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CLOUD COMPUTING VS GRID COMPUTINGPRESENTER : OMID SOHRABI

2 MAIN ARTICLE

3 INTRODUCTION

“computation may someday be organized as a public utility”

John McCarthyComputing pioneerdeveloped the Lisp programming language family

4 INTRODUCTION (CONTINUE)

TeraGrid is an open scientific discovery infrastructure combining leadership class resources at eleven partner sites to create an integrated, persistent computational resource

5 DEFINITION OF CLOUD COMPUTING

There is little consensus on how to define the Cloud A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by

economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.

Ian Foster Cloud computing is using the internet to access someone else's

software running on someone else's hardware in someone else's data center.

Lewis Cunningham

6 DEFINITION OF CLOUD COMPUTING

There is little consensus on how to define the Cloud A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is

driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet.

Ian Foster Cloud computing is using the internet to access someone else's

software running on someone else's hardware in someone else's data center.

Lewis Cunningham

7 Clouds: key points of the definition

Differences related to traditional distributed paradigms: Massively scalable Can be encapsulated as an abstract entity that delivers

different levels of service Driven by economies of scale Services can be dynamically configured (via virtualization or

other approaches) and delivered on demand

8 Clouds: reasons for interest

Rapid decrease in hw cost, increase in computing power and storage capacity (multi-cores etc)

Exponentially growing data size Widespread adoption of Services Computing and Web

2.0 apps

9 Clouds: relation with other paradigms

A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to Web

sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video sharing sites, hosted

services, Web applications

10 GRID COMPUTING

Grid Computing enables resource sharing and coordinated problem solving in virtual organizations(VO) where each VO can consist of either physically distributed institutions or logically related projects/groups.

Builds a uniform computing environment from diverse resources by defining standard network protocols and providing middleware to mediate access to a wide range of heterogeneous resources (egGlobusToolkit).

11 GRID COMPUTING (continue)

12 How technologists perceive the Cloud

“The interesting thing about Cloud Computing is that we’ve redefined Cloud Computing to include everything that we already do. . . . I don’t understand what we would do differently in the light of Cloud Computing other than change the wording of some of our ads.”

Larry Ellison (Oracle CEO)Wall Street Journal, September 26, 2008

13 How technologists perceive the Cloud

“A lot of people are jumping on the [cloud] bandwagon, but I have not heard two people say the same thing about it. There are multiple definitions out there of “the cloud.”

Andy Isherwood (HP VP of sales) ZDnetNews, December 11, 2008

14 How technologists perceive the Cloud

“It’s stupidity. It’s worse than stupidity: it’s a marketing hype campaign. Somebody is saying this is inevitable —and whenever you hear somebody saying that, it’s very likely to be a set of businesses campaigning to make it true.”

Richard Stallman (Advocator of Free Software)The Guardian, September 29, 2008

15 Is Cloud a new name for Grids?

YES: the vision is the same reduce the cost of computing increase reliability increase flexibility (transitioning from self-operation to

third party)

The answer is complicated…IT reinvents itself every five years

16 Is Cloud a new name for Grids?

NO: things are different than 10 years ago New needs to analyze massive data, increased demand

for computing Billions of dollars being spent by Amazon,

Google,Microsoft to create real commercial large-scale systems with hundreds of thousands of computers – www.top500.org shows computers with 100,000+ cores

Only need a credit card to get on-demand access to infinite computers

17 Is Cloud a new name for Grids?

Nevertheless YES: same problems but different details Problems are the same in clouds and grids How to manage large facilities How to discover, request, and use resources How to implement and execute parallel Computations

18 Clouds: side-by-side comparison with Grids Business model Architecture Resource Management Programming model Application model Security model

19 Cloud vs Grids - Business model

Traditional: one-time payment for unlimited use of software

Clouds: pay the provider on a consumption basis, computing and storage (like electricity, gas etc)

Grids: assigned a number of service units

20 Cloud vs Grids - Architecture

communication and

authentication protocols

discovery, negotiation, monitoring, accounting and

payment of sharing operations on individual resources

interactions across collections of

resources, directory services

21 Cloud vs Grids - Architecture

resources that

have been abstracted/encapsulated

collection of specialized tools, middleware and

services on top of the unified resources to provide

a

development and/or deployment platform

22 Cloud vs Grids - ArchitectureSPI Model

Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

23 Cloud vs Grids - Architecture SPI MODEL (IaaS) The capability provided to the consumer is to provision

processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources.

Consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications.

The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Typical examples are Amazon EC2 Service and S3

24 Cloud vs Grids - Architecture SPI MODEL (IaaS)

25 Cloud vs Grids - Architecture SPI MODEL (PaaS)

The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider.

The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.

26 Cloud vs Grids - Architecture SPI MODEL (SaaS) The capability provided to the consumer is to use the

provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. delivers special purpose software that is remotely

accessible. E.g,: Google Maps, Live Mesh from Microsoft etc

The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited userspecific application configuration settings.

27 Cloud vs Grids – Resource Management

Compute model Data model Virtualization Monitoring

28 Cloud vs Grids – Resource ManagementCOMPUTE MODEL

Grids: batch-scheduled (queueing systems) Clouds: resources shared by all users at the same

time in contrast to dedicated resources in queueing systems

Maybe one of the major challenges in clouds: QoS!

29 Cloud vs Grids – Resource ManagementDATA MODEL

Data locality: to achieve good scalability data must be distributed over many computers

Clouds: use map-reduce mechanism like in Google to maintain data locality

In Grids, data storage usually relies on a shared file systems (e.g. NFS, GPFS, PVFS, Luster), where data locality cannot be easily applied

30 Cloud vs Grids – Resource ManagementVirtualization

Abstraction and encapsulation Clouds: rely heavily on virtualization Supports cost-effective use of cloud’s physical resources Grids: do not rely on virtualization as much as clouds.

due to policy and having each individual organization maintain full control of their resources

However, there are efforts in Grids to use virtualization as well, such as Nimbus

31 Cloud vs Grids – Resource ManagementMonitoring

Virtualization poses challenges to fine-grained control over monitoring

Service-oriented view means resources below service API are not visible

Monitoring may not be as important because of abstractions

Grid trust model allows users via their identity delegation to access and browse resources at different sites

Resources not highly abstracted & virtualized

32 Cloud vs Grids – Programming Model

CLOUD most use the map-reduce programming model.

Implementation: Hadoop that uses Pig as a declarative programming language

GRID Complicated by issues like multiple administrative

domains, resource heterogeneity, etc heavy use of workflow tools to be able to manage large

sets of tasks and data. others: MPICH-G2, WSRF, GridRPC…

33 Cloud vs Grids – Application Model

CLOUD Traditionally can support same apps as grid except

HPC (due to low latency needs) but this is changing Interactive, loosely-coupled, transaction-oriented apps

GRID Batch-oriented apps Support High-Performance Computing (HPC) through High

Throughput Computing (HTC) Support workflows of loosely-coupled applications

34 Cloud vs Grids – Security Model

Clouds currently more homogeneous and single provider so security simpler

Still an important concern for cloud users Email address & credit card gets you an account Grids Built on assumptions of heterogeneous and dynamic

resources and multiple admin domains Stricter procedure to acquire an account

35 CONCLUSION

36 CONCLUSION (continue)

37 REFRENCES

Geelan, Jeremy. "Twenty-one experts define cloud computing." Cloud Computing Journal 4 (2009): 1-5

Foster, Ian, et al. "Cloud computing and grid computing 360-degree compared." Grid Computing Environments Workshop, 2008. GCE'08. Ieee, 2008.

Sharma, Prabha. "Grid Computing Vs. Cloud Computing." International Journal of Information and Computation Technology. 2013 ISSN: 0974-2239

Lewis Cunningham, Cloud Computing with Amazon and Oracle, 2008. www.teragrid.org

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