Unit 3. THE HUMAN BODY.3 A- HUMAN NUTRITION.

3 B- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

3C- CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.

Unit 3 A : Human Nutrition.

1. NEW WORDS .2. DEFINITION, PROCESSES

AND SYSTEMS.3. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PARTS.4. DIGESTION STAGES.5. ACTIVITIES.6. SUMMARY AND

EXPERIMENT.

INDEX

1. New words. Breaking down-romper/deshacer. Break up-partir. Slippery-resbaladiza. To swallow-tragar. Small intestine-intestino delgado. Large intestine- intestino grueso. Gall bladder- vesícula biliar. Bile- bilis Bolus of food- bolo alimenticio. Pharynx-faringe. Chyme- quimo Chyle- quilo

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1. New words.

Salivary glands –glándulas salivares. Liver-hígado. Juices- jugos. Takes place- tiene lugar. Pancreas- pancreas. Plenty- mucho. Gastric juices- jugos gástricos.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

2 DEFINITION, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS.

-Definition of Nutrition. Nutrition consits of extracting nutrients and oxygen, distributing them around the body and excreting the residues.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1. DEFINITION, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS.

The Nutrition processes. Digestion. Consists of breaking down food into simpler substances until we obtain energy. Breathing. we obtain the oxygen from the air.Our cells need to work and excrete the carbon dioxide that we produce

as a residue.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1. DEFINITION, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS.

Circulation. Consists of transporting nutrients, oxygen and residues around the body. Excretion. Is the expulsion of the residues.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

1. DEFINITION, PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS.

The Nutrition systems.

Unit 3(a): Human body.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

THE EXCRETORY

SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

NUTRITION SYSTEMS:

The Digestive system The Respiratory system

The Circulatory system

The

Excretory system

DIGESTIONIt consists in breaking down food

into simpler substances until we obtain the nutrients.

It includes:The digestive tractThe digestive glands.

The digestive tract includes: Mouth

Pharynx Oesophagus (foodpipe) Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine

The digestive glands are: Salivary glands

Gall bladder Liver Pancreas

:

Mouth

It breaks up food and makes it slippery so it is easy to swallow.

Mouth

Pharynx

It is the passage to the stomach and lungs.

Pharynx

Oesophagus (gullet)(foodpipe)

the tube that connects your mouth and your stomach

StomachA stretchy bag that helps to break food into smaller pieces so your body can use it for energy and nutrition.

Stomach

Oesophagus

Small IntestineTube that is 20 feet long.

It absorbs digested food into the blood.

Food stays in your small intestine for 4 to 8 hours

Small Intestine

Large IntestineTube that is 5 feet long.

Gets waste from small intestine.

Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours

Large Intestine

Gall BladderStorage tank for bile (a greenish-

yellow liquid) that helps your body break down and use fats.

Located under your liver.

Shaped like a pear.

Gall Bladder

LiverFactory for antibodies and bile.

Stores vitamins and sugars until your body needs them.

Liver

PancreasIt makes chemicals to digest all kinds of food.

FunctionsDigest the food we eat.

Take the nutrients out of your food so your body can use it.

SummaryFunctions

Digests food

Absorbs nutrients for the body

ComponentsMouthOesophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestinePancreasLiverGall Bladder

Stages of Digestion

Four Stages of Digestion

IngestingDigesting AbsorbingEliminating

Stage 1:Digestion in the mouth and oesophagus

The teeth cut the food. The salivary glands produce saliva. The tongue mixes the saliva with the food and forms a bolus of food.

This passes down the pharynx and the oesophagus.

Esophagus: as food passes through the pharynx, the epiglottis covers the airway tube.

The food moves on to the esophagus.

The esophagus is a tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach.

The esophagus is long and muscular

The bolus is pushed through the esophagus in a process called peristalsis.

Stage 2: Digestion in the Stomach

The stomach produces substances called gastric juices.

When these juices mix with the bolus of food, they form a partially digested food paste called chyme.

Stage 3: Digestion in the Small Intestine

The pancreas produces pancreatic juices.

The liver produces bile.

The intestine produces intestinal juices.

These juices and the movements of the small intestine form chyle which contains the nutrients.

Stage 3: Digestion in the Small Intestine

ABSORPTION:The walls of the

intestine contain veins and capillaries which absorb the nutrients.

They are transported through the circulatory system all around the body in the blood.

Stage 4: Digestion in the Large Intestine

In the large intestine, water is extracted from the residues which form faeces.

These are excreted through the anus.

Activities:

3.1 page 23 – Chyme is formed in the sotmach.

Faeces are formed in the large intestine.

Capillaries absorb the nutrients in the small intestine.

Food is masticated in the mouth.

Activities:

Digestive glands are:

Salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas.

Parts of digestive tract:

Mouth, tongue, pharynx,oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine.

Digestion Summary:

ORGANS FUNCTION FOOD TRANSFORMATION

MOUTH with teeth, tongue and salivary glands.

Cuts the food and producesSALIVA

BOLUS

PHARYNX ANDOESOPHAGUS

Move the food withmovements calledPERISTALSIS

BOLUS

STOMACH ProducesGASTRIC JUICES

CHYME

SMALL INTESTINE withLiver, Gall bladder and Pancreas

Produces INTESTINAL JUICES AND BILEand absorbsNUTRIENTS

CHYLE

LARGE INTESTINE Excrete RESIDUES

FAECES

Healthy HabitsEat food that is high in fiber like fruits and vegetables

Drink plenty of water

Chew your food completely before you swallow

Avoid foods high in fat

Interesting FactsFood is in your digestive system for about 24 hours

Your stomach stretches when you eat like a balloon being filled with air

You have a trap door called the epiglottis to cover your windpipe when you swallow.

Your stomach mashes your food the way a baker kneads dough for bread.

SummaryHealthy Habits

Eat high fiber foodsDrink lots of waterChew food wellAvoid high-fat foods