BRAINGATE

Presented By:ManpreetSingh187/2011

CONTENTS Introduction

History

Brain gate pilot device

Underlying principle

Components

Working

Transmission of information

Software

Research in human

Advantages

Limitation

Future scope

References

Conclusion

INTRODUCTIONWhat is Brain Gate Technology?

Brain gate is a neuroprosthetic device that converts brain activity into computer commands.

This system is designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs,

or other bodily functions, such as patients

with amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or

spinal cord injury.

DEVELOPMENTCompany and Scientist:

Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLEThe brain is hardwired with

connections, which are made by billions of neurons that make electrical signals whenever they are stimulated

”The principle of operation of the Brain Gate Neural Interface System is that with intact brain function, neural signals are generated even

though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs”

The components in this system• The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter

square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the primary motor cortex the region of the brain responsible for controlling movement

• The connector: When the user thinks “move cursor up and down”, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull

Continued…• The converter: The signal

travels to a shoebox-sized

amplifier mounted on the

user’s wheelchair, where

it’s converted to optical

data and bounced by fiber-

optic cable to a computer.

• The computer: The

computer translates brain

activity and creates the

communication output

using custom decoding

software

WORKING The Brain Gate neural interface device

is a brain-computer interface that

consist of an Inter neural signal

sensor and External Processors.

The sensor consists of a tiny chip

containing 100 microscopic electrodes

that detect brain cell electrical activity.

The chip is implanted on the surface of

brain in the motor cortex area that

controls movement

Motor Cortex Area(controlsMovement)

WORKING(cont.)• External Processors convert

neural signals into an output

signal under the users own

control.

• The computers translate brain

activity and create the

communication output using

custom decoding software.

HOW INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED?

• When a work is done through any

part of body then a potential

difference is created in the brain.

• This potential difference is

captured by the electrodes and is

transmitted via fiber optic to the

Digitizer(external processor).

• The digitizer converts the signal

into some 0’s and 1’s and that is

feed into the computer.

• Thus a new path for

propagation of brain

commands from the brain

to the computer via Brain

Gate are created.

• Now when external devices

are connected to the

computer work according

to the thought produced in

the brain.

Software behind Brain Gate…

The computers translate brain activity and create the

communication output using custom decoding software.

System uses translation algorithms written in

1) C++

2) JAVA

3) MATLAB

Brain Gate Research in HumanMathew-Nagel the first person to use the brain-computer interface to restore functionality lost due to paralysis…

A boon to the paralyzed

ADVANTAGES

Limitations…

At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is the lack of sensor modality that provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain signals.

It is very expensive.

Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.

Difficulty in adaptation and learning

Future or Fiction??

References

• Sixto Ortiz Jr., "Brain-Computer Interfaces: Where Human and Machine Meet," Computer, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 17-21, Jan., 2007

• F. Babiloni, A. Cichocki, and S. Gao, eds., special issue, “Brain-Computer Interfaces: Towards Practical Implementations and Potential Applications,” ComputationalIntelligence and Neuroscience, 2007

• P. Sajda, K-R. Mueller, and K.V. Shenoy, eds., special issue, “Brain Computer Interfaces,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,Jan. 2008

• The MIT Press – “Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing”

• Wikipedia, HowStuffWorks and various other website sources…