Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300Spring 2010

Air Barrier PaperA composite sheet material used as a vapor retarder to control air, control water, and permit water vapor

Opening that allows air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing along with the removal of heat through the upper most part of the roof. This helps keep the attic cool in the summer and allows moisture in the attic to evaporate.

Attic Ventilation

Attic VentilationSoffit Vent

Attic VentilationRidge Vent

Attic VentilationGable Vent

Attic VentilationRoof Turbine

BackhoeAn excavator whose shovel bucket is attached to a hinged boom and is drawn backward to move earth . Typically used in digging foundation footers. Bucket was 18” in width

Batter BoardsA temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation

Brick ArchesRoman Arch

Brick ArchesGothic Arch

Brick ArchesParabolic Keystone Arch

Brick ArchesCentering - A temporary, usually wooden framework on which an arch, vault, or dome is supported during.

Brick BondsFlemish - brick layed horizontally ,the course alternates between headers and stretchers

Brick BondsRunning Bond – stretchers laid horizontally lapping over 50% of brick below

Brick Bonds Rowlock – brick laid on narrow long edge side by side

Brick BondsHeader – brick layed in a pattern exposing small end

Brick Bonds Soldier – brick layed vertically exposing narrow side

Brick BondsStretcher Rowlock (Shiners) – layed horizontally with largest side face exposed

Brick BondsSailor – layed vertically with the largest side face exposed

Brick SizesModular Brick - 3 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 2 ¼”

Brick SizesUtility Brick – 3 ½” x 11 ½” x 3 1/8”

Bulldozer A heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic blade in front

Different types of materials used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building or structure

Cladding

Cladding 1. Wood Shingles - which are sawn where as wooden shakes are split

Cladding 2. Brick

Cladding3. E.F.I.S.

Cladding4. Stone

Cladding 5. Wood Board

Code RequirementsA set 0f legal restrictions intended to ensure a minimum standard of health and safety in buildings. These stairs had a rise of 7” and a run of 10 ½” which meets the code requirements

Code RequirementsA set 0f legal restrictions intended to ensure a minimum standard of health and safety in buildings. This window meets code measured 36” in width and 24” sill height. Net Openings: Double or Single Hung•20 in. minimum width•24 in. minimum opening height•5.7 sq. ft. minimum area•44’ maximum sill height

Concrete JointsControl Joint - groove cut into the top surface of the concrete that allows a crack to occur in the joint if the slab is stressed

Concrete JointIsolation Joint - used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement allowing expansion and contraction. The brick wall is isolated from the concrete slab

Concrete Masonry UnitsA block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manor as a brick or stone. Concrete Masonry Units are relatively low in price and limited in design but labor intensive.

8”

Concrete Masonry UnitsDifferent Size CMU (Nominal Size) •8”x 4 ”x 16”•8” x 12” 16”

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units1. Split Face CMU

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units2. Ribbed Face CMU

DoorsFlush Panel Solid Core Exterior Door

Lock Rail

Doors 2 Panel Door

Stile

Panel

Lock Rail

Top Rail

Bottom Rail

DoorsTransom - A horizontal crosspiece typically glass over a door or between a door and a window above it

DoorsSidelight – Horizontal side window/glass of different designs to add light and aesthetic value to a door unit

Electrical Components1. Transformer Box – converts voltage of several thousand volts from the substation down to 110/220-volts with a transformer

Electrical Components 2. Service Head – connects 2 hots and a neutral (220-volts) wire from the transformer to the meter head

Electrical Components 3. Meter – registers and the amount of kilowatts of electricty used which is recorded by the local power company

Electrical Components 4. Service Panel – protects the electrical load of the facility and distributes electricity into individual circuits and branches for fixtures, switches, and outlets

Electrical ComponentsDuplex Receptacle – electrical power outlet receiving power from branch circuits typically 110-volts and occasionally 220-volt depending on device

Framing Elements 1. Anchor Bolts

Framing Elements2. Sill Plate

Framing Elements 3. Floor Joist

Framing Elements4. Subflooring

Framing Elements5. Sole Plate

Framing Elements 6. Stud

Framing Elements 7. Top Plate

Framing Elements8. Stringer

Framing Elements 9. Ceiling Joist

Framing Elements 10. Rafter

Framing Elements 11. Roof Decking

Framing Elements12. Sheathing

Front End LoaderHeavy equipment machine that is primarily used to "load" material such as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, rocks, sand, ect. by using the front hydraulic bucket

Gypsum BoardAn interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces also called drywall or plasterboard

Heat PumpCompressor/Evaporator - A device that utilizes a refrigeration cycle either to heat or to cool a building by passing air or water over either the condensing coils or the evaporating coils Air Handling Unit - Central unit consisting of a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter racks or chamber, branches off heated or cooled air into trunk and branch ducts

Air Handling Unit Compressor / Evaporator

Advantage – Heat Pump systems have a rapid response timeDisadvantage - It is difficult to “zone” and may need help in extreme cold

Various materials with a low thermal conductivity that is included in a building assembly for the purpose of reducing heat flow through the assembly, measured in R-value

Insulation

Insulation1. Batt/Blanket Insulation

Insulation2. Loose-Fill

Insulation 3. Foamed

Insulation 4. Rigid Board

LintelA beam typically steel that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening this particular lintel is steel

Mortar1. Concave Mortar Joint – tooled 3/8” mortar joint used in residential construction. Type O – medium-low strength mortar

Mortar2. Extruded Mortar Joint – neither tooled or troweled 3/8” mortar joint used is residential construction. Type O – medium-low strength mortar

Oriented Stand BoardA building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented, each layer is turned 90 degrees for strength and bonded together under pressure and sprayed with a waterproof coating

Plumbing 1. Lavatory – 1 ½” piping used for drain

Plumbing2. Water Closet – 3” pipe used for drain

Plumbing3. Tub Unit – 2” pipe used for drain

Plumbing4. Plumbing Vent – Release waste gases and supplies air so that draining water cannot create a suction to pull water out of the p-trap

Plumbing 5. Kitchen Sink – under mount stainless sink

PlywoodA wood panel composed of 5 layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure with each layer turned 90 degrees for strength available in A, B, C, D grades

Radiant BarrierA s a reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in a roof or wall assembly as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy from the sun

RebarVarious lengths of steel reinforcing bars used in concrete or masonry for additional strength, measured in #’s. This is ½” rebar referred to as a #4 bar.The deformations on the bar help it to bond tightly to concrete

Steep Roof Drainage 1. Gutter – a channel that collects rainwater and snow melt at the eave of a roof, typically attached to the facia

Steep Roof Drainage2. Downspout – connected to the gutter to transport water down to ground level and away from the structure or building

Steep Roof Drainage 3. Splashblock – vertical flashing installed at the bottom of steep drainage situations to block and divert water into the gutter channel

Steep Roof Materials 1. Tar Paper -  heavy paper measured in pounds impregnated with tar and used as part of a roof for waterproofing layed directly on top of decking before shingles are installed

Steep Roof Materials2. Clay Tile

Steep Roof MaterialsSlate Shingle

Steep Roof Materials4. Metal Panel Roof

Steep Roof ShapesGable

Steep Roof ShapesGambrel

Steep Roof ShapesHip

Steep Roof ShapesMansard

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge

Rake

Eave

Rake – sloped edge of roof

Ridge – level intersection of 2 roof planes

Eave - the underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building

Steep Roof Terms

Fascia

Soffit

Soffit - The area that encloses the underside of that portion of the roof that extends out beyond the sidewalls of the house.

Fascia -  flat board that runs horizontally along the eaves of a roof, typically capping the ends of the roof rafters 

Steep Roof TermsValley

Valley – section of roof where 2 sloped roof sections meet

Steep Roof Terms

No FasciaBuilding without a fascia has no horizontal overhang

StoneRandom Rubble

StoneCoursed Rubble

StoneRandom Ashlar

StoneCoursed Ashlar

Vapor RetarderA layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly, also called vapor barrier most commonly put on the back side of batt/blanket insulation

WaterproofingAn impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. This certain waterproofing has been liquid applied to the underground exterior basement wall.

Weep HoleA small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly

Welded Wire FabricA grid of steel rods that are welded together to form a flat sheet/roll, used to reinforce a concrete slab to increase the tinsel strength of the concrete, grid is 6” x 6”

Windows1. Double Hung – Windows are classified by the way they move. This window slides vertically

Windows2. Awning – Windows are classified by the way they move. This window is hinged horizontally along top side operating by swinging outward

Windows3. Casement –Windows are classified by the way they move. This window is hinged vertically along side operating by swinging outward