Gandhinagar Institute Of Gandhinagar Institute Of TechnologyTechnology

Subject : ELEMENTS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Branch : MECHANICAL [K2]

Prepared By : MAKWANA NIRAV.

Enrollment No : 160120119048

Guided By : PROF. MOHAMMED CHALLAWALA

TOPIC : TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS1

2

Construction Materials

Naturally Available Materials : Clay, Wood , Sand, Rock

Artificial Materials : Cement, Bricks, Steel, Tiles, Ceramics, Paints,Glass, Plastic, Stone, lime

CementCement is the product obtained by burning a well-proportioned mixture of Siliceous, Argillaceous and Calcareous materials and crushing the same into a fine powder.

Requirements Of Cement•Cement should not contain alumina in excess as it weakens the cement.•A very small amount of sulphur is added in cement to make sound cement.•It should found cool when touch by hand.• it should be in fine powder form while checking with first finger and thumb.

Cement

Uses Of Cement•It is used in making joints for drains ,pipes.•It is used to prepare RCC structures of building by using reinforcement with cement concrete.

• it is used in construction of buildings, bridges, tanks, flyovers etc.

•It is used to prepare cement mortar for building construction works like masonry, plaster etc.

SAND• Sand is a fine aggregate of size greater than

0.15mm upto 5mm depending on the grades of sand namely :

• Coarse (2 to 5mm)• Medium (0.5 to 2mm)• Fine (0.15 to 0.5mm)• It is a granular form of silica. Sand is the product of

the natural disintegration and abrasion of rock. The fine product obtained from crushing of stone is known as stone sand.

SAND

SAND• Sand is obtained mainly from pits, river beds and sea-

shores, that is pit sand , river sand and sea-sand. • The grains of pit sand are sharp and angular. It is

obtained from pits dug into soil. It is free from salts and is an excellent material for mortar or concrete work.

• grains of river sand are mostly rounded. River sand is more white and finer than pit sand, and therefore suitable for plastering work.

• Sea-sand grains are fine, rounded and of light brown colour. However, due to presence of salts, sea sand is unsuitable for masonry, plastering and concrete work.

SANDImportant property is the fineness of sand, measured in terms “fineness modulus of sand”. This is a number (obtained by sieving) proportional to the average size of sand grains. The fineness modulus of fine sand is about 2.3, medium sand 2.7 and 3.0 for coarse sand. Sand should be fine for plaster work, medium for masonry work and coarse for concrete work.

AGGREGATES• The most important property of aggregate is its soundness,

dimensional stability, cleanliness, strength and gradation. An aggregate should be free from organic matters and salts.

• Coarse aggregates are the portion of the aggregate which is retained on 4.75mm sieve. Normal coarse aggregate is composed of gravel or crushed stone and for structural concrete is usually required to be uniformly graded from maximum size of about 50mm down to 5mm. For thin slab size should not be greater than 12mm. Smaller size aggregates have more total surface area than the bigger size aggregates of same volume. Therefore smaller size aggregates will require more cement paste, which will result in stronger and richer mix. Fine aggregate is that portion of aggregate finer than 4.75mm. fine aggregate is usually considered to be sand.

AGGREGATES