Career Point UniversityKota

Basic Scheme of Neuclear Power PlantWith

Heavy Water Reactor

Presentation On

Submitted By :Palkit BadalaK11604B.Tech.(EE)CPU

Submitteb To :Mr. Kamal AroraDEANCPU

Index• NUCLEAR POWER PLANT• Basic Reactor Model• Working Of Nuclear Power Plant• Ways to Produce Energy• NUCLEAR FISSION• TYPES OF POWER REACTOR• Essential Component of Nuclear Reactor• How it Works• Heavy Water Reactors• CANDU Reactor• How Heavy Water Is Used !• CANDU nuclear reactor• Difference Between Heavy & Light Water Reactors• Disadvantages Of CANDU Reactor • Advantages Of CANDU Reactor • Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plant• Advantages of Nuclear Power Plant

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in

which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As in a

conventional thermal power station the heat is used to

generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected

to a generator which produces electricity. As of February

2, 2012, there were 439 nuclear power plants in

operation.

Basic Reactor Model

Pump

2. M

oder

ator

1. F

uel

3. C

ontro

l rod

5. S

team

gen

erat

or

4. Coolant

6.

8.

7.

Turbine

Generator

Working Of Nuclear Power Plant

Ways to Produce Energy

Energy can be produced by following two ways:

• By combining light nuclei, the process known as fusion.

• By breaking up heavy nuclei into nuclei of intermediate size, process is known as fission.

NUCLEAR FISSION A process in which bombardment of a nucleus by fast

moving neutrons results in its break up in two smallest nuclei of almost equal mass with the liberation of large amount of energy is called Nuclear Fission reaction.

This fission reaction may be of two types(i) Controlled fission reaction and(ii) Uncontrolled fission reaction

TYPES OF POWER REACTOR

Main types of nuclear reactors are1. Advanced Gas Cooled-Reactor2. Boiling Water reactor3. Pressurized Water reactor4. CANDU Type reactor5. Sodium Graphite reactor6. Fast Breeder Reactor

Essential Component of Nuclear Reactor

1. Reactor core2. Reflector3. Control mechanism4. Moderator5. Coolants6. Measuring instruments7. Shielding

How it Works

The main bit to remember :

Nuclear power stations work in pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chain reaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.

Heavy Water Reactors

• Canadian Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU) Reactors– Use natural (non-isotopically concentrated) uranium – Tmax: 590oF; PRxr Coolant: 1500 psi– Can run 2 ½ years without refueling/downtime

• RBMK Reactors– Chernobyl-style reactor– Graphite and D2O in reactor core– Much improved designs today

CANDU Reactor

How Heavy Water Is Used !

CANDU nuclear reactor

The CANDU nuclear reactor got its name because this heavy water reactor design was developed in Canada -- it stands for CANada Deuterium Uranium. Deuterium is the primary element in heavy water, and uranium is the fuel used in this reactor class.

Difference Between Heavy & Light Water Reactors

Heavy Water Reactor• Known as CANDU Reactor.• Core:It Is kept HORIZONTAL• Fuel: Use non-enriched,

natural uranium oxide as fuel.

• Moderator : Heavy water or deuterium oxide, which has a chemical formula of D20.

Light Water Reactor• Known as LWR.• Core: It is kept VERTICAL.• Fuel: Use enriched uranium

fuel

• Moderator: Moderator in light water reactors is ordinary water

• Coolant: The water moderator also functions as primary coolant in light water reactors.

• Coolant: The CANDU reactor uses either light or heavy water coolant.

Disadvantages Of CANDU Reactor

• It requires a very heigh standard of DESIGN , MANUFACTURE & MAINTAINENCE .

• Cost of heavy water is More.• There are leakage problems.• Size of reactor is extreamly large as power density is

low as compared with PWR & BWR.

Advantages Of CANDU Reactor

• Heavy water is used as moderator , which has heigher multiplication factor and low fuel consumption.

• Enriched fuel is not required.• The cost of vessel is less as it has not to withstand a

heigh pressure.• Less time is needed to construct the reactor.• Moderator can be kept at low temperature which

increases its effectiveness in slowing down neutrons.

Disadvantages of Neuclear Power Plant•Although not much waste is produced, it is very

dangerous.

It must be sealed up and buried for many thousands of

years to allow the radioactivity to die away.

For all that time it must be kept safe from earthquakes,

flooding, terrorists and everything else. This is difficult.

•Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot of money has to be

spent on safety - if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can

be a major disaster.

Advantages of Neuclear Power Plant

• Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make.

• Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

• Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel.

• Produces small amounts of waste.• Nuclear power is reliable.

Thank You