BODY ADAPTED WEARABLE BIOSENSORS (THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY) by Kavindra krishna Research Scholar AMU 13LECM030 Department of Electronics Engineering AMU

1

Contents

Introduction

Need for a wearable biosensor

What is Wearable Biosensor

Components of a Biosensor

Ring Sensor

Smart Shirt

Applications

Future trends

Conclusion

References 2

Introduction

Actually this topic is the part of Body Adapted Electronics, it’s a

current emerging technology and some how break the

boundaries between human and technology.

These wearable are typically-tiny , packed with wide range of

sensors and feedback systems, to make their use less intrusive

but more socially acceptable.

From the past few years(after Google glass), these technology,

pull the focus of peoples and peoples are also take interest in

these technology,because, devices are constructed with Wearable

3

Introduction

Electronics are very helping in nature such as-

a) It can tell about your personal health & fitness by monitoring exercise ,

heart rate,sleep pattern and so on.

4

Introduction

b) Google glass worn by oncologist/doctors,to assist in surgery via

medical records and other visual information accessed by voice

commands.

5

Introduction

c) Haptic Shoe sole that communicates GPS direction through vibration alerts

felt by the feet and this application is specially helpful to blind people to

navigate.

6

Introduction

Quick look of our previous discussion

7

Need for a wearable biosensor

Remote monitoring of patients.

Training support for athletes.

Monitoring of individuals who work with

hazardous elements.

Tracking of professional truck driver’s vital signs to

alert them of fatigue.

8

What is wearable biosensor ?

Wearable Biosensor = Wearable + Biosensor

Biosensor is an analytical

device used for detection

of analyte.

e.g. Blood Glucose

Detector

Biosensor

Object that can be worn

on body.

e.g. wrist watches, ring,

shirts etc.

Wearable

9

Wearable Biosensor

Wearable monitoring devices that allow continuous

monitoring of physiological signals.

They rely on wireless sensors enclosed in items that can be

worn, such as ring or shirt.

The data sets recorded using these systems are then processed

to detect patient’s clinical situations.

Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a

biological response into electrical signal.

10

Components Of Wearable Biosensor

Three main components of wearable biosensors are:

Biological element: For sensing the presence and

concentration of a substance.

Transducer: The product of interaction of biological

component and sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc.,

which can be converted by transducer into an electrical signal.

Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be

further amplified and can be read on digital panels.

11

Types Of Wearable Biosensor

Ring Sensor:

It allows one to continuously

monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation.

The device is shaped like a ring.

Smart Shirt:

This technology has been used to

integrate sensors for monitoring the vital

signs like temperature, heart rate and

respiration rate.

12

About Ring Sensor

It is a pulse oximetry, i.e.

it monitors the oxygen saturation.

It is based on the concept of

photoconductor.

Principles :-

Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.

Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric

method by photo resistor.

Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a

voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.

13

Components:

• LED’s and Photodiodes

• Optical sensor unit

• PIC microcontroller

• RF transmitter

• Tiny cell battery

• Use of double ring structure.

• First stage amplifier

• Signal Conditioner

• Sample and hold circuit

Less distance between LED & PD.

Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a cellular phone carried by the patient.

14

Working Of Ring Sensor

Blood volume in the finger changes with the heart muscle

expansion and contraction.

This blood volume changes can be easily detected by

photoelectric methods.

Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and

the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of

light reaching it.

Optical density of blood depends on the blood volume.

Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood.

If the blood volume increases, optical density increases, light

transmission through finger reduces & the resistance of photo

resistor increases.

Thus the voltage generated by photo resistor varies with the

amount of blood in the finger.

15

Working Of Ring Sensor

A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to

motion of the finger.

Block diagram of ring sensor is presented here.

16

Applications

Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations.

In an overcrowded emergency department.

Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.

In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper tension.

Advantages

Continuous monitoring.

Easy to use.

Reducing hospitalization

fee

Disadvantages

Initial cost is high.

Limited number of physiological

parameters can be monitored.

17

About Smart Shirts

Also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia

Tech Wearable Motherboard.

This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an

extremely versatile framework for the

incorporation of sensing, monitoring

and information processing devices.

• It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and

interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat

conditions.

• It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs like

temperature, heart rate and respiration rate. 18

19

Working of Smart Shirt

A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and attaches the sensors to the smart shirt.

A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are connected to a Personal Status Monitor (psm) worn at the hip level by the soldier.

If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the soldier has been shot).

The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the exact location the solider wounds.

20

Information on the soldiers wound and the condition is

immediately transmitted electronically from the PSM to a

medical unit.

21

Applications Of Smart Shirt

Combat casualty care.

Medical monitoring.

Sports/ Performance monitoring.

Space experiments.

Mission critical/ hazardous application.

Fire- fighting.

Wearable mobile information infrastructure.

Advantages

Continuous monitoring.

Right Treatment at the right time

Easy to wear and takeoff.

Disadvantages

Initial cost is high

Battery life is less

22

Conclusion

Applied to restricted area of potential market.

Limitations: Sensitivity And battery life.

Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to

dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at

practice of medicine as we know them today.

It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any

place, Anytime, Anyone”.

23

H.Harry Asada, “Mobile monitoring with wearable ppg sensors”,IEEE engineering in medicine and

biology magazine, vol 22, pp- 28-39 may/june 2003.

Park and Jayaraman,”Enhancing the quality of life through wearable technology”, IEEE engineering in

medicine and biology magazine,vol 22, pp- 41-48 may/june 2003.

Handbook of biomedical instrumentation ,Khandpur ,pp-138,233,238

R.Neuman,”Biomedical sensors”, handbook of biomedical instrumentation,pp-725-755.

World Health Organization (2009) Visual impairment and blindness - Fact Sheet N°282. Available online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/

Phd thesis on Wearable Assistive Devices for the Blind by Ramiro Velázquez Universidad Panamericana, Aguascalientes, Mexico. http://www.smartshirt.gatech.edu

http://www.wearables.gatech.edu

THANK YOU

References

24