CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF ECUADOR

FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY

SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES

ENGLISH

Freddy Endara

• Most bio-diverse places in the world

• Zone that did not freeze during the last ice-age.

• The forest accommodates the largest number of species of trees per hectare in the world.

• World's richest avian sites. 593

• 200 species of mamals

• 62 species of snakes

• 150 species of anphibians

• 100 millions species of insects

• In 1989 UNESCO declared the park a Bio-reserve and Cultural Heritage site

• 'Untouchable Zone'

WAORANI

• Curaray and Napo rivers.

Tagaeri and Taromenane

• Voluntary isolation

Shuar

• Famous, or infamous, for tzantza

• WAKANI.

• ARUTAM.

• MUISAK.

kichwa

• Called themselves Naporunas

• Until 1958 the Waorani in particular had fought hard.

• Two main indigenous groups - the Tagaeri and Taromenane.

• A 420km pipeline was built right across the Andes.

• In 1999 the Constitutional court.

• Southern part of the Yasuní was declared an 'untouchable zone‘.

EFFECTS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY ON THE AMAZON

• Environmental impacts

• Cultural impacts

• Political impacts

• Social impacts

• Economic impacts

• Ishpingo-Tambococha-Tiputini

• 412 million and a possible 846 million barrels of oil..

• 1 barrel of oil there can be 10 barrels of waste.

• 846 millions barrels of crude (20%).

• 407 millions metric tons of carbon.

• Produces 4 barrels of water for each barrel of oil.

Benefits

• Non CO2 emition about 407 metric tons

• Non explotation

• The conservation (39 additional parks).

• Reforestation of a 1’000.000 hectares.

• Country’s transition from an extractive economy .– Use of renewable energy sources.

– Respect for diversity– Increased social equity.

CERTIFICATE OF GUARANTEE (CGY´S)

• Financial instrument .

• All income will be deposited in an international trust fund.

• Contributions of countries from all over the world.

CONCLUSIONS• The proposal will help to keep and preserve this unique and

most bio-diverse places in the world.• Non emission into the atmospheres of 407 millions of tons

of CO2• Guarantee non exploitation of petroleum reserves.• The conservation of this immense biological richness, along

with the conservation of 39 additional parks.• Respect for the cultures of the indigenous tribes, who live

in isolation.• Reforestation of 1’000.000 hectares.• A decisive impulse to the country’s transition from an

extractive economy based on petroleum exploitation, towards a more sustainable development model:– Use of renewable energy sources. Hydroelectric,

geothermal and solar power. – Respect for diversity– Increased social equity.

VOCABULARY

• Watershed:• Proposal:• Spans:• Pledge:• Bats:• Mining:• Logging:• Tamper:• Foragers:• Boundaries:• Fled:• Shrinking:• re-drawn:• revenue:• embodied:

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