0.4
32.0
0.7
1.6
9.5
3.6
51.3
2.7
12.4
60.2
Guinea
Diabase
Bauxite
0.4
27.6
-
28.1
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.7
6.4
11.6
11.2
1.1
49.1
3.1
52.0
9.8
18.9
56.4
17.3
59.0
Guyane
Epidotite
Bauxite
Dolerite
Bauxite
2.2
25.4
1.7
8.9
14.9
7.1
47.4
1.7
16.8
56.4
India
Basalt
Bauxite
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..4-1
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5-2-185. .
. .
.5-1)(5-1
Abresive(calcinied)
Refractory(calcinied)
ChemicalcementMetalIndustry
)()()()()( 80-88>84.5>5545-5550-55Al2O3
4-8
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. . . .7-1
200719506-1
1950 2,570,000 46,100 8,180,000 1979 14,000,000 15,000 85,500,000
1951 2,880,000 91,400 10,900,000 1980 14,500,000 21,000 89,200,000
1952 3,550,000 42,000 12,800,000 1981 13,100,000 20,000 85,300,000
1953 4,390,000 28,400 13,800,000 1982 10,300,000 49,000 79,300,0001954 5,170,000 16,400 16,200,000 1983 7,800,000 74,000 78,700,000
1955 5,070,000 14,300 17,800,000 1984 9,700,000 82,000 87,200,000
1956 5,910,000 15,200 18,800,000 1985 7,500,000 56,000 84,200,000
1957 7,280,000 62,000 20,500,000 1986 6,800,000 69,000 88,200,000
1958 8,070,000 12,100 21,400,000 1987 9,500,000 201,000 91,600,000
1959 8,390,000 17,700 23,100,000 1988 10,300,000 63,000 97,400,000
1960 9,000,000 29,800 27,600,000 1989 11,400,000 44,000 103,000,000
1961 9,420,000 153,000 29,400,000 1990 12,700,000 53,000 113,000,000
1962 10,900,000 263,000 31,100,000 1991 12,200,000 66,000 111,000,000
1963 9,590,000 206,000 30,700,000 1992 11,300,000 63,000 105,000,000
1964 10,700,000 283,000 33,400,000 1993 11,800,000 90,000 110,000,000
1965 11,800,000 149,000 37,400,000 1994 11,000,000 129,000 106,000,000
1966 12,100,000 63,000 40,700,000 1995 10,600,000 108,000 112,000,000
1967 12,500,000 2,200 44,600,000 1996 10,600,000 132,000 117,000,000
1968 12,200,000 7,440 46,000,000 1997 11,100,000 85,000 122,000,000
1969 13,300,000 5,360 51,800,000 1998 11,400,000 99,000 123,000,000
1970 14,100,000 3,330 57,800,000 1999 10,200,000 149,000 129,000,000
1971 14,200,000 34,500 62,100,000 2000 8,860,000 142,000 136,000,000
1972 13,100,000 29,500 64,900,000 2001 8,540,000 81,000 137,000,000
1973 13,900,000 12,200 70,400,000 2002 7,580,000 42,000 144,000,000
1974 15,500,000 16,000 79,600,000 2003 8,700,000 77,000 153,000,000
1975 12,100,000 20,000 74,800,000 2004 10,300,000 63,000 164,000,000
1976 13,100,000 15,000 77,400,000 2005 12,600,000 52,000 179,000,000
1977 13,200,000 26,000 81,900,000 2006 12,400,000 33,000 190,000,000
1978 14,100,000 13,000 81,000,000 2007 10,600,000 23,000 202,000,000
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7-1)tonne(x1000
2007 2008
Guinea 18,000 18,000 7,400,000 8,600,000
Australia 62,400 63,000 5,800,000 7,900,000
Vietnam 30 30 2,100,000 5,400,000
Jamaica 14,600 15,000 2,000,000 2,500,000
Brazil 24,800 25,000 1,900,000 2,500,000
Guyana 1,600 1,600 700,000 900,000
India 19,200 20,000 770,000 1,400,000
China 30,000 32,000 700,000 2,300,000
Greece 2,220 2,200 600,000 650,000Suriname 4,900 4,500 580,000 600,000
Kazakhstan 4,800 4,800 360,000 450,000
Venezuela 5,900 5,900 320,000 350,000
Russia 6,400 6,400 200,000 250,000
United States NA NA 20,000 40,000
Other countries 7,150 6,800 3,200,000 3,800,000
World total (rounded) 202,000 205,000 27,000,000 38,000,000
. 3-1 .
. ..
1-3-1 50%
)(Al2Si2O5(OH)4 .
. 24%22% . 50% 60%
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.6%%4 .
.30% 8-1.
.8-1
.
.25/1 6/2
2-3-1.
.-1-2 ( ).
.-3 .
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.
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..
. .
...
() 1.) 50 .
. .
.) .
) .
.) .
.
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.
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.. .
. 4-3-1
.
. - .
5-3-1.50
.
.
. .
. .
600550 .Al2Si2O7
-OH900.2 Al2Si2O5(OH)42 Al2Si2O7+ 4 H2O
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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1050 (Si3Al4O12).
3 Si3Al4O122 Si2Al6O13+ 5 SiO2
.C
o= (360*Al2O3*(Fe2O3+CaO+MgO+So3+K2O+Na2O))/0.228
Co= (390+Al2O3+3Fe2O3-0.5SiO2
:--.-
6-3-1
9-1. .9-1
)(3700450
5500720 450
70 10-1)1384(
.
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10-119931994199519961997
8830000877000094800009180000941000024606322530277258588122814382359676
117415113234431269468130000015000005444000600000570000550000
15600241001330023402322720919378887752897360852457898347
80000085000090000950000254413227650265591364506
.
4-1.
. :
1-4-1
. .
. ).11-1(
2-4-1
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.
).(3-4-1
. .
. . .)11-1(
11-1
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1-2
. .
.
2-2
))1972. . )1370(
.
.))1376-
.))1381-
.))1382-
.
))1382- .
.
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))1383- .
))1383- .
Al2O3/SiO2))1384- .)(
)2007(- .
. .))2005-
3 5 .
.
))1387- -
.
. .
.
- )1388(
.
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.
. -02/21 .-24/-1
)(
3-2
30462046.)1-2(35362736
. .
.
.
4-2 )1355(
)2-2(.)3-2(
.
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1-4-2.
.)(30660 .
. .
.2-4-21-2-4-2
.
. .
.2-2-4-2
..
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1-2 . 250000/1
.
46 20 46 30
36 27
36 35
0 5 km
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.)(2-2
3-2-4-2
. .
.
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.250000/1.3-2 .
4-2-4-2 ..
. .
.
46 15
5 km
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5-2-4-2 .
. ..
.3-4-2
. .
.
.1-3-4-2
.
. .
.
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. .
)(2-3-4-2
. ) (
. . .
.
.)( .
).1-2(
.4-4-21-4-4-2
)( ) (
.
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. .
.
)( .
.
).2-2(
.
. ).(
.)()(
. .
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-1-2AgeFossil
Late Permian (Julfian)
Baisalina cf. pulchra, Pachyphloia sp., Protonodosaria
praecursor, Stipulina sp., Frondina permica,
Hemigordius cf. brunni, Pachyphloia iranica Bozorgnia,
Paraglobivalvulina mira, Paleofusulina sp.,
Pseudovermiporella sp.
Late Permian (Early Djulfian)
Stipulina sp., Frondina permica Ichtyolaria primitive,
Pachyphloia iranica, paraglobivalvulina mira, Basalina
sp., Tubritina sp., Conodofusiella sp., Pachyphloia sp.,
Langella sp., Permocalculus sp., Pseudovermiporella sp.
Late Permian (Early Julfian
Paraglobivalvulina mira, Stipulina sp., Hemigordius sp.,
Geintizina iranica Bozorgnia, Aghathammina Pusilla,
Pseudovermiporella sp., Mizzia sp.
Early Djulfian
Neoendothyra cf. Recheli, Codonofusiella sp., Nankinella
sp., Hemigordius sp., Neoendothyra sp., Permocalculus
sp.
Late Permian (Murghabian)
Climacammina sp., Langella sp., Hemigordius sp.,
Monogenerina sp., Baisalina sp., Ostracods
Pseudovermiporella sp. & Bryozoa.
Late Permian (Murghabian)
Tuberitina sp., Langella sp., Pachyphloia cukuroyi,
Globivalvulina sp., Geinitzina sp., Bryozoa and Algal
fragmenta.
Late Permian (Murghabian)
Pavhyphloia cukurkoyi, Langella sp., Ostracods,
Tuberitina sp., Microgastropods, Permocalculus sp.,
Bryozoa.
Late Murghabian
Neoschwagerina sp., Globivalvulina sp., Climacammina
sp., Geinitzina sp., Tuberitina sp., Conodofusiella sp.,
Neoendothyra Reicheli.
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.2-2AgeFossil
Early Traiassic (Scythian)
- Spirobis sp., Microgastropods, Bivalve with Shell
- Fragmets, Microgastropods with worm tube
- Abundant Microgastropods, Ostracods with whorm
tube
- Abundant Microgastropods. Bivalve and shell
fragments
))Transitional .
5-4-2.
.
. .
.
..
. . 200
60 .
""
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. . .
6-4-2.
.
..
..
.45
. 7-4-2
. ( (
).3-2(.
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.3-2AgeFossil
Early Miocene (Burdigalian)
Neoalveolina melo Curdica, Dentritina Rangi,
Miogypsina cf., irregularis, Amphistegina sp.,
meandroposina iranica, Astrigerina sp., Echinoid spine,
Coral, Bryzoa with Algal fragments.
5-2
.
18 . .
.
.
..
.
..
. ( ...)
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.
. :
.: .
: . .
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:
.:
.
).5-24-2(
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4-2 ...
. .
)(
.)( .
)(
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))))5-2 .4-2
.
.
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. .
.
. 6-2
.
).1370(4010 .
..
. . 1
. ..
.
.
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1-6-2 . )1370( .
..94150
1. .
. . . .
.
( 6-2(.
25 .
..
.(
.)1 .
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)).6-2 ) .)
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2-6-2
. . .
.
. .
).7-2(126)1370(
.45 .
.
.
. .
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).7-2 .)
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7-2 (
.)1370SiO2 30 55
Al2O3.2816. 30.4932 . Fe2O3
5/0 . .8
4520 .. .1
.5/21TiO2 3 .
4.8 . )1370(.
XRF
..-.1-.-.-.-.-
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) (. .
.
. .
.
10.3319.
. 8-2.(( .
( 9-2.(
.
. 50 .100
(15 8 ( .9
.)10-2(920).1-2(GPS
.)10-2(
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1-2
123236532936
052346472246
).8-2 PPL2.5X()2.5XPPL XPL5X
.PPL)
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).)9-2 ((5X).2.5X
). .(XPL(5X.
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).)10-2.).
BK18 BK19BK20
BK 55 BK 56 BK 57
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8-2 XRF
.XRD )1370(
.
.
.
.)2-2( .
. ..
.
.
9-2
. ))1384. .
.
.
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(*XRF2-2 .)
2 1 21 *2 *1 28.8327.2753.8742.3944.74SiO2
31.1029.5332.3839.7038.83Al2O3
21.8022.810.160.600.20Fe2O3
4.103.925.257.725.63TiO2
0.630.920.110.300.8CaO0.931.07
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1-2. .
100 ..12
) 11-2( .N92W, 29NE.3126
3011-2 .
150
450).12-2(
12-2
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).13-2(
.)(
13-2 . .PPL, 10X
XRD .
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1-3 100
. .
:
.
XRFXRD
( ) )(
:
2-3
.
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100 .
. 2
:2 .
..
2100 3075
.XRFXRD
1-2-3 5
. 1-3.
2-2-3 1
. 2-3 .3-2-3
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8
8 .3-3.
)(1-3
)(2-3
D80=39000
D80=14000
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)(3-3
4-2-3 .
.4-3
XRFXRD3-3
.
. .
100. XRD
.XRF2-3XRD1-3.
D80=1800
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4-3
XRD1-3XRD Analysis
Compound Name quantity(%)
Diaspore 30
Pyrophyllite 26.2
Pyrophyllite-2 ITM RG 17.2
Pyrophyllite 16.2
Rutile, syn 5.6
Ilmenite 3.1Anatase, syn 1.7
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)(1-2XRFXRF Analysischemical compound (%)
SiO2 53.87
Al2O3 32.38
Fe2O3 0.16
TiO2 5.25
CaO 0.11
MgO
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1000 2000 . .45
TiO25-3
5-31-5-3
.
. 5 80
20 50 .
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. . 8-10
. .
Fe2O36-350+_30- ) -)300+590
. .
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70+_50- -)210+300 (
).7-3( . 15 20
. 5 .
.70
-210+3007-3
)-)150+210-70_+100
( 8-3.( 5 7
.
.2015
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-150+2108-3150+_100- ) -)100+150
.
. 10
.)9-3(20-25
-100+1509-3
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200+_
150- ) -)75+100 6-8 ) 10-3(.
20-25
30-35 .
-75+10010-3
270+_200- ) -)53+75
30 . 35-40
.)11-3(
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-53+7511-3
325+_270- ) -)44+53
. 30-35 30
.)12-3(
-44+5312-3
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400+_235- ) -)37
. 40 .
.)13-3(35:
-1 .
-2
.-3
.
-3713-3
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2-5-3 .
.
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) ( . 8-10 5 100
. 50 .
. 30 .
.
.30+_18- ) -)590+1000
.
( ( 5 .)14-3(
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-590+100014-3
70+_50- -)210+300 (
5 . 15
.)15-3(
-210+30015-3
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) -)100+150-100_+150
10 . 20-25)16-3( .
-100+15016-3200+_150- ) -)75+100
20-25 ).17-3(30
-75+10017-3
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270+
_
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.)21-3(
-3721-3
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250
500
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. 3-3 3-3
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)3cm(175190 172190170190 172.3190
)3cm
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)3cm
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.4-3.
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)gr(259.8293.1)3cm(92108
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7-3 .
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:1800=F80)(
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.379840
P80=114
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23
-3
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37
37 d80 37 .
d80 -
.
1024-3
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1-4 .
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. 04/3kg/lit . 1-4 . 2-4 -
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TiO2 . 1-4 2-4 .
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.
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2-4
1-4 ))gr/cm3(%)
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1-5 ..
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. .
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. )HEMF
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. .
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1-5 .
))1976 ,Iannicell2-5
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))2007,Wills1-5)()( 16-1018-1419-1215-11
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) ()Ravishankar ).
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MET))F/SF))MS3-5)Ravishankar(
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.
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. 5-56-5 2-5 .
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5-5
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4/12-5
. )coefficient of separation(
.
. .
.03/0 21
98 100 . 25 .
.
.6-54-58-57-5
feed con middling tailingsweight 230 190 - 40
weight percent 100 82.61 - 17.39
TiO2grade % 8.33 8.02 - 8.94
TiO2 content 19.16 15.24 - 3.58
percent of TiO2 content 100.00 79.53 - 18.66
C.S 0.03
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7-5901003-5
90 feed Conc. middling tailings
Weight(gr) 90.1 30.8 47 12.3weight percent 100 34.18 52.16 13.65
Grade(%) 9.35 7.78 9 11.45
TiO2 content(gr) 8.42 2.40 4.23 1.41
percent of TiO2 content 100.00 28.44 50.21 16.72
C.S 0.06
801004-580 feed con middling talings
Weight(gr) 97.8 33.2 41.8 22.8
weight percent 100 33.95 42.74 23.31
Grade(%) 9.35 7.66 9.14 11.03
TiO2 content(gr) 9.14 2.54 3.82 2.51
percent of TiO2 content 100.00 27.81 41.78 27.50
C.S 0.06
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)(8-5801006-5
Cleaner 80 feed con middling tailings
Weight(gr) 112 29 37 46
weight percent 99.47 25.75 32.86 40.85
Grade(%) 9.35 7.42 8.83 10.14
TiO2 content(gr) 10.47 2.15 3.27 4.66Percent of TiO2
content 100.00 20.55 31.20 44.54
C.S 0.052
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2-3-5 .
.FV (Sp-So) H
dH/dl
F:V:
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..2-5.5))8-5(5/2)
.1.10-5)..1(.2.3 ) .2.( 11-5
.
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9-557-5
rougher(5lit/min) feed Conc. tailings
Weight(gr) 458.4 433.8 24.6weight percent 100 94.63 5.37
Grade(%) 7.77 7.02 8.9
TiO2 content(gr) 35.62 30.45 2.19
C.S 0.091
5/28-5rougher(2.5 lit/min) feed Conc. tale
Weight(gr) 793.4 721.4 72
weight percent 100 90.93 9.07Grade(%) 7.77 7.44 9.08
TiO2 content(gr) 61.65 53.67 6.54
C.S 0.039
40 grinding
wet high
TC
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).1(10-5cleaner 1(2.5 lit/min) feed Conc. tailings
weight 662.5 540 122.5
weight percent 100 81.51 18.49
grade 7.44 7.17 8.97
TiO2 content 49.29 38.72 10.99
C.S 0.030
).2(11-5cleaner 2(2.5 lit/min) feed Conc. tailings
weight 475.2 456.5 18.7
weight percent 100 96.06 3.94
grade 7.17 6.88 10.29
TiO2 content 34.07 31.41 1.92
C.S 0.039
.
)(
. -
.
5/25 5/2
. .
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1-6 8/235/3-45/32/4 .
25/1)-/-(
5/2 75 .
25/1 6
.
. 5/1
) ( .
.1-6
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1-6
((Shaking Table2-6 10 149 )1-6.(
. 1-6 .
1-6 shaking table feed Conc. middling tailings
Weight(gr) 783 370 352 61
weight percent 100 47.25 44.96 7.79
TiO2 Grade(%) 9.35 7.78 9 11.45
TiO2 content(gr) 73.21 28.79 31.68 6.98
percent of TiO2 content 100. 39.32 43.27 9.54
C.S 0.079
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TiO2 35/9% 78/7% .
((multi gravity3-61-3-6
2 .2-6310
2-6mozli feed Conc. tailings
Weight(gr) 823 775 48
weight percent 100 94.17 5.83
Grade TiO2(%) 7.26 6.63 13.97
TiO2 content(gr) 59.75 51.38 6.71
percent of TiO2 content 100.00 86.00 11.22
C.S 0.082
.
. DX7 24-1 4 .
.((multi gravity 2-3-6
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.
.DX7..))fractional
)( . .1624 .
. 3.
.2 . 4
. )( .
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.
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.4-6 . .))ANOVADX7
. ))95%5%
. .
3-62-6..ANOVA
4-6)79/7TiO2(
ABCDTiO2 (%)TiO2
(%)
TiO2 (%)
1301214.867.0112.1254.43
2401235.018.6615.671.573303236.28.0115.5775.12
4403215.638.716.8473.67
5301435.938.0514.870.30
6401415.578.5214.8671.06
7303415.868.4914.270.16
8403436.512.8124.0487.80
9352325.568.0614.968.30
10352325.568.0715.6568.56
11352325.358.114.8867.71
12352325.427.9416.2769.02
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2-6.2-6
..TiO2
.FMean.F05/0P.95%
squareMean square))62/17F
noise.88/99%
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-. .
3-6
.)6)RSM.3-6
.7
. )notsignificant(.
6 ResponseSurfaceMethod7-lackoffit
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4-6 Pred R-square 59/0 Adj R-s
.Adeq-Precisior 4 . Adeq-
Precisior52/13.
3-3-6
. optimization
4-6
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TiO2)5-6( 1. .
5-65-6
74/39.11.201/2.31.4
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4-61-4-6
.
.
.
-
.2-4-6
. - )(
. ) 6-6(
. ) 8 ( 203040 )6-6.(5-69-6
.
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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6-6
7/0205-6cyclon 20- 0.7(kg/cm
3) Feed OF UF
Weight percent (%) 100 23.60 76.40
Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.56 8.72
TiO2 content(%) 100.00 13.79 85.42
c.s 0.098
1206-6cyclon 20- 1 (kg/cm
3
) Feed OF UFpercent weight(%) 100 22.87 77.13
Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.58 8.47
TiO2 content(%) 100.00 13.43 83.76
c.s 0.094
5001207-6
cyclone 20 - 1kg/cm3 -with
dispersant Feed OF UF
Weight percent (%) 100 26.25 73.75
Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.52 8.76
TiO2 content(%) 100.00 15.21 82.82
c.s 0.110
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1308-6cyclone 30 1 kg/cm3 Feed OF UF
Weight percent (%) 100 34.18 65.82
Grade TiO2 (%) 7.8 4.97 9.16
TiO2 content(%) 100.00 21.78 77.30
c.s 0.124
1409-6cyclon 40 1 kg/cm3 Feed OF UF
Weight percent (%) 100 39.16 60.84
Grade TiO2 (%) 7.80 5.15 8.73
TiO2 content(%) 100.00 26.54 69.88
c.s 0.133
UF: :OF 3-4-6
))
. .
.
50% .40%
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1-7 .
.
. :
-1-2
-3
.-4
. .
.
2-7)(carrierFlotation1-2-7
8 1961
8 EngelhardCorporation
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)Green et al.1961(.
. 1-7 .
))Green et al.19611-7
.
. 9 10 1990
:-1-2
9 Forssberg10
Subrahmanyam
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-3 ) ( ) ()2007,Koca&Koca(
11 12 . " "13) (
.
.
1983 (High intensity Conditioning, HIC)
. .
.
.
.
14 1967 ) ( .
15
11 Wang
12 Somasundaran
13 Piggybackphenomenon
14 Mercade
6 oligomer
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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. TiO2.8/0
ECCI16 2-2-7ECCI .
40 60 . 17
.
.
.
. ECCI . 15 20
.),)Parekh &Miller1999
TREP18 3-2-7 TREP Freeport kaolin) ( .
.
16
EnglishChainaClayIntenational 17
Cundy18
TitaniumRemovalandExtractionProcess
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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)25( .
)Bacon & Brooks 1984( )Bacon 1984.(
200 . 19
. TREP . 50 65 2
N 3 lb/ton-1 250 .pH NaOH7-5/6 .
15 24 . )oxidizing( oxone
.pH 5/6 8/6 .pH
1/6 . 5/0lb/ton 5lb/t 20 .
pH 4 .pH 1/6 3/6 .
.ECCITREP 4lb/t
. pH
19
deflocculant
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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8/7 . H2SO410 15lb/tk Brite
) ( . .
TREP .
).1-7(
))Parekh & J. D. Miller1-7
TiO2 .
TiO2 .
.
4-2-8
.
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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.
))Parekh & J. D. Miller2-7
.
--
.-
.
.
. .
(RC(O)NHOM) R M
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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:.))1991,Prasad & Reid-1-2
20 . pH 6 .
. 70 15
45 . .
. pH 8 10
pH pH 10 .
pH 9 5/9 . 3-7 pH TiO2.))Mathur, 2002
-1-2
)(
20 Yoon&Hilderband
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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))Mathur, 2002pH3-7
TiO2
. 4-7
).)Mathur, 2002))Mathur, 20024-7
3-71-3-7 510 .
25 1600 5 1200 .pH
5/9
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pH 5/10 . 5-7 .6-7 .
5-7C.Sgrade(%)
whight
percent (%)Carrier flotation
c.sUFOFFEEDUFOFpHDispresent
(gr/ton)
Despresent
(gr/ton)collector
carrier
particle
(%)
test
no
0.0494.595.044.97
64.47
35.53
10--
oleic
acid51
-0.0389.8289.1552.0947.919.8--oleic
acid52
-0.0958.035.727.0568.4631.549.5--oleic
acid53
-0.1048.215.957.1771.4228.589.5--oleic
acid54
-0.0857.526.086.7979.3720.639.61000-sodium
oleat105
-0.0467.3766.9882.1617.849.61000-oleic
acid106
0.0286.226.636.4480.88
19.12
10.51000-
sodium
oleat107
0.0665.846.586.3581.7718.2310.510001000oleic
acid108
6-7wieght recovery Ca (%)
test no of uf
1 - -
2 - -
3 27.44 71.434 5.06 91.94
5 3.03 93.34
6 0.86 95.35
7 1.62 95.96
8 1.17 93.56
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C.S pH 10 . pH
. .
. -
. .
2-3-7 pH
.7-77-7
uncarrier flotation whight percent grade(%) C.S
collector
Activator(lead
acetat)
(gr/t)
Despresent
(gr/t)
Dispresent(sodium
silicate)
(gr/t)
pH of Uf Feed of uf
1 sodium oleat 200 - 1000 9.6 25.58 74.42 7.77 6.28 8.23 -0.044
2 oleic acid 200 - 1000 9.6 19.39 80.61 7.77 5.97 8.21 -0.046
3 oleic acid 200 1000 1000 10.5 15.97 84.03 7.77 6.35 7.85 -0.009
4
90%oleic
acid+10%aero845
200 1000 1000 10.5 21.32 78.68 7.77 6.33 8.15 -0.038
5 sodium oleat 200 1000 1000 10.5 19.60 80.40 7.77 6.43 8.08 -0.032
6 oleic acid 1300 1000 1000 10.5 18.91 81.09 7.77 6.34 7.96 -0.020
790%sodiumoleat+ 10%
aero845
1300 1000 1000 10.5 15.13 84.87 7.77 6.42 7.88 -0.012
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7-7 45 Aero 845 .
Aero845 830 . 10 . Aero845
pH . .
4-7-
.( )
. .
.
. .
.
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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1-8.
).2(
. .
.
)(..
. .
.TiO2XRF XRF 13/625/5 .
. .5/8
TiO2 .
2-8.-1-2
1-8.7/159306/51/3TiO2.
. 5/8.XRF.
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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XRF TiO25/8 . .
1-8XRFXRF Analysis
chemical compound (%)
SiO2 53.87
Al2O3 32.38
Fe2O3 0.16TiO2
*5.25
CaO 0.11
MgO
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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(-140+21016/8TiO2)
49/5 41/24149..
35/9.25/4778/7
DX7 .
79/7 86/4 .43/54 6/37%
.343
24
.
-6 .
4/142/735/9TiO2 25
)7/1(40.77/7TiO25
.9475/2
88/677/7.
).70(
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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)(-7
52/48/7 26 d80110.
.42%
-8 .
.
.
-9 )42% ) TiO26/5))6/37%.2TiO2
)7/1(40945
.10
3-8-1 XRF TiO2 .
13/625/5XRF TiO2XRF.5/8
)(
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.
-2 )24(TiO2.
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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- ))1382
.- ))1370
.285- ))1383
.138..- ))1388
. 7255-62- ))1381
.- ))1387
. ..3459473
- -))1387 .
- Al2O3/SiO2))1384 ..)(
.156- ))1382 )
.2167-184.).- ))1383
. 4 2387-400.
- ))1376 . .156- "" 9
7/22/2019 tio2 production methods
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-Bahrami, B. and Emam Alipour, A. (2005) Processing of bauxite mineral
bearing titanium of Ghopi Baba Ali (Mian doab) mine. World Mining
Congress, Tehran, Iran.
-Balkay, B., Samimi, M. (1972) Geological investigations of Iranian bauxites
and other high alumina minerals. Geological Survey of Iran. Internal report.
-Calagari, A.A. and Abedini, A. (2007) Geochemical investigation on Permo-
Triassic bauxite horizon at Kanisheeteh, east of Bukan, West-Azarbaidjan,
Iran.Journal of Geochemical Investigation, 94, 1-18.
-Haydn, H. M. (2006) Developmentsin Clay Science. Exploration, Mininig and
Processing. Volume 2, Chpter 4, pp. 67-83
-Iannicell, J. (1976)IHigh extraction magnetic filtration of kaolin clay.Clays
and Clay Minerals, Vol. 24, pp. 64-68
-Koca, S. and Koca, H. (2007) Carrier Flotation of alunite from kaolin clay.
Processing of Raw Materials for Glass and Ceramics Cl1-1
-Mathur, Sh. (2002)Kaolin Flotation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
v 256,pp153158
-Parekh, B. K. & Miller, J. D. (1999)Advances in flotation technology. SME, p
222-228
- Prasad M S ; Reid K J and Murray H H (1991) Kaolin: processing