Introduction to Introduction to Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering

What is Environment?What is Environment?• Definition: The word environment is Definition: The word environment is

originated from environ, which mean things originated from environ, which mean things that surrounds. that surrounds.

• So environment means all that environ us So environment means all that environ us like all physical and biological surroundings like all physical and biological surroundings i-e air, water, human, trees, plants, animals, i-e air, water, human, trees, plants, animals, micro-organisms, road, building etc.micro-organisms, road, building etc.

• Broadly speaking environment is defined as Broadly speaking environment is defined as sum of all conditions and influence , which sum of all conditions and influence , which affects development and life all organism on affects development and life all organism on earth.earth.

• The environment is collective term for all The environment is collective term for all condition, in which organism lives.condition, in which organism lives.

• Thus all factor such as light, temperature, Thus all factor such as light, temperature, water, soil, air and organism constitute water, soil, air and organism constitute environment.environment.

Who does it consist?• Everyone & Everyone &

Everything!Everything!– plantsplants– insectsinsects– animalsanimals– humans humans – ecosystemsecosystems– our planetour planet

• Ecology:

• It is the scientific analysis and study of interactions and various relationship of living organisms with each other and with their environment.

• Population:

• The group of similar individual species that live together in same area in same time ,in ecological term form population.

• Habitat: The type of environment in which particular

organism or population lives is its habitat and they are habitant of it.

• Biodiversity: it is a term we use to define variety of life on earth like plants, animals etc.

• It refers to wide variety of ecosystem and living organism and their habitats.

• Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes .

• Species:

• A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals having similar characteristics and capable of interbreeding. Endangered is an specie which is in danger of extinction.

• Fauna: The animal of specified region or time.

• Flora: The plant of specified region or time.

• Bacteria:

• They are unicellular(single cell) prokaryotic(lack of cell/membrane) living micro organism. Their importance is that (1) they change composition and shape of organism.(2) Alimentary canal bacteria which help us in digestion.(3) Medical bacteria help us in medicine making.(4) industrial bacteria which are harmful for living organisms.

• However bacteria which are harmful and causes disease are termed as pathogenic bacteria like industrial bacteria. And those which do not cause disease are Non- pathogenic bacteria.

•Viruses: these are very small non-cellular parasites or pathogen of plant and animal.

What is Environmental What is Environmental Engineering?Engineering?

Definition: The application of science and Definition: The application of science and engineering knowledge, concepts and engineering knowledge, concepts and principles to improve ,or restore our natural principles to improve ,or restore our natural environment (air, water and land) and solve environment (air, water and land) and solve environmental problems, in order to provide environmental problems, in order to provide healthy environment for all living organism.healthy environment for all living organism.

• It involves management of waste water, It involves management of waste water, pollution control, recycling waste disposal, pollution control, recycling waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental stability, and public health environmental stability, and public health issues as well as knowledge of environmental issues as well as knowledge of environmental laws.laws.

• It also includes study of the environmental It also includes study of the environmental impacts of proposed construction projects.impacts of proposed construction projects.

Difference b/w Environmental Difference b/w Environmental Engineering and Environmental Engineering and Environmental

science ?science ?

• Environmental science deals only with study Environmental science deals only with study of environmental issues which hazards of environmental issues which hazards environment, and environmental engineering environment, and environmental engineering deals with methods, techniques and deals with methods, techniques and application of engineering principles to solve application of engineering principles to solve the environmental issues. the environmental issues.

What are What are environmental issues?environmental issues?

• Three areas:Three areas:– air qualityair quality– land qualityland quality– water quality water quality

Element of Environment

• Lithosphere:

• The solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle.it consist of mountainous hard layers such as rock exist in this layer. This layer is very near to living things. Rocks like granite, blast etc exist in ths layer.

• lyer.Hydrosphere:

• the watery layer of the earth's surface; includes water vapor etc.

• It consist of ocean, sea river etc. it covers 71% of total earth in which 97% is saline water.

Atmosphere

• It cover whole area sorrounding the earth upto 800km. It consist of different gases such

as nitrogen oxygen and co2. nitrogen cover 78%, in atmosphere, oxygen 21%. Co2 is heavy gas and settle to lower layer atmos

• Atmos consist of following layers• 1 Troposphere consist of clouds etc not

suitable for aircraft. 2 stratosphere which is very stable and suitable for aircraft

• Mespsphere third layer 85km high from earth surface here mixing of air takes place.

• Tratosphere part of atmos• It is lower dense layer of atmos. It consist of cloud

etc and environmental or seasonal changes takes place in this sphere uts height is 18km from earth surface

• Biosphere:• difference ecosystem whether

terrestrial or aquatic are linked together and collectively constitute a giant ecosystem is called biosphere.

• The biosphere consist of earth surface with few meters depth of water and air capsule which is of about 20km surrounding earth . All living things live within biosphere not beyond it.

Types of Environmental Engineering

• Environmental chemistry• Environmental microbiology• Environmental impact assessment• Environmental hydrology• Environmental health and safety• Environmental quality of modeling and

monitoring

• Water and waste water treatment, distribution and disposal

• Air pollution and its control.• Noise pollution and its control.• Solid and hazards waste management.