Major Advisor : Dr. S. Benakappa

Presented by:

Jitendra KumarID No. DFK 1303

Department of Fisheries Resources and Management

Traditional methods of locating the fishing grounds

Compass & Previous experience

Colour

Bubbles breaking on Surface

Muddy and oily water

Reflection in the Night

Smell

Fish

Ava

ilabi

lity

Indirect detection is possible by observing the associated sea surface phenomena

Satellite Remote Sensing can be a very powerful toolemployed in the wise-use of fishery resources, includingits utilization to detect Potential Fishing Zones

The first use of satellite remote sensing in fishery advisoryoperations in the US was in 1971

Laurs, 1993

Potential Fishing Zone

PFZ is a reliable and short-term forecast on the fishaggregation zones in the open sea.

What is PFZ?

Potential Fishing Zone advisories - A promising tool for Precision fishing

How it is developed?

Source: Subramanian et al., 2014 and http://www.icargoa.res.in/

PFZ advisories are being generated and disseminated to theentire fishermen community situated -Indian coast

To improve the coverage- Electronic display board (EDB)has been developed and installed at various fish landing centre

How PFZ is received at the fish landing centre?

Latest EDB version

Subramanian et al., 2014

Components of PFZ forecast

Table

Chart

How to use PFZ?

It is better to catch fish - day after receiving

Fishing at the end of the PFZ advisory will give asmaller catch

Choudhury et al. (2007)

If the PFZ is shown as a curve then fishing inside the curved area will yield maximum catch.

When there are two or more PFZ close to each other, then fishing in between those gives a better catch

Fishing on the opposite direction of the shift islikely to give a much lesser catch or no catch at all.

Materials and Methods

April 2007 and March 2011

Three coastal districts

Thiruvallur (1)Chennai (3)

Kancheepuram (2)

During the study period-

Gillnet gears - used for fishing

PFZ Generation

NOAA AVHRR

Data Extraction

SST Image Generation

Geometric correction

SST Computation

Overlay of SST contours on Chl.

image

IRS P4 OCM

Chl. computation

Atmospheric Corrections

Data Extraction

Chl. Image generation

Co- Registration

Interpretation of Fishery Forecast

PFZ Chart Generation

Generation of fishery forecast

Dissemination of PFZ advisoriesThe PFZ advisories were disseminated to the fishing communityusing a wide range of media such as

to enable the fishing community to obtain information and attemptfor more fishing in the PFZ

Results

Thiruvallur Dist.

Chennai District

Kancheepuram district

Rabbit fish

(Siganus javus)

Total fish catch in three coastal districts of North Tamil Nadu

Experimental fishing

Number of beneficiaries in the fishing community

Materials and Methods

Total of 87 validation experiments were carried out during 2009-12

Identical vessels of three categories gillnetters, trawlers and longliners

For validation experiments within and outside PFZs.

Mann-Whitney U test using statistical package

Gut contents of pelagic fishes- (PFZ and non-PFZ viz.)Sardinella spp. (Clupeidae)Rastrelliger spp. (Scombridae) andMegalaspis cordyla (Carangidae)

Feedback data also collected.

Fish catch: PFZ vis-à-vis non-PFZ:

Results

Descriptive statistics for the total fish catch

Species contribution

PFZ vis-à-vis Non PFZ from gillnetters

PFZ vis-à-vis Non PFZ from trawlers

PFZ vis-à-vis Non PFZ from longliners

Gut contents of fishes within and outside PFZ

Major gut contents of pelagic fishes

A total of 461 fish specimens including 155 clupeids, 190 scombrids and 116 carangids were considered

Gut content analysis revealed significant variation between the PFZ and Non-PFZ .

For sardines (Sardinella spp.),

92% Fish (PFZ)full stomach fully digested greenish mass as major diet

i.e. better availability of food

46% Fish (non-PFZ)full-stomach

Significantly higher in notified (PFZ) area

Discussion

The fluctuations in the physical, chemical andbiological oceanographic conditions have influence onthe periodic and seasonal migration of fishes

Kawasaki et al. (1991)

Kripa et al. (2014)

PFZ advisory maps released by the INCOIS during 2003-07

regions of the Arabian Sea off Kerala with depths less than 50 moccurred more in the PFZ advisory maps than the midcontinental shelf region and the continental slope.

Positive relationship between PFZ and abundance of commerciallyimportant pelagic fishes.

CPUE was more- PFZ

Extra quantity of fish caught- 2 to 6 times - PFZ

Extra benefit obtained 2 to 7 times - PFZ

Validation off Karwar showed that catch was significantly higher innotified (PFZ) area with high densities as compared to non notified(non-PFZ) regions.

Radhakrishnan et al. (2004) reported more or less same fish catch in both IPFZand Non-IPFZ locations based on the validation studies carried out along theMangalore coast.

Choudhury et al. (2007)

Subsequently the usefulness of the technology forlocating pelagic fish concentration along Kerala coast wasestablished based on validation attempted since 1996 -

(Pillai et al., 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2007)

Things to avoid

Avoid fishing at the end point of the PFZ advisory, it will yield alower catch.

Avoid fishing on the opposite direction of the shifting feature asthe fish moves in the direction of the shift.

Fishing is to be avoided during day time as the fishes dive todeeper areas during day time because of the sunlight.

Ideal time is to fish during late evening or early morning.

Indiscriminate fishing of small sizes of fishes.

Helps to locate the fishing grounds

Saving on valuable fuel and human work

Reduction in search time by 30 to 70 %

Fishing period reduced from 3-5 days to 1-2 days

Traditional fishermen can benefit by the use of PFZ forecast when available near shore

Conclusion

(Solanki et al., 2005; Nammalwar et al., 2013and Subramanian et al., 2014)

(Subramanian et al., 2014)

(Simpson, 1992 and Subramanian et al., 2014)

Choudhury et al. (2007)

Solanki et al., 2002, 2003

It is necessary to utilize available technology andscientific tools like remote sensing in order toensure economically viable fishing by reducing thesearch time for productive fishing grounds.

CHATURVEDI, N., NARAIN, A., GULATI, D. K., JOHN, M. E. & SOMVANSHI, V. S. (2000) Interrelationshipbetween satellite derived chlorophyll and temperature profile from cruise data: a study for Arabian sea on seasonal basis.PORSES Proceedings. Vol. 1. Goa, India, Dec. 5-8, 2000. pp 347-349.

DWIVEDI, R.M., SOLANKI, H.U., NAYAK, S.R., GULATI D.K. and SOMVANSHI, V.S. (2005) Exploration of fisheryresources through integration of ocean colour with sea surface temperature: Indian experience. Ind. J. Mar. Sci. 34(4):430-440.

GEORGE, G., PANDIAN KRISHNAN, SIBNARAYAN DAM ROY, KAMAL SARMA, M. P. GOUTHAMBHARATHI1, M. KALIYAMOORTHY, V. KRISHNAMURTHY and T. SRINIVASA KUMAR. (2013). Validation ofPotential Fishing Zone (PFZ) Forecasts from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Fishery Technology, 50: 208- 212.

NAMMALWAR, P AND SATHEESH, S. and RAMESH, R (2013) Applications of Remote Sensing in the validations ofPotential Fishing Zones (PFZ) along the coast of North Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 42(3): 283-292.

NAYAK, S.R., SOLANKI, H.U. and DWIVEDI, R.M. (2003) Utilization of IRS P4 ocean colour data for potentialfishing zone-A cost benefit analysis. Ind. J. Mar. Sci., 32(3): 244-248

SOLANKI, H. U., DWIVEDI, R. M., NAYAK, S. R., GULATI, D. K., JOHN, M. E. and SOMAVANSHI, V. S. 2003.Potential Fishing Zone (PFZs) forecast using satellite data derived biological and physical processes. J. Indian Soc. Rem.Sen., 31(2): 67-69.

SOLANKI, H.U., DWIVEDI, R.M., NAYAK, S.R., JADEJA, J.V., THAKER, D.B., DAVE, H.B. and PATEL, M.I.(2001). Application of ocean colour monitor chlorophyll and AVHRR SST for fishery forecast: Preliminary validationresult off Gujarat coast, north coast of India. Indian Journal Marine Sciences, 30:132–138.

Acknowledgement

Chairman: Dr. S. Benakappa

Professor and Head, Dept. of FRM

Members: Dr. Sujitha Thomas

Senior Scientist, CMFRI, Mangalore

Dr. H.N. Anjanayappa

Associate Professor, Dept. of FRM

Dr. S.R. Somashekara

Associate Professor, Dept. of FRM

Dr. Lakshmipathi M.T.

Associate Professor, Dept. of AEM

Mr. A.S. Kumar Naik

Assistant Professor, Dept. of FRM