M.DIVYA

How Does Brain Control Motor Function?

The Mind-To-Movement System

That Allows A Quadriplegic Man To

Control A Computer Using Only His

Thoughts Is A Scientific Milestone

Brain Gate Neural Interface Device- a

‘brain-computer’ interface that uses

internal neural signal sensor and external

processors to convert neural signals into an

output signal under the users own control.

Definition

NEURO CHIP

What It Is The sensor consists of a tiny chip (smaller

than a baby aspirin) with one hundred electrode sensors each thinner than a hair that detect brain cell electrical activity.

Brain Gate Chip

100 hair thin electrodes to sense the electro-magnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of the brain

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) BCI – direct communication pathway

between a brain or brain cell culture and a device (computer)

One way BCIs◦ information passes from brain to computer or

computer to brain Two way BCIs

◦ information is exchanged between brain and computer

Basic Process

Chip implant system developed by Cyber kinetics in 2003

Designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs or other bodily functions

• The electrode translates brain

activity and sends the information

to the computer in a format it can

understand.

Brain Gate uses a sensor that is implanted onto the motor cortex of the brain.

The device analyzes brain signals then interprets and translated them into cursor movements.

How it Works

WorkingPreprocessing DetectionControl TrainingBio feedback

Brain Gate Device

Monitored signature is translated into electrically charged signals.

Signals are then sent and decoded using a program to move cursor, robot arm, etc.

Robot Arm

Nagle, a 25-year-old

quadriplegic, is the first

human fitted with the

Brain Gate Neural

Interface.

Benefits

• Using the Brain Gate system, Matt could control a cursor on a computer screen

-Control TV-Check e-mail-Draw on screen

• He could also send commands to an external prosthetic hand

-Open-Close

Matthew Nagle

Applications

A Boon to the paralyzed -Brain Gate Neural Interface System.

Clinical trial on Nagle.

Statement Of Nagle.

“I can't put it into words. It's just—I use my

brain. I just thought it. I said, "Cursor go up

to the top right." And it did, and now I can

control it all over the screen. It will give me

a sense of independence.”

-Matt Nagle

Statement

Current Applications

Navigate Internet

Play Computer Games

Turn Lights On and Off

Control Television

Other Applications On

Animals -Rats

-Monkeys

Experiment by Miguel Nicolle's and colleagues for use on Rhesus monkeys succeeded in closing the feedback loop of movements in a robot arm.

Regulating Breathing

Controlling Body Functions

Future Applications

In the next two years, Cyber kinetics

hopes to refine the chip to develop a

wireless version

◦No need for a plug

◦Safer

◦Less visible

ConclusionThe idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by manual control, but by mere “thinking” (i.e., the brain activity of human subjects).

So this idea helps many patients to control the prosthetic devices of their own by simply thinking about the task.

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