[4] ptk 2014 2015 offshore constructions

© Adi Wirawan Husodo2014

Course-4 Introduction to Marine Technology

Offshore ConstructionLecturer : Adi Wirawan Husodo, ST, MT

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References

• Chakrabarti, S., 2005, Handbook of Offshore Engineering, Vol. 1, Elsevier.

• Dokkum, K.V., 2003, Ship Knowledge: A Modern Encyclopedia, Dokmar, Netherland. 2

014/

2015

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Offshore?

• Offshore in the Oil and Gas Industry refers to:

industrial activities in open sea, starting from the search of oil and gas (exploration) to production

(exploitation) and transporting them to shore

• Offshore is part of an industry that actually designs, buildsand operates the offshore structures to allow the execution ofoffshore activities.

• Furthermore, the functions of offshore structure are:• Exploratory drilling;

• Production;

• Storage; and

• Export (transport).

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Stages of Offshore Activities

Item Activity Vessel / unit in operation

Searching for oil Seismic surveying Seismic survey vessels

Finding it Exploration • Jack-up drilling rig• Drilling vessels• Semi-submersible drilling

unit

Building the production facilities

Construction and installation of the production platform/unit

• Crane vessel• Offshore barges• Heavy lift carrier

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Oil and GasSearchExport or transport


Item ActivityVessel / unit in

operation

Developing the field Drilling and completing the production wells and interconnecting the production facility

• Jack-up drilling rigs• Semi-submersible

drilling unit• Pipelaying barges or

pipelaying vessels

Getting the hydrocarbon to the surface and processing at the surface

• Production• Depressurization and

separation in oil, gas and water fractions

• Fixed platform (Jacketplatform)

• TLP (Tension Leg Platform)

• FPSO, FSO• Production Jack-up or

semi-subs• Subsea installation,

etc

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Item ActivityVessel / unit in

operation

Bringing “the product” to shore

Transportation • Shuttle tankers• Pipeline; laid at

seabed by pipelayingvessels

Support • Supply and services• Maintenance and

repair• Watch keeping

• Suppliers, crewboats, anchor handlers

• Diving and multipurpose support vessels

• Standby and chase vessels

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Seismic Survey Vessels

• To produce detailed information for oil companies as a basis for actual production drilling.

• Offshore seismic survey companies

• Fugro (Netherland), PGS Petroleum Geo-Services (Norway), Schlumberger Oilfield Services (USA), Western Geco (UK), etc.

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http://library.the-group.net/bggroup/zips/Press_Releases/CGG_G

eo_Coral_aerial_photos_Tanzania.jpg

http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PGS-Ramform-

Valiant-Starts-Seismic-Survey-Offshore-Angola.jpg

http://www.pge.com/includes/images/shared/edusafety/dcpp/seismic/seismic_surv

ey_2_web.png

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Jack-up Drilling Rigs

• “Jack-up” or “Drilling rig”

• 10 meters to max. 150 meters water depth

• Triangular or rectangular shape barge

• 3 legs or 4 legs

• Using TUG or Heavy Lift Transport Ship to transport Jack-up

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http://en.murmanshelf.ru/upload/iblock/eb2/eb2f31efe49de2342c68ef32637bc548.jpg

http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Aban-VII-Jack-Up-Hired-for-Drilling-Offshore-Oman.jpg

http://www.akersolutions.com/Global/Media/images/AkerSolutions_drilling_jack-

up_320.jpg

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Drilling Vessels

• A ship-shaped drilling unit;

• Used for drilling exploration and production;

• Medium to deep water depth (150 to 3000 meters depth);

• 14 knots average speeds;

• High storage capacity;

• Position maintaining: anchor moored or rely on dynamic positioning (DP); depending on the water depth.

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connector.com/ships_uploads/west_vela-9609407-drill_ship-8-166068.jpg

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Semisubmersible

• It is used for drilling in 150 –2500 m water depth;

• Anchored (max 1500 m) or DP (Dynamic Positioning);

• Better motion behavior than ship-shaped type

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http://www.marinemodelmagazine.com/trapletimages/6Nautilus-Dry-Tow.jpg

http://www.gazprom.com/preview/f/posts/52/001454/w500_9.jpg

http://www.crowley.com/var/ezflow_site/storage/images/media/images/cm_solutions_2013jackstmalo_stage2_cr

owley_0197_sm/115931-1-eng-US/CM_Solutions_2013JackStMalo_St

age2_Crowley_0197_sm_large.jpg

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Crane Vessels

• Vessel type or semisubmersible barge type;

• Equipped with one or two heavy-duty crane (could be 12,000 tonnes of fixed platform);

• Also used for removal of offshore platform;

• Some of them have pipelayingfacilities.

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http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/KBR-to-Design-

Heeremas-Semisubmersible-Crane-Vessel.png

http://www.haiyangshiyou.com/esdep/media/wg15a/f0300001.jpg

http://www.haiyangshiyou.com/esdep/media/wg15a/f0100006.jpg back


Offshore Barge Heavy Lift Carrier

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• Both support the building production facilities: construction and installation of the production platform/unit;

http://www.scira.co.uk/NewsImages/13_05_11SubStation.jpg

http://www.rodmar.eu/images/im/bargetransportation.jpg

http://gs-press.com.au/images/news_articles/cache/McDermott_DB16_

derrick_barge-600x0.jpg

http://csschps.cssc.net.cn/cms_zchp_en2/upload_img/20110809155852CR-Uyj.JPG

http://gcaptain.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Picture-17.png

http://gcaptain.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Tern_1.jpeg

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Fixed (Jacket) Platform• Working platform for drilling

and production;• Be transported with lying on

barge, the launched from the barge into a vertical position on sea bed, with the help of offshore crane vessel;

• The module are afterward lifted onto the platform and interconnected;

• Most platform stand in 20 meters to 150 meters water depth;

• The highest jacket built so far was for a 412 meters water depth.

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TLP (Tension Leg Platform)

• It used for drilling and production purposes;• The unit resembles a

semi-submersible drilling unit and is attached to the sea bed with vertically tensioned steel cables;• Advantages: • economical aspect in

comparison with the jacket platform (deeper water);

• Can be moved to other location.

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http://indomigas.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/tlp.jpg

http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/glider/i

mages/image1.jpg

http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/rampowell/images/r

amp1.jpgback


FPSO/FSO

• Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading;

• Produce crude oil from fluids pumped up from the oil well;

• On vessel: fluids are processed to separate the crude oil from water and gas, and the oil is temporarily stored on board until the oil is offloaded to a shuttle tanker;

• FPSO is kept on position by DP. Conventionally using spread anchor mooring system (no longer feasible);

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FPSO/FSO (cont)

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Shuttle Tanker

• A shuttle tanker can be used to load the oil from FPSO/FSO and transport this as cargo to the shore terminal.

• Shuttle tanker comes in position behind the stern of FPSO and connects itself by a hose;

• Dynamically positioned;

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http://www.navicomdynamics.com/media/sitephoto/Tui%2018a%20web.jpg

http://www.marin.nl/upload_mm/6/d/9/1262_fullimage_shuttle_tanker_192x192.

png

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Pipelaying Vessels/Barge

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Pipelaying Vessels/Barge (2)

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Offshore Constructions

• Fixed Types:

• Jacket platform, TLP, Jack-up , etc;

• Floating Types:

• Semi-submersible, drill ship, FSO/FPSO, offshore crane vessels, ect

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Thank You

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