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PRESENTATION ON
COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT
Presented by Under
guidence off
Shivam kumar (ME-3th year) Mr. Amit
Sharma
Roll no -1147440098 Assistant
Professor
CONTENT
About plant.
Coal handling plant.
Boiler and their auxiliaries.
Condenser.
Cooling tower.
Feed water heater.
Turbines.
Deaerator.
Electrostatic precipitator.
Control room & Switchyard.
ABOUT PLANT
Aravali Power Company Private Limited (A Joint Venture of NTPC Ltd,HPGCL and IPGCL).
Project IGSTPP ( Indra Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project ).
The project is located at village Jharli in Jhajjar district ofHaryana,covering land area of 2191 acres.
Plant capacity :- Stage I : 1500MW(3X500MW) –Commission
Stage II: 1320 MW (2 x 660MW)- Future provision.
Equity sharing :- NTPC (50%), HPGCL (25%), IPGCL (25%).
COAL HANDLING PLANT
The function of coal handling plant is automatic feeding of coal to the
boiler furnace.
Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of plant and through
conveyor system collected in hopper and ground to a very fine powder
by large metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill.
Wagon Tippler Conveyor Coal Hopper Pulverised Mill
BOILER AND THEIR AUXILIARIES
Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which
water is heated until the water is converted into steam at required
pressure. This is most basic definition of boiler.
Salient feature of 500MW boiler
Controlled circulation of water.
Uniform heating or cooling.
Better cleaning.
SUPER HEATER
Super heater is a component of a steam-generating unit in which
steam, after it has left the boiler drum, is heated above its
saturation temperature.
REHEATER
Some of the heat of superheated steam is used to rotate the turbinewhere it loses some of its energy.
Reheater is also steam boiler component in which heat is added to thisintermediate-pressure steam, which has given up some of its energy inexpansion through the high-pressure turbine.
The steam after reheating is used to rotate the second steam turbinewhere the heat is converted to mechanical energy.
This mechanical energy is used to run the alternator, which is coupled toturbine , there by generating electrical energy.
ECONOMISER
Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. An economiser
extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed
water.
This use of economiser results in saving coal consumption and higher
boiler efficiency.
Economiser tube assembly
AIR PREHEATER
After flue gases leave economiser, some further heat can be extracted
from them and used to heat incoming heat. Cooling of flue gases by 20
degree centigrade increases the plant efficiency by 1%.
Air preheater working
Working of boiler and their auxiliary
CONDENSER
Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to condenser. Condenser
refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger (or surface
condenser) installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in
Thermal power stations of utility companies generally.
COOLING TOWERS
A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense the steam .
Typically a 2000MW plant needs about 1500MGallon of water.
Small plants use spray ponds and medium and large plants use coolingtowers.
Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure having areservoir at the base for storage of cooled water.
Height of the cooling tower may be 150 m or so and diameter at the baseis 150 m.
Natural draft cooling towers
FEED WATER HEATER
Feed water heating improves overall plant efficiency.
The dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide which would otherwise cause
boiler corrosion are removed in feed water heater.
Thermal stresses due to cold water entering the boiler drum are avoided.
Quantity of steam produced by the boiler is increased.
Some other impurities carried by the steam and condensate, due to
corrosion of boiler and condenser are precipitated outside the boiler.
TURBINE
A steam turbine converts heat energy of steam into mechanical
energy and drives the generator. It uses the principle that steam
when issuing from a small opening attains a high velocity. This
velocity attained during expansion depends on the initial and final
heat content of the steam. This difference b/w initial and final heat
content represents the heat energy converted into kinetic energy.
These are of two types :-
Impulse turbine
Reaction turbine
Turbine full view
DEAERATOR
Deaerator is a contact type open heater in which dissolved oxygen in the
feed water is removed as much as possible by mechanical means.
In deaerator the feed water is heated by LP or VB steam (pressure: 2.5 –
3.5kg/cm2, temperature: 1400°C). Due to heating the partial pressure of
dissolved oxygen in feed water increases and solubility decreases to
considerable amount. Then by mechanical means dissolved oxygen is
released in air.
ELECTROSTSAIC PRECIPITATOR
From air preheater this flue gases (mixed with ash) goes to ESP. The
precipitator has plate banks (A-F) which are insulated from each other
between which the flue gases are made to pass. The dust particles are
ionized and attracted by charged electrodes.
The electrodes are maintained at 60KV.Hammering is done to the plates
so that fly ash comes down and collect at the bottom. The fly ash is dry
form is used in cement manufacture.
COMPLETE WORKING OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
REHEAT RANKINE CYCLE WORKING