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A PRESENTATION ON CHEMICAL REACTOR

PRESENTED BY Chandramani Manish

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IntroductionReactor is the heart of chemical process.

A vessel is designed to contain chemical reaction is called a reactor.

An industrial reactor is a complex chemical device in which heat transfer, mass transfer, diffusion and friction may occur along with chemicals with the provision of safety and control.

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Basic Principle All chemical process are centered in a chemical reactor. The design of a chemical reactor is the most important factor in determining the overall process economics.Reaction Type 1. Direct combination or synthetic reaction . A + B = AB 2. Chemical decomposition or analysis reaction. AB = A + B

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Reactor Types

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Classification by mode of operation. Batch ReactorBatch reactors are used for most of the reactions carried out in a laboratory.A batch reactor is typically tank in which stirring impellers, gas bubbles, or a pump around loop where a fraction of the reactants is removed and externally re circulated back to the reactor. Application•Fermentation of beverage product•Waste water treatment.

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Batch Reactor

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Continuous Reactor

Reactants are added and products removed continuously at a constant mass flow rate. Large daily production rates are mostly conducted in continuous reactor.

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Types of continuous reactor.(a)Tubular reactors

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(b) Fixed bed reactors

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(c) Fluid bed reactors

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(d) Continuous stirred tank reactors, CSTR

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Semi Batch Reactor

Semi batch reactor are especially favored when there are large heat effects and heat transfer capability is limited. Exothermic reactions may be slowed down and endothermic reactions controlled by limiting reagent concentration.

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Classification by END USE BASED.1 Polymerization reactor

Polymerization reactor convert raw materials to polymers having a specific molecular weight and functionality. The difference between polymerization and chemical reactor is artificially based on the size of the molecule produced.

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2. Biological reactorBioreactors utilize (often genetically manipulated) organisms to catalyze bioferansformations either aerobically (in presence of air) or an aerobically(without air presence).

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3. Electrochemical Reactor.

Electrochemical reactors use electricity to derive desired reactions.

Example include synthesis of Na metal from NaCL and AL from bauxite ore.

A verity of reactor types are employed for specialty materials synthesis alications (e.g., electronics, defense and other.

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Classification on PHASE BASED.

1.Single phaseSingle phase reactors are typically gas-(or

plasma) or liquid-phase reactors.

2. Multiphase Multiphase reactors typically have more

than two phases present. The most common type of multiphase reactor is a gas-liquid-solid reactor; however, liquid –liquid-solid reactors are also used. The classification by phases will be used to develop the contents of this section.

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Classification by CATALYST based.1. Homogenous The catalyst in the same phase as the

reactant.

2. Heterogeneous Involves the use of a catalyst in

different phase from the reactants.

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QUESTIONS?

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