Vernacular architecture of karnataka

Submitted by :Apoorv SrivastavaArjun ViswanathMohit Valentine Massey

Submitted to :Ar. Raktim Saha

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KARNATAKA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Any attempt at any level cannot be satisfactorily completed without the support and guidance of learned people. We would like to express our immense gratitude to Ar. Raktim Saha for his constant support and motivations that has encouraged us to come up with the assignment. We are also thankful to other members of SPA, and our classmates who have rendered their whole hearted support to all times for the successful completion of the assignment.

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VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

OF KARNATAKA


Dravidian South

Karnataka


GUTTHU HOUSES


• The Gutthu Houses of the land owning community of south Karnataka are large, inward looking Hindu Mansions.• The typical Gutthu house has a steeply pitched roof, combining single & double storied blocks around a courtyard.• It is the isolated home of a well-to-do family designed to deter attacks.• The facade is usually symmetrical around a central projection, the tallest and most impressive feature of the house.• The principal building material is wood.

THE KHAMB-WOODEN PILLARS IN A TRADITIONAL BUNT HOUSE CALLED GUTTHU MANE.


Source: www.slideshare.com, raju chettihar & publishers, Veerendran A.

http://www.slideshare.com/


Gutthu Mane - traditional homes of bunt community of coastal Karnataka.

• Such traditional Bunt houses can still be seen across the Tulu Nadu region.• A rather square complex with ample space for storage all around.• The pillars are made of wood.• There are usually 4 doors, one on each side of the square complex.• The roof is of Mangalore tiles. • One of the well preserved houses, Kodial.• The inner square is an open area – Guthu.• Royal houses of the Bunts are called the natural way with sunlight.





KODAVA HOUSES - AYNMANE Image Courtesy:

Google Images

• The KODAGU (COORG) district in Karnataka is the only region of the south known for its martial people.• Every Kodava belongs to a clan or Vokka. There are more than 300 clans within the community.• Every clan lived in a Ain-Mane- Ancestral house.• The Patriarch and Matriarch of the clan lived in the Ain house with their sons and their families.• However as families grew bigger there was a need to build more living space. Usually the younger sons moved away and built their own houses. • About 200 years ago these grand homesteads bustled with activity.• The granaries were filled with stocks of rice to last a year.• Firewood was chopped and stocked to see them through the long monsoon. Image Courtesy:

Google Images




MASSIVE COLUMNS AT THE ENTRANCE

THE CENTRAL OPEN COURTYARD



• Men and women cultivated paddy on their land under the leadership of the master of the family and shared the bounty after the harvest.

• The ancestral house is marked by the deeply cut passage called "oni, leading to the front.

• The "oni is paved with rough stones and has sloped walls on either side.

• An ideally built "Ain Mane resembles a fort.

• The Ainmane has always been a mirror reflecting the Kodava culture.

• This ancestral abode is a remarkable structure and a place of unique bonding.

• The structure of this building is thought to be symbolic of the unity in the family.

• On festivals and important occasions, Vokka (clan) members gather at the. Ainmane and partake in the ceremonies held there. Image Courtesy:

Google ImagesSource: www.slideshare.com, raju chettihar & publishers, Veerendran A.


• Also called the Gurukarana Mane or Gurumane, the Ainemane gives their family name.

• Several family units put together comprise a Vokka. Each Vokka owns an Ainemane.

• The Kings who ruled Kodagu built their Palaces following the architectural style of the Taravad houses of the Nairs of Kerala- proof of the cordial relations between Kodagu and Kerala.

• Typically the Ain Mane stands on hillock surrounded by paddy fields, swaying areca nut and coffee plantations.

• There is a central courtyard which is open to the sky.




• It has a sloping tiled roof to face the onslaught of the torrential monsoon.• A narrow corridor runs all around the courtyard connecting to the rooms. • Usually the kitchen is at the rear of the house or even a little away to keep the smoke away.• The toilet and bathing area is always away from the main building. plantations. • The Ain Mane, depending on the wealth of the clan stands surrounded by the huts of the farm workers and animal sheds. A well provides fresh water.




•The prime position at the Ainemane is held by the Karona , the head of the family that owns this house.• A one-storied square shaped building with an attic , the Ainemane has two doors as its entrance.•Always in an elevated position , it faces East. Steps lead to a Kayyale – Verandah , where pillars supporting the tiled roof are attached to bench lke planks.•Ainmane has a open roof space in the middle, so that the rain water is collected within and excess water is drained out.•The house consists of two doors to go to the backyard.• The front region of this ancestral house is a canopied open hall called the Kaiyale.•It consists of a 2 feet high seater of thick wooden plank which is used as a bench , called Aimara.•Daughters-in-law of the house are not allowed to sit on Aimara whereas married daughters of the house can sit on it.•Elders of the family usually sit here to exchange cordialities , discuss various issues and take important decisions.




•Two massive wooden poles adorn the entrance.•The central Nadubaade would consist of three wooden poles.•The first pole is called as Kannikamba – it supports the whole roof of Ainmane.•The Kannikamba is as significant as the thook bolcha (hanging lamp) lit everyday at the Nellaki Baade (prayer room).•During Ceremonies , family members would seek blessings by touching the base of Kannikamba and then the feet of elders.•Images of sun, moon, flowers , etc adorn Kannikamba and main doors signifying that the Kodavas were nature worshippers.•An integral part of Ainmane is Kaimada-an important structure built in memory of the founder of that family or Vokka.•It is a prayer place which is used during happy or sad ceremonies.•At Ainmane, the prime position is given to Karona, the head of that particular family.•Unique feature about Kodava culture is that men and women share kind of respect, status and position.




•Padasala :The rectangular hall around which the rooms are arranged.

• Mundu :The inevitable open courtyard in the

centre.

OLD-WORLD CHARM :The Verandah of an Ain Mane, where portraits of ancestors are displayed

• Kanni Kombara :Prayer place , where a deity is

installed. Here , the Karona (family ancestor) symbolized by a lamp is worshipped and offered food at the festivals.

• Kitchen :sacred , the mud oven / stove

should face East.




BIBLIOGRAPHY • Vernacular Architecture of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka And

Kerala; Raju Chettiar & Publishers.• Dravidian Houses and style of Architecture;

www.slideshare.com• Gutthu Houses, Aynmane; Veerendran Ayyaswamy; A Book

About Karnataka.• Gutthu Houses, Anymane Image Courtesy; Vishnu V.;

google images.


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Vernacular architecture of karnataka